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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Shao Rui Sun, Ye Xu Lu, Ji Min Wu, Shao Hua Zhang
Surrounding rock parameters corresponding to monitoring data were analyzed by using of back analysis method.
Analysis of monitoring data in the field 2.1 Engineering situation Fenghuang mountain tunnel is located in Suzhou city in China.
(c) The rationality of finite element analysis has been proved when comparing the calculating results and the monitoring data.
The monitoring data are shown in figure 9.
The monitoring data are shown in figure 10.
Analysis of monitoring data in the field 2.1 Engineering situation Fenghuang mountain tunnel is located in Suzhou city in China.
(c) The rationality of finite element analysis has been proved when comparing the calculating results and the monitoring data.
The monitoring data are shown in figure 9.
The monitoring data are shown in figure 10.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Ekathai Wirojsakunchai, Sirichai Jirawongnuson, Worathep Wachirapan, Tul Suthiprasert
Increasing O2 concentration can also improve the catalytic reduction efficiency.
It is clearly seen from both figures that once the engine is switched to DF-PCCI mode, CO emissions are substantially higher and OEM DOC is ineffective while exhaust temperatures from each combustion modes are very similar (data are not shown here but the reader can find more details in [8]).
Ranges of each parameters employing in DOE are chosen based on data from NEDC.
However, if exhaust temperature is up to 250oC, CO reduction efficiency can reach up to 100 % (case12-15) as well.
Reduction efficiency significantly improves after exhaust temperature is up to 250oC.
It is clearly seen from both figures that once the engine is switched to DF-PCCI mode, CO emissions are substantially higher and OEM DOC is ineffective while exhaust temperatures from each combustion modes are very similar (data are not shown here but the reader can find more details in [8]).
Ranges of each parameters employing in DOE are chosen based on data from NEDC.
However, if exhaust temperature is up to 250oC, CO reduction efficiency can reach up to 100 % (case12-15) as well.
Reduction efficiency significantly improves after exhaust temperature is up to 250oC.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Wen Long Lu, Chun Xin Dong, Ji Ying Zou, Jing Hai Guo, Hui Liu, Ying Hua Li
The performance of these catalysts for NOx reduction with CO is shown in Fig. 3.
The order of catalytic activity in the reduction of NOx with CO was Pd>Ir>Rh.
Reduction of NOx over 2.0 wt.% Pd/TiO2/Al2O3 with various TiO2 loadings.
BET data of every sample are listed in Table 1.
BET data of various samples Samples BET area (m2/g) Pore volume (cm3/g) Pore size (Å) γ-Al2O3 264 0.51 74.6 10 wt.% TiO2/Al2O3 230 0.42 69.6 15 wt.% TiO2/Al2O3 154 0.41 103.2 2.0 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 219 0.44 76.9 2.0 wt.% Pd/TiO2/Al2O3 187 0.42 85.7 2.0 wt.% Ir/Al2O3 212 0.43 78.2 2.0 wt.% Ir/TiO2/Al2O3 182 0.41 85.6 2.0 wt.% Rh/Al2O3 237 0.50 80.4 2.0 wt.% Rh/TiO2/Al2O3 209 0.47 85.2 Conclusions The sequence of catalytic activity for the NOx reduction in the CO-rich conditions of simulated post Euro-Ⅳ diesel emissions at low temperature was Pd>Ir>Rh.
The order of catalytic activity in the reduction of NOx with CO was Pd>Ir>Rh.
Reduction of NOx over 2.0 wt.% Pd/TiO2/Al2O3 with various TiO2 loadings.
BET data of every sample are listed in Table 1.
BET data of various samples Samples BET area (m2/g) Pore volume (cm3/g) Pore size (Å) γ-Al2O3 264 0.51 74.6 10 wt.% TiO2/Al2O3 230 0.42 69.6 15 wt.% TiO2/Al2O3 154 0.41 103.2 2.0 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 219 0.44 76.9 2.0 wt.% Pd/TiO2/Al2O3 187 0.42 85.7 2.0 wt.% Ir/Al2O3 212 0.43 78.2 2.0 wt.% Ir/TiO2/Al2O3 182 0.41 85.6 2.0 wt.% Rh/Al2O3 237 0.50 80.4 2.0 wt.% Rh/TiO2/Al2O3 209 0.47 85.2 Conclusions The sequence of catalytic activity for the NOx reduction in the CO-rich conditions of simulated post Euro-Ⅳ diesel emissions at low temperature was Pd>Ir>Rh.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Xian Zheng Gong, Yao Li, Zhi Hong Wang, Yu Liu, Fei Fei Shi
These data include resource consumption, energy consumption and carbon emissions as shown in Table 1.
