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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Shi Rong Ge, Lan Feng Zhang
The Effect of Acrylic Bone Cement Solidification Conditions On The
Compressive Property
Lanfeng Zhang1, a Shirong Ge1, b
1 China University of Mining and Technology(Institute of Tribology and Reliability Engineering Introduction, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Xuzhou 221116, China)
aZhanglf1984@hotmail.com, bgsr@cumt.edu.cn
Keywords: Acrylic Cement Bone; Polymethylmethacrylate ; Strength; X-ray
Abstract.
By referring to the international standard of ISO5833: 2002, a type of column sample sized as Φ6mm×12mm is made through the load of 20N matters.
Chemical Industry and Engineering[J], 2003,20(5):65-72 [3] Qisheng Wu.
Influence of Nano-hydroxyapatite Powder on the Mechanical Properties of PMMA Bone Cement[J].Journal of Materials Science&Engineering, 2005, 23(6):863-866 [4] Weimin Fan, Xi Chen.
Influence of Calcium phosphate bone cement preparation on the physical properties[J].Ceramic Technology.2003,24(2):98-102 [11] Krause W.R., Miller J. et al.
By referring to the international standard of ISO5833: 2002, a type of column sample sized as Φ6mm×12mm is made through the load of 20N matters.
Chemical Industry and Engineering[J], 2003,20(5):65-72 [3] Qisheng Wu.
Influence of Nano-hydroxyapatite Powder on the Mechanical Properties of PMMA Bone Cement[J].Journal of Materials Science&Engineering, 2005, 23(6):863-866 [4] Weimin Fan, Xi Chen.
Influence of Calcium phosphate bone cement preparation on the physical properties[J].Ceramic Technology.2003,24(2):98-102 [11] Krause W.R., Miller J. et al.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Javier Taboada Castro, Jose Antonio Vilán Vilán, Nuria Sánchez Delgado, Maria Araújo Fernández
Given these shortcomings, the Xunta de Galicia funded a research project for 2008-2011 entitled “Optimization of the cutting process of Galician granite from its petrographic and physical characterization”, as a collaboration between the Technology Centre Foundation for Granite, the Mechanical Engineering and Mining Group of the University of Vigo and the Petrophysics Group attached to the Department of Geology at the University of Oviedo [5].
Zhou: Study on the fuzzy ranking of granite sawability, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 139, 277-280 (2003)
Brook: Principles of diamond tool technology for sawing rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 39, 41-58 (2002)
Turchetta: Force and specific energy in stone cutting by diamond mill, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44, 1189–1196 (2004)
Malkin: Forces and energy in circular sawing and grinding of granite, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transactions of the ASME 123 (1), 13-22 (2001)
Zhou: Study on the fuzzy ranking of granite sawability, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 139, 277-280 (2003)
Brook: Principles of diamond tool technology for sawing rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 39, 41-58 (2002)
Turchetta: Force and specific energy in stone cutting by diamond mill, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44, 1189–1196 (2004)
Malkin: Forces and energy in circular sawing and grinding of granite, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transactions of the ASME 123 (1), 13-22 (2001)
Online since: November 2019
Authors: Beddiaf Zaidi, Naoual Houaidji, Mejda Ajili, Baghdadi Chouial, Najoua Kamoun-Turki, Kenza Kamli, Asma Khadraoui, Alloua Chibani, Zakaria Hadef, Bouzid Hadjoudja
Ikhmayies, The influence of annealing on the optical properties of spray-deposited SnO2: F thin films, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, xxx (2016) 1-8
[6] H.
Chibani, Synthesis and characterisation of tin sulphide thin films, Surface Engineering, 33 (2017) 567-572 [19] M.
Ramadan, Performance of Transparent Conducting Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Films for Applications in Energy Efficient Devices, International Journal of Thin Films Science and Technology, 5 (2016) 55-65 [22] A.
Yilmaz, A Function of External Doping: Characteristics of Inorganic Nanostructure Based Diode, Ceramics International, 45 (2018) 665-673 [36] S.
Chandramohan, Effect of solvent volume on properties of SnO2:Al films, Surface Engineering, 29 (2013) 373-378 [38] L.
Chibani, Synthesis and characterisation of tin sulphide thin films, Surface Engineering, 33 (2017) 567-572 [19] M.
