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Online since: March 2012
Authors: Zhi Hui Zhang, Rui Jie Liu
Green-efficiency Assessment of Chinese Industry Based on Principal Component Analysis and Super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis
Ruijie LIU1, Zhihui ZHANG1
1 Dept of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Keywords: Industry, Principal Component Analysis, Super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis, Green-efficiency Assessment
Abstract.
Evaluation Methods Super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis.
Adopting principal component analysis in dimension reduction can overcome the limitations of DEA input-output indicators, make full use of available data, and avoid subjective factors in the selection of indicators.
As the DEA model requires the input-output data to be positive number, and a negative number will exist in the principal component analysis result, so there is a need of conversion to turn all the data positive and ensure the relative gap between data of different years unchanged.
By utilizing the data of Chinese industrial input-output indicators in Table 2 as an example, the super-efficiency DEA model calculates the Chinese industrial green efficiency.
Evaluation Methods Super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis.
Adopting principal component analysis in dimension reduction can overcome the limitations of DEA input-output indicators, make full use of available data, and avoid subjective factors in the selection of indicators.
As the DEA model requires the input-output data to be positive number, and a negative number will exist in the principal component analysis result, so there is a need of conversion to turn all the data positive and ensure the relative gap between data of different years unchanged.
By utilizing the data of Chinese industrial input-output indicators in Table 2 as an example, the super-efficiency DEA model calculates the Chinese industrial green efficiency.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Ting Fang Yang, Zao Xi Yu, Dan Zheng
All catalysts are prepared by impregnation reduction method and characterized by XRD and TEM.
Catalyst Ag/C has higher catalytic activity to H2O2 electro-reduction [7].
Preparation of electro-catalysts 10% Ag/C catalysts was prepared by impregnation-reduction method.
The data tell us that elevating temperature and increasing the proportion of Ag can contribute to improving the catalytic activity of Pt-Ag/C catalysts.
Conclusions Six catalysts with different atomic Pt/Ag ratio were prepared by impregnation-reduction method.
Catalyst Ag/C has higher catalytic activity to H2O2 electro-reduction [7].
Preparation of electro-catalysts 10% Ag/C catalysts was prepared by impregnation-reduction method.
The data tell us that elevating temperature and increasing the proportion of Ag can contribute to improving the catalytic activity of Pt-Ag/C catalysts.
Conclusions Six catalysts with different atomic Pt/Ag ratio were prepared by impregnation-reduction method.
Online since: February 2009
Authors: P.O. Aiyedun, O.J. Alamu, Nurudeen O. Adekunle
The required input data are rolling
speed, roll radius, furnace temperature, initial and final height of the specimen, and specimen width.
Experimental Data used in validating the new hot rolling simulation was obtained through preliminary metallographic, hot torsion tests, and hot rolling experiments performed on the as-received wrought AISI316 (with Nb, V and Ti inclusions) in the temperature range (600-1200) OC and strain rate range of (3.6X10-3 - 1.4) s-1.
Program Validation The hot rolling experiment performed on AISI316 provided a data base for assessment of the validity of the simulated model.
Fig.2: Effect of Reduction on Yield Stress distribution at Low and High Strain Rates 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 0.94 1.94 2.94 3.94 4.94 5.94 6.94 7.96 8.96 9.96 10.96 11.96 12.96 13.96 14.96 15.96 Specimen Height, mm Yield Stress for Load Calculation H37, Strain Rate = 0.08, Reduction = 6.27% H39, Strain Rate = 0.08, Reduction = 14.54% H41, Strain Rate = 0.09, Reduction = 19.35% H43, Strain Rate = 0.09, Reduction = 22.77% H38, Strain Rate = 1.00, Reduction = 6.67% H40, Strain Rate = 1.17, Reduction = 15.21% H42, Strain Rate = 1.28, Reduction = 20.15% H44, Strain Rate = 1.37, Reduction = 24.43% Fig. 3, revealed a uniform pattern of rolling load distribution with specimen through-thickness from the rolling surfaces.
Also, the ratio of experimental to estimated roll load and torque were higher at lower reduction than at higher reduction.
Experimental Data used in validating the new hot rolling simulation was obtained through preliminary metallographic, hot torsion tests, and hot rolling experiments performed on the as-received wrought AISI316 (with Nb, V and Ti inclusions) in the temperature range (600-1200) OC and strain rate range of (3.6X10-3 - 1.4) s-1.
Program Validation The hot rolling experiment performed on AISI316 provided a data base for assessment of the validity of the simulated model.