The data of energy consumption and carbon emission on the extraction of limestone, clay and sandstone were obtained from Eco-invent data base [8].
For gypsum mining, the data developed by Ma [9] was adopted.
In addition, the data of steel production were derived from the study carried out by Wang [10].
The data of raw coal mining and crude oil extraction were from Sinocenter data-base [14].
The data of energy consumption and carbon emission on the extraction of limestone, clay and sandstone were obtained from Eco-invent data base [8].
For gypsum mining, the data developed by Ma [9] was adopted.
In addition, the data of steel production were derived from the study carried out by Wang [10].
The data of raw coal mining and crude oil extraction were from Sinocenter data-base [14].
Online since: January 2016
Authors: Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Rizafizah Othaman, Fairous Salleh, Alinda Samsuri, Mohd Ambar Yarmo
The reduction behaviour of tungsten oxide have been studied by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The reduction behavior was examined by a nonisothermal reduction up to 900 ºC then continued with isothermal reduction at 900 ºC for 15, 30 and 45 min time under (40% v/v) carbon monoxide in nitrogen (CO in N2) atmosphere.
For identification purposes of crystalline phase composition, diffraction pattern obtained were matched with standard diffraction data (JCPDS) files.
Reduction step WO3 → WO2.92 was not detected due to low signal.
The reduction was varied with different reaction holding time.
The reduction behavior was examined by a nonisothermal reduction up to 900 ºC then continued with isothermal reduction at 900 ºC for 15, 30 and 45 min time under (40% v/v) carbon monoxide in nitrogen (CO in N2) atmosphere.
For identification purposes of crystalline phase composition, diffraction pattern obtained were matched with standard diffraction data (JCPDS) files.
Reduction step WO3 → WO2.92 was not detected due to low signal.
The reduction was varied with different reaction holding time.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jian Ming Cui, Yan Xin Ye
Intermediate K2 output data set is then sorted, and generate a new to collection, which makes all the values of the data corresponding to the same key all together.
After every Map completion of the task execution, not in a hurry to have a modifier key / value pairs to write data block file, wait for the member function call the combine, and then they have local reduction operation as an input.
The comparison of the two MapReduce algorithm for data classification experiments, the use of data by type of training method effectively improve the speedup can be found.
After the experimental data show that the entire data classification accuracy and classification efficiency has been greatly improved.
Therefore, the next work for the introduction of a new classification algorithm massive data classification research, to further improve the efficiency and accuracy of the massive data classification.
After every Map completion of the task execution, not in a hurry to have a modifier key / value pairs to write data block file, wait for the member function call the combine, and then they have local reduction operation as an input.
The comparison of the two MapReduce algorithm for data classification experiments, the use of data by type of training method effectively improve the speedup can be found.
After the experimental data show that the entire data classification accuracy and classification efficiency has been greatly improved.
Therefore, the next work for the introduction of a new classification algorithm massive data classification research, to further improve the efficiency and accuracy of the massive data classification.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Kang Guk Lee, Seung Jo Lee
Evaluation of CO2 reduction
CO2 reduction in the green building is the most important point in the minimization of overall energy use.
Recommendation of the construction process for green buildings Planning Planning is to establish the conceptual design strategy by setting the building’s target goal and collecting basic data.
Land analysis can be divided into humanity, society and nature status analysis and should be used as basic data to develop alternatives by evaluating the land’s potential.
After land analysis, basic data are collected for energy saving element technology and renewable energy technology.
Basic planning In this stage, micro-climate and the applicability and potential of element technology are analyzed, and relevant standards and data are studied.
Recommendation of the construction process for green buildings Planning Planning is to establish the conceptual design strategy by setting the building’s target goal and collecting basic data.