Ramadan, Performance of Transparent Conducting Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Films for Applications in Energy Efficient Devices, International Journal of Thin Films Science and Technology, 5 (2016) 55-65 [22] A.
Yilmaz, A Function of External Doping: Characteristics of Inorganic Nanostructure Based Diode, Ceramics International, 45 (2018) 665-673 [36] S.
Chandramohan, Effect of solvent volume on properties of SnO2:Al films, Surface Engineering, 29 (2013) 373-378 [38] L.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Yu Ran Zhang, Yong Hao Di, Rui Dai, Shui Lin Zheng, Bei Song
Introduction
As one of the most important mineral resources on which our society depends, non-metallic minerals have witnessed great progress in its exploitation and utilization especially within the recent-completed Eleventh Five-Year Plan, during which the non-metallic industry developed rapidly, and various sorts of non-metallic products were broadly applied to modern industries such as aerospace technology, new energy technology, electronic information engineering, biotechnology, building materials, chemical engineering, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering, energy conservation and environmental protection, etc. [1]
Serpentine is a vital non-metallic mineral resource widely and abundantly distributed over China, and it used to have a broad application in the production of calcium magnesium phosphate.
Dai: 10th International Conference on Vacuum Metallurgy and Surface Engineering (Shenyang, China, May 22-26, 2011). p.19
Zhou: Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Vol. 26 (2006) No.2, p.57.
Zhang: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, Vol. 35 (2007) No.2, p.164.
Zevenhoven: Minerals Engineering, Vol. 30 (2012), p.75
Dai: 10th International Conference on Vacuum Metallurgy and Surface Engineering (Shenyang, China, May 22-26, 2011). p.19
Zhou: Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Vol. 26 (2006) No.2, p.57.
Zhang: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, Vol. 35 (2007) No.2, p.164.
Zevenhoven: Minerals Engineering, Vol. 30 (2012), p.75
Online since: August 2022
Authors: B. Narasimhamurthy, K.H. Hemakumar, N. Padmavathy, M. Manjunatha
Ser. 2070 012044, Volume 2070, 012044, IOP Publishing ICPMS(2021), doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012044
[11] Mohammad Hamza, Ataf Ali Altaf, Samia Kausar, Catalysts, 10(10), 1150, MDPI (2020), https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101150
[12] KM Reza, A S W Kuny, F Gulshan, Applied Water Science, Volume 7, p1569-1578, Springer (2017), DOI 10.1007/s13201-015-0367-y
[13] Zhang, Y Lin, D He, J Zhang, Chemical Physical Letters, Volume 504, issue 1-3, p71-75, Elsevier (2011), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2011.01.060
[14] Nahid Javadi Baygi, Arghavan Vojdani, Saghir Sahar, Mollazzadeh Beidokhti, Ceramic International, Volume 46, Issue 10, Part A, p15417-15437, Elsevier (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.087
[15] Guofu Cai, Jiangping Tu, Ding Zhou, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118, 13, 6690-6696, ACS Publications (2014), https://doi.org/10.1021/jp500699u
[16] R.
Vinoth, P Karthik, K Devan, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 35, Part B, p655-663, Elsevier (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.03.005; [17] Mohammed A, Mannaa, Khaled F, Qasim, Fares T, ACS Omega, 6,45, p30386-30400, ACS Publications (2021), doi/10.1021/acsomega.1c03693 [18] Lan Ching Sim, Kai Wern Ng, Shaliza Ibrahim, and Pichiah Saravanan, International Journal of Photpenergy, Volume 2013, Article ID 659013, Hindawi Publication (2013), https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/659013 [19] Michael Bushell, Suzanne Beau Chemin, Filip Kunc, Nanomaterials, 10(9), MDPI (2020) https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091812 [20] Otmar Schmid, Tobias Stoeger, Journal of Aerosol Science, Volume 99, p133-143, Elsevier (2016), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.12.006 [21] R Vinoth, P Karthik, K Devan, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 35, Part B, p655-663, Elsevier (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.10.065 [22] Sadiq Sani, Rohana Adnan , Wen-Da Oh, Anwar Iqbal, Nanomaterials, Volume
[25] Adimule V, Yallur BC, Bhowmik D, & Gowda AHJ, Materials in Electronics 32(9):2164-12181, Journal of Materials Science(2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05845-2 [26] Adimule V, Bhowmik D, & Gowda AH, In Macromolecular Symposia Vol 400 No 1:2100065,(2021), https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202100065 [27] Filip Ambroz, Thomas J, Macdonald Vladimir, Small Methods, Volume 3, Issue 11, 1800173, Advanced Science News (2018), DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800173 [28] Thammanoon Sreethawong, Supachai Ngamsinlapasathian, Susumu Yoshikawa, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 192, p292-300, Elsevier (2012), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.006 [29] Ajit Sharma, Byeong-Kyutee, J Environ Manage, Journal of Environmental Management, 181, p563-573, Elsevier (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.016 [30] Yuan-Chang Liang *, Nian-Cih Xu and Kai-Jen Chiang, Nanomaterials 9(12):1651, MDPI (2019), DOI:10.3390/nano9121651 [31] Mohammad Baugher Gholivand, Yadollah Yamini, Journal of
Chemical Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 1,p529-540, Elsevier(2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.01.011 [32] Adil Denizil, Ridvan say.