Fig.2: Effect of Reduction on Yield Stress distribution at Low and High Strain Rates 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 0.94 1.94 2.94 3.94 4.94 5.94 6.94 7.96 8.96 9.96 10.96 11.96 12.96 13.96 14.96 15.96 Specimen Height, mm Yield Stress for Load Calculation H37, Strain Rate = 0.08, Reduction = 6.27% H39, Strain Rate = 0.08, Reduction = 14.54% H41, Strain Rate = 0.09, Reduction = 19.35% H43, Strain Rate = 0.09, Reduction = 22.77% H38, Strain Rate = 1.00, Reduction = 6.67% H40, Strain Rate = 1.17, Reduction = 15.21% H42, Strain Rate = 1.28, Reduction = 20.15% H44, Strain Rate = 1.37, Reduction = 24.43% Fig. 3, revealed a uniform pattern of rolling load distribution with specimen through-thickness from the rolling surfaces.
Also, the ratio of experimental to estimated roll load and torque were higher at lower reduction than at higher reduction.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Anton Puškár, Milan Vanc
Abstract
Experimental tasks formulation, an input reductions and experiment realizations contain scientific methods of physical effects and the relation of physical quantities followed by an objective evaluation of experimental data and results generalization using the theory of similarity.
Aerodynamic experimental data evaluation. 6.
Experimental aerodynamic data evaluation The experimental data evaluation aim is the maximum compression of the information gathered by the experiment realization in following the evaluation objectivity. 6.
The model task solution and the data transfer from teh model to work.
There are other criteria that can be used to select data points, e. g. estimates intependence.
Aerodynamic experimental data evaluation. 6.
Experimental aerodynamic data evaluation The experimental data evaluation aim is the maximum compression of the information gathered by the experiment realization in following the evaluation objectivity. 6.
The model task solution and the data transfer from teh model to work.
There are other criteria that can be used to select data points, e. g. estimates intependence.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jian Hua Xiao, Xue Hui Li, Le Fu Wang
Mn/Ba/Al2O3 indicated high activity of NO oxidation and NOx storage in the oxidation-storage reaction and certain reduction activity in the storage-reduction reaction.
Table 1 Catalyst formulations Catalyst Pt loading/% Ba loading/% Mn loading/% Mn/Ba/Al2O3 — 15.0 5.0 Pt/Ba/Al2O3 1.0 15.0 — Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3 0.5 15.0 5.0 Mn/Ba/Al2O3+Pt/Ba/Al2O3 0.5 15.0 5.0 2.2 NO Oxidation-storage The NO oxidation-storage activity data were obtained using a conventional fixed-bed flow reactor at atmospheric pressure.
The storage-reduction reaction performed 2 h, namely 10 cycles.
NOx storage-reduction catalysts for gasoline engines.
NOx storage-reduction over combined catalyst Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3.
Table 1 Catalyst formulations Catalyst Pt loading/% Ba loading/% Mn loading/% Mn/Ba/Al2O3 — 15.0 5.0 Pt/Ba/Al2O3 1.0 15.0 — Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3 0.5 15.0 5.0 Mn/Ba/Al2O3+Pt/Ba/Al2O3 0.5 15.0 5.0 2.2 NO Oxidation-storage The NO oxidation-storage activity data were obtained using a conventional fixed-bed flow reactor at atmospheric pressure.
The storage-reduction reaction performed 2 h, namely 10 cycles.
NOx storage-reduction catalysts for gasoline engines.
NOx storage-reduction over combined catalyst Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Jun Chang, Wei Liu, Tao Li
As one of the efficient means of data acquisition, remote sensing data play an important role in many areas of life through the development of technology and the improvement of spatial resolution.
In this paper, the application of remote sensing data on dynamic monitoring of coastline in the Yellow River Delta was analyzed.
Data and Methods The data used in this paper are fourteen scenes remote sensing images of the Yellow River delta from 1996 to 2011, which is shown in Table 1 and 1:50,000 scale topographic map of Dongying.
Fig. 2 Location of the study area (1) Study area of the Diaokou Estuary The length of the coastline in the Diaokou part has a linear reduction during 14 years from 1996 to 2011, from 78.78km in 1996 to 63.33km in 2011, with an average reduction rate in 0.96km/a.
(2) Through interpreted the multi-temporal remote sensing data could get the exact image of coastline, and provided data support for coastline changing trends research
In this paper, the application of remote sensing data on dynamic monitoring of coastline in the Yellow River Delta was analyzed.
Data and Methods The data used in this paper are fourteen scenes remote sensing images of the Yellow River delta from 1996 to 2011, which is shown in Table 1 and 1:50,000 scale topographic map of Dongying.
