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S[k]= n=0N-1s[n]e-j2πknN (3) where s[n] = s(n∆t) is the input data vector, s(t) is the input signal, ∆t is the sampling interval, n is an integer, N is the length of the input data vector and S[k] gives the complex frequency-domain output data vector.
The severity of EMI can be decreased by reducing the dv/dt rate due to high frequency range reduction as illustrated in Fig. 7.
Table I: Induced EMR voltage and Percentage of EMR Reduction Pattern No.
Rise Time [ns] EMR [V] Percentage EMR Reduction [%] EFO= 2kV EFO = 4kV EFO= 2kV EFO = 4kV 1 0 33.4900 71.3600 Reference (Pulse Voltage) 2 100 0.0320 0.0570 99.90 99.92 3 400 0.0080 0.0170 99.98 99.98 4 700 0.0053 0.0095 99.98 99.99 5 1,000 0.0050 0.0089 99.99 99.99 The voltage pattern being used to break the electrical air gap during FAB process in ball bonding plays a role and it affects the intensity of EMI emission while the voltage amplitude has less impact on EMI intensity.
Anunciada, “EMI Reduction by Optimizing the Output Voltage Rise Time and Fall Time in High-Frequency Soft-Switching Converters,” 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, vol. 2, pp. 1127-1132, 2004

The sharpness of the adsorption branch is indicative of a narrow mesopore size distribution of 102.8Å, in accordance with a0 data calculated by XRD.
The distance between mesopores is estimated to be ca. 102.3Å, in agreement with that determined from the XRD and adsorption data.
Pt (data from PDF card, vertical bar) Fig. 4 (a, b) TEM images and (c) ED spectrum of Pt/SBA-15, the arrows in a and b points to the Pt NPs; (d) Nitrogen adsorption (filled dot)-desorption (hollow circle) isotherm for SBA-15 and Pt/SBA-15 Summary In summary, hexagonal ordered SBA-15 had been successfully synthesized first as the solid host to support pre-prepared spherical Pt NPs with uniform size and distribution.
Murphy, Evidence for seed-mediated nucleation in the chemical reduction of gold salts to gold nanoparticles, Chem.
Sun, A general approach to the size- and shape-controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their catalytic reduction of oxygen, Angew.

The mediator couples with a more positive redox potential enable bacteria to oxidize the electron donor more effectively, which is needed for the bacteria to recycle their internal electron carriers, while they can easily penerate the cell membrane, and they have fast kinetics for both oxidation at the anode and reduction inside the organism [3].
EIS was conducted on the open circuit MFCs.Scanning data were fitted and simulated using ZSimpWin3.10(Echem,US).
The CV show a couple of distinguishable oxidation-reduction peaks, the oxidation peak in the forward scan at -0.20v (vs.Hg/Hg2Cl2) and the reduction peak in the reverse scan at -0.23v(vs.Hg/Hg2Cl2).
To evaluate the measured impedance data, the Nyquist plot can be well fitted with the inset equivalent circuit, in which Rs,Rct and CPE represent the solution resistance, the charge transfer resistance and the constant phase element, respectively.
The data about the resistance of electric element are listed in Table1.

ICA The ICA [10] model can be described as: (1) The model describes how the observed data X can be obtained by mixing the signal source S.
All the data can be observed is only the random variable X, so it is necessary to estimate the mixing matrix A and the source S.
As an extension of PCA, ICA focuses on the higher-order statistical characteristics between data, and each of the transformed components is not only unrelated, but also as statistically independent as possible.
Therefore, ICA can be more fully reveal the essential characteristics of the input data.
Bartlett: Face Image Analysis by Unsupervised Learning and Redundancy Reduction.

Both of these mechanisms result in hydrogen detection by Schottky barrier height reduction and current increase.
The Schottky barrier height of the diode was calculated based on the forward biasing data [10].
The observed ohmicity of Au-TiO2 junction in hydrogen atmosphere is consistent with, at least, 0.5 eV reduction in WAu due to hydrogen adsorption.
This is comparable with the reported value of 0.7 eV reduction in the work function of platinum as a result of hydrogen adsorption [16].
This interaction results in a reduction in the oxygen concentration on silver surface which in turn, reduces the SBH at the junction and increases the reverse current (Fig. 4b).

The waste minimization methodologies include source reduction, operational practices involving recycle and reuse, and administrative controls of waste management optimization.
Options of Waste Minimization Methods Source Reduction.
Source reduction is the most prominent component of waste minimization that involves plant and equipment design and process control.
Radioactive Waste Volume Reduction.
The average annual solid radioactive wastes volume of operational NPP is about 70m3/unit (PWR), which is higher than the world’s advanced level (less than 40m3/unit (PWR) [8]) and has further reduction potential.

Introduction Weight reduction to improve the efficiency of automotive technology without compromising on safety and durability is the area of focus for polymer research.
The tensile tests were performed on 50 kN Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with computerized control and data acquisition.
However, the tensile strength of hybrid composite of glass-sisal-epoxy at 0/90º has shown a slight reduction of around 28.9% in comparison with glass fiber composite.
The tensile strength of sisal fiber reinforced polyester composites at ±45º fiber orientation has significant strength reduction in comparison with 0-90° fiber orientation.
However, the flexural strength of sisal-epoxy is very low with 71.42 % reduction at 0-90° orientation and 50 % reduction at ±45° fiber orientation.

Experimental data based model building i.e. system identification often give rise to higher order models which needs to be reduced in a suitable template before tuning the controllers with frequency domain design specifications.
Section II proposes the new NIOPTD templates and the model reduction methodology in FO domain.
New Approach of Model Reduction with Fractional Order Elements Flexible Order Templates for Model Reduction.
The simulation of the model reduction and FO controller tuning has been carried out using the FOTF Toolbox [9].
Two new FO model reduction templates are introduced which increases the robustness of FO control loops due to reduced modeling error.

The texture and grain boundaries characteristics in cold-rolled and annealed steels with different total cold reductions have been examined.
X-ray data and calculatedr of cold rolled and annealed sheet steels Volume grains fraction, % ε, % 100 111 P P − r {111} {100} {112} Other 65 17 2.3 53 6 13 28 75 87 2.9 68 3 16 13 The Lankford's coefficients −r is calculated by the correlation equation: r = 1.1 + 0.41 ln(P111/P100).
Increase in the cold rolling reduction leads to increasing of octahedral and weakening of cubical texture components, which increases −r from 2.3 to 2.9.
Integral intensity of the repere diffraction measured for annealed cold rolled steel with reduction ε = 65 % is more than for steel with ε = 75%.
With increasing cold rolling reduction in order 70% � 75% � a b c 80% � 84% Lankford's coefficient is changed in the following order: 1.9 � 2.6 � 2.5 � 2.2.

Being tough and non-interruptive in 24 hours, it has the advantages of data update, identification, repeated use, penetrability and high storage capacity.
However, it also has the weakness of vulnerability to personal data leakage.
This section is mainly to illustrate the data analysis and results of the valid questionnaires.
Among the respondents who suspect the effects of RFID(being worried about the personal data leakage, and the harm to health), 35% people don’t support the RFID use.
Benbasat,et al.(1995).”Electronic data interchange and small organizations: adoption and Impact of Technology”MIS Quarterly 19(4):465-485