, Nadia Morin-Crini, Francois Renault, Pierre-Marie Badot, Journal of Hazardous materials, Volume157, Issue1, p34-46, Elsevier(2008), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.072 [39] Jianlong wang, Xuan Guo, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 390, 122156, Elsevier (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122156 [40] Emmanuel D Revellance, Dhan Lord Portela, Wayne Sharp, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, Volume 1, 100032, Elsevier (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2020.100032 [41] M Rajeswari Kulkarni, T Revanth, Anirudh Acharya, Prasad Bhat, Resource-Efficient Technologies, Volume3, Issue 1, p71-77, Elsevier (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reffit.2017.01.009 [42] Adimule V, Yallur B.C & Keri R, Top Catal(2022), Springer Nature(2022), http://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-022-01574-w [43] A Gnanaprakasam, V M Sivakumar, M Thirumarimurugan, Indian Journal of Material Science, Volume 2015, Article ID 601827, Hindawai Publication (2015), https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/601827
Vinoth, P Karthik, K Devan, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 35, Part B, p655-663, Elsevier (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.03.005; [17] Mohammed A, Mannaa, Khaled F, Qasim, Fares T, ACS Omega, 6,45, p30386-30400, ACS Publications (2021), doi/10.1021/acsomega.1c03693 [18] Lan Ching Sim, Kai Wern Ng, Shaliza Ibrahim, and Pichiah Saravanan, International Journal of Photpenergy, Volume 2013, Article ID 659013, Hindawi Publication (2013), https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/659013 [19] Michael Bushell, Suzanne Beau Chemin, Filip Kunc, Nanomaterials, 10(9), MDPI (2020) https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091812 [20] Otmar Schmid, Tobias Stoeger, Journal of Aerosol Science, Volume 99, p133-143, Elsevier (2016), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.12.006 [21] R Vinoth, P Karthik, K Devan, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 35, Part B, p655-663, Elsevier (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.10.065 [22] Sadiq Sani, Rohana Adnan , Wen-Da Oh, Anwar Iqbal, Nanomaterials, Volume
[25] Adimule V, Yallur BC, Bhowmik D, & Gowda AHJ, Materials in Electronics 32(9):2164-12181, Journal of Materials Science(2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05845-2 [26] Adimule V, Bhowmik D, & Gowda AH, In Macromolecular Symposia Vol 400 No 1:2100065,(2021), https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202100065 [27] Filip Ambroz, Thomas J, Macdonald Vladimir, Small Methods, Volume 3, Issue 11, 1800173, Advanced Science News (2018), DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800173 [28] Thammanoon Sreethawong, Supachai Ngamsinlapasathian, Susumu Yoshikawa, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 192, p292-300, Elsevier (2012), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.006 [29] Ajit Sharma, Byeong-Kyutee, J Environ Manage, Journal of Environmental Management, 181, p563-573, Elsevier (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.016 [30] Yuan-Chang Liang *, Nian-Cih Xu and Kai-Jen Chiang, Nanomaterials 9(12):1651, MDPI (2019), DOI:10.3390/nano9121651 [31] Mohammad Baugher Gholivand, Yadollah Yamini, Journal of
Chemical Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 1,p529-540, Elsevier(2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.01.011 [32] Adil Denizil, Ridvan say.