Fig. 2 Location of the study area (1) Study area of the Diaokou Estuary The length of the coastline in the Diaokou part has a linear reduction during 14 years from 1996 to 2011, from 78.78km in 1996 to 63.33km in 2011, with an average reduction rate in 0.96km/a.
(2) Through interpreted the multi-temporal remote sensing data could get the exact image of coastline, and provided data support for coastline changing trends research
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Naveed Ur Rehman, Lei Zhang, Muhammad Zahid Hammad, Emmanuel Anania Mwangosi
The rapid growth within the field of digital communication during the recent years expanded the need for high-speed data transmission to support a wide range of services such as: video, data and voice in wireless communication systems, etc.
One data symbol is modulated into a group of adjacent sub carriers with a group of weighting coefficients.
In a basic communication system, the data are modulated onto a single carrier frequency.
If the data symbol “a” is modulated into the 1st sub-carrier, then “-a” is modulated into the 2nd sub-carrier.
Then the resultant data sequence is used for making symbol decision.
One data symbol is modulated into a group of adjacent sub carriers with a group of weighting coefficients.
In a basic communication system, the data are modulated onto a single carrier frequency.
If the data symbol “a” is modulated into the 1st sub-carrier, then “-a” is modulated into the 2nd sub-carrier.
Then the resultant data sequence is used for making symbol decision.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Zhi Jian Xiao, Jian Hua Xu, Adan Zhuang
Reduction Design for Corrugated box——Local Composite Strengthening Technology
XU Jianhua1,2,XIAO Zhijian1 ,Zhuang Adan1
1.
The study will provide some guidance to the reduction design of the corrugated box.
Among numerous reduction design proposals of corrugated boxes, the local composite and fiber strengthening technology of corrugated boards is a typical process of reduction design of corrugated boxes.
Here, matching design is temporarily conducted by consulting data in standards of GB 13023-91 and GB/T3024-2003.
XIAO Zhi-jian.Current Status of Design and Manufacting of Corrugated Fiberboard (Box) for Reduction[J].
The study will provide some guidance to the reduction design of the corrugated box.
Among numerous reduction design proposals of corrugated boxes, the local composite and fiber strengthening technology of corrugated boards is a typical process of reduction design of corrugated boxes.
Here, matching design is temporarily conducted by consulting data in standards of GB 13023-91 and GB/T3024-2003.
XIAO Zhi-jian.Current Status of Design and Manufacting of Corrugated Fiberboard (Box) for Reduction[J].
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Shou Guang Sun, Xin Hua Zhang, Lei Ming Song
The effectiveness of noise reduction of the noise barrier can be affected by many factors.
The data indicates that noise reduction results of noise barrier of the viaduct are generally relatively lower than expected.
The effects of the viaduct and noise barrier vibration on the noise reduction of the noise barrier are studied using the combination of the test data and a real viaduct and noise barrier.
The analysis of the noise reduction amount of the noise barrier.
Therefore, the noise reduction result of the noise barrier reduce 2.3dBA because of the influence of viaduct sound radiation, the impact on noise reduction result of the noise barrier is remarkable.
The data indicates that noise reduction results of noise barrier of the viaduct are generally relatively lower than expected.
The effects of the viaduct and noise barrier vibration on the noise reduction of the noise barrier are studied using the combination of the test data and a real viaduct and noise barrier.
The analysis of the noise reduction amount of the noise barrier.
Therefore, the noise reduction result of the noise barrier reduce 2.3dBA because of the influence of viaduct sound radiation, the impact on noise reduction result of the noise barrier is remarkable.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jian Ming Cui, Yan Xin Ye
Intermediate K2 output data set is then sorted, and generate a new to collection, which makes all the values of the data corresponding to the same key all together.
After every Map completion of the task execution, not in a hurry to have a modifier key / value pairs to write data block file, wait for the member function call the combine, and then they have local reduction operation as an input.
The comparison of the two MapReduce algorithm for data classification experiments, the use of data by type of training method effectively improve the speedup can be found.
After the experimental data show that the entire data classification accuracy and classification efficiency has been greatly improved.
Therefore, the next work for the introduction of a new classification algorithm massive data classification research, to further improve the efficiency and accuracy of the massive data classification.
After every Map completion of the task execution, not in a hurry to have a modifier key / value pairs to write data block file, wait for the member function call the combine, and then they have local reduction operation as an input.
The comparison of the two MapReduce algorithm for data classification experiments, the use of data by type of training method effectively improve the speedup can be found.
After the experimental data show that the entire data classification accuracy and classification efficiency has been greatly improved.
Therefore, the next work for the introduction of a new classification algorithm massive data classification research, to further improve the efficiency and accuracy of the massive data classification.