, Nadia Morin-Crini, Francois Renault, Pierre-Marie Badot, Journal of Hazardous materials, Volume157, Issue1, p34-46, Elsevier(2008), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.072 [39] Jianlong wang, Xuan Guo, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 390, 122156, Elsevier (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122156 [40] Emmanuel D Revellance, Dhan Lord Portela, Wayne Sharp, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, Volume 1, 100032, Elsevier (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2020.100032 [41] M Rajeswari Kulkarni, T Revanth, Anirudh Acharya, Prasad Bhat, Resource-Efficient Technologies, Volume3, Issue 1, p71-77, Elsevier (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reffit.2017.01.009 [42] Adimule V, Yallur B.C & Keri R, Top Catal(2022), Springer Nature(2022), http://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-022-01574-w [43] A Gnanaprakasam, V M Sivakumar, M Thirumarimurugan, Indian Journal of Material Science, Volume 2015, Article ID 601827, Hindawai Publication (2015), https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/601827
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Seshadri Seetharaman, Bharath Nidambur Ballal, Nurni N. Viswanathan
Mass Diffusion in Process Metallurgy
Viswanathan Neelakantan Nurni1,a, Bharath Nidambur Ballal2,b
and Seshadri Seetharaman3,c
1Professor, Centre of Excellence in Steel Technology (CoEST), Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India and
Visiting Professor, Metals and Minerals Processing Laboratory, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden
2Professor, Centre of Excellence in Steel Technology (CoEST), Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
3Distinguished Visiting Professor, Centre of Excellence in Steel Technology (CoEST), Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India and
Professor Emeritus, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
avichu@iitb.ac.in , b nbb@iitb.ac.in, c raman@kth.se
Keywords: Diffusion, Mass Transfer, Kirkdenall Effect, Measurements, Diffusivity, Substituional
In addition, if the crystalline solid is ionic (generally seen in ceramic systems) the charge neutrality brings an additional factor which needs to be taken into cognizance while analyzing diffusive transport.
In convective mass transfer, there are two situations of engineering interest: – Concentration variations within a flowing fluid body, as in distributing alloying elements within a steel bath held in a ladle with argon stirring
Authors therefore opine that a materials process engineer, who desires to distribute species in gaseous, liquid and solid systems using the principles of diffusion, needs to appreciate this commonality of the phenomenological equations describing diffusion phenomena. 2) Diffusion measurements have been carried out extensively in the case of metallic and ceramic systems.
Seetharaman, Modelling of Physico-Chemical Phenomena between Gas inside a Bubble and Liquid Metal during Injection of Oxidant Gas, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 8, (2009) Article A33.
In addition, if the crystalline solid is ionic (generally seen in ceramic systems) the charge neutrality brings an additional factor which needs to be taken into cognizance while analyzing diffusive transport.
In convective mass transfer, there are two situations of engineering interest: – Concentration variations within a flowing fluid body, as in distributing alloying elements within a steel bath held in a ladle with argon stirring
Authors therefore opine that a materials process engineer, who desires to distribute species in gaseous, liquid and solid systems using the principles of diffusion, needs to appreciate this commonality of the phenomenological equations describing diffusion phenomena. 2) Diffusion measurements have been carried out extensively in the case of metallic and ceramic systems.
Seetharaman, Modelling of Physico-Chemical Phenomena between Gas inside a Bubble and Liquid Metal during Injection of Oxidant Gas, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 8, (2009) Article A33.
Online since: February 2024
Authors: Sunday Adeniran Afolalu, Ayodeji K. Ogundana
Afolalu2,3,b
1Geology Department, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
2Mechanical Engineering Department, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
3Department of Mechanical Engineering Science.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 320, 128772
Habitat International, 79, 18-29
Engineering-based modelling experiences of elementary gifted students: An example of bridge construction.
Journal of Building Engineering, 67, 105976
Journal of Cleaner Production, 320, 128772
Habitat International, 79, 18-29
Engineering-based modelling experiences of elementary gifted students: An example of bridge construction.
Journal of Building Engineering, 67, 105976
Online since: January 2024
Authors: Micheal Alabi
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 11, ((2017), 2476-2485
Journal of Tissue Engineering, Vol. 9. ((2018)).
International Journal of Lean Thinking, 3, 1 (2012), 199 – 138
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 04,02 (2015): 1-5.
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11,3 (2018), 1114 - 1124
Journal of Tissue Engineering, Vol. 9. ((2018)).
International Journal of Lean Thinking, 3, 1 (2012), 199 – 138
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 04,02 (2015): 1-5.
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11,3 (2018), 1114 - 1124
Online since: August 2019
Authors: Ramez A. Al-Mansob, Mohd Raihan Taha, Jamal M.A. Alsharef, Panbarasi Govindasamy
Al-Mansob3,
Panbarasi Govindasamy4
1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science & Technology, Sebha University, Libya.
2Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Faculty of Engineering, Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4Civil Engineering Dept, Politeknik Ungku Omar, Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Alsharef, "Performance of soil stabilized with carbon nanomaterials," Chemical Engineering Transactions, pp. 757-762: Italian Association of Chemical Engineering-AIDIC, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863127 [3] M.
Alsharef, “Effect of Dispersion of Nanomaterial on Adhesion Properties of Soil using Atomic Force Microscopy,” International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 8-12, 2018/6/12, 2018
Sorrell, “The effects of carboxylic acids on the aqueous dispersion and electrophoretic deposition of ZrO 2,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 235-244, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.08.015 [19] A.
Jin, “Response surface optimization of photocatalytic process for degradation of Congo Red using H-titanate nanofiber catalyst,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 156, no. 2, pp. 278-285, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.017
Alsharef, "Performance of soil stabilized with carbon nanomaterials," Chemical Engineering Transactions, pp. 757-762: Italian Association of Chemical Engineering-AIDIC, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863127 [3] M.
Alsharef, “Effect of Dispersion of Nanomaterial on Adhesion Properties of Soil using Atomic Force Microscopy,” International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 8-12, 2018/6/12, 2018
Sorrell, “The effects of carboxylic acids on the aqueous dispersion and electrophoretic deposition of ZrO 2,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 235-244, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.08.015 [19] A.
Jin, “Response surface optimization of photocatalytic process for degradation of Congo Red using H-titanate nanofiber catalyst,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 156, no. 2, pp. 278-285, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.017
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Y. K. Chen, R. K. Calay, Y Xu, R. B. Khokhar
Calay3, d
1 Department of BSRS,Mehran University of Engineering and Technology,
Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan,
2 School of Engineering and Technology,
University of Hertfordshire, UK,
3 Faculty of Engineering &Technology,
University College Narvik 8505, Norway.
Furthermore, the flow through a porous media of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is aninteresting subject matter of industrial importance andparticularly in various engineering problems.
Examples of these industrial and engineering applications arepetroleum industrial applications such as enhanced oil recovery,crude oil extraction, electronic cooling, transpiration cooling, drying processes, thermal insulations, porous bearing, solar collectors, heat pipes, nuclear reactors,groundwater flow, chemical reactors, packed bed reactors,biomechanics, ceramic processing, chromatography, Food, Pharmaceutical, biotechnology, filtration process, geothermal engineering, insulation, and many others [ 2,3, 25].
Acknowledgements The first author acknowledges the financial support under faculty development program from HEC and Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Aldos, “The effect of the macroscopic local inertial term on the non-Newtonian flow in channels filled with porous medium”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47, 125-133, 2004
Furthermore, the flow through a porous media of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is aninteresting subject matter of industrial importance andparticularly in various engineering problems.
Examples of these industrial and engineering applications arepetroleum industrial applications such as enhanced oil recovery,crude oil extraction, electronic cooling, transpiration cooling, drying processes, thermal insulations, porous bearing, solar collectors, heat pipes, nuclear reactors,groundwater flow, chemical reactors, packed bed reactors,biomechanics, ceramic processing, chromatography, Food, Pharmaceutical, biotechnology, filtration process, geothermal engineering, insulation, and many others [ 2,3, 25].
Acknowledgements The first author acknowledges the financial support under faculty development program from HEC and Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Aldos, “The effect of the macroscopic local inertial term on the non-Newtonian flow in channels filled with porous medium”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47, 125-133, 2004