Land analysis can be divided into humanity, society and nature status analysis and should be used as basic data to develop alternatives by evaluating the land’s potential.
After land analysis, basic data are collected for energy saving element technology and renewable energy technology.
Basic planning In this stage, micro-climate and the applicability and potential of element technology are analyzed, and relevant standards and data are studied.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yu Miao, Yan Hong, Yue Ming Li, Zhu Mei Wang, Run Hua Liao, Zong Yang Shen
EDS spectrum of PSC and NZVI/PSC: A, PSC; B, NZVI/PSC
3.2 Nitrate reduction
For the reduction performance of NZVI/PSC and the adsorption performance of PSC, the performanc was change with time in Fig. 4.
Huang et al. [30] suggested that the stoichiometry of nitrate reduction in their experiments could be described by Eq.(1).
The reason why the content iron of PSC has practically no nitrate reducing ability can be explained by the fact that the iron in PSC is mainly iron oxide which was less, and it is consistent with the results of XRD, SEM-EDS data for PSC as described in the section of characterization of PSC.
As expected, the more reduction takes place, the higher the pH of the solution rises.
During the nitrate reduction, the solution pH of the nitrate reduction increased rapidly to 9-10 within a few minutes after the beginning of the reaction and remained between 9-10 throughout the reaction for the NZVI/PSC. while the reaction with PSC resulted in the least pH change.
Huang et al. [30] suggested that the stoichiometry of nitrate reduction in their experiments could be described by Eq.(1).
The reason why the content iron of PSC has practically no nitrate reducing ability can be explained by the fact that the iron in PSC is mainly iron oxide which was less, and it is consistent with the results of XRD, SEM-EDS data for PSC as described in the section of characterization of PSC.
As expected, the more reduction takes place, the higher the pH of the solution rises.
During the nitrate reduction, the solution pH of the nitrate reduction increased rapidly to 9-10 within a few minutes after the beginning of the reaction and remained between 9-10 throughout the reaction for the NZVI/PSC. while the reaction with PSC resulted in the least pH change.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Peng Li He
Research on the Orthogonal Test of Tunnel Supporting Parameters Based on the Finite Element Strength Reduction Method
Pengli He
Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology Luoyang Hena 471023 China
hepengli2003@126.com
Key words: orthogonal test; strength reduction finite element; safety factor; numerical simulation; support parameters
Abstract: In this thesis, considering the double-hole parallel tunnel engineering with super-small interval, the optimization of designed supporting parameters are studied by the strength reduction finite element method.
Strength reduction orthogonal test method of finite element Finite element strength reduction [1-2] is through the strength reduction to analyze the structure stability, until the structure to achieve critical state so far, this time the reduction coefficient is safety coefficient required by the structure.
The tunnel overall safety coefficient can be got by finite element strength reduction computation under each of the supporting conditions.
But the comparability between the test data will be found if they are fit together.
Based on the finite element strength reduction of double holes parallel tunnel construction simulation and parameters optimization design [D], 2005, (in Chinese) [6] Rongheng Sun.
Strength reduction orthogonal test method of finite element Finite element strength reduction [1-2] is through the strength reduction to analyze the structure stability, until the structure to achieve critical state so far, this time the reduction coefficient is safety coefficient required by the structure.
The tunnel overall safety coefficient can be got by finite element strength reduction computation under each of the supporting conditions.
But the comparability between the test data will be found if they are fit together.
Based on the finite element strength reduction of double holes parallel tunnel construction simulation and parameters optimization design [D], 2005, (in Chinese) [6] Rongheng Sun.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Xian Zheng Gong, Chen Li, Xian Ce Meng, Su Ping Cui, Zhen Guo Peng, Yu Liu
The inventory data of Chinese cement production were selected without denitration technology applications at that time.
They argued that the CO2 was a hotspot of environmental impact in cement manufacturing due to the global warming problem did not analyze the significance of NOx emissions reduction technology in China where the implementation of advanced technology such as selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which have not gained its popularity yet.
The denitration technology, i.e. selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are analyzed.
Data collection and source.
For selective catalytic reduction (SCR), the NOx reduction reaction takes place as the gases pass through the catalyst chamber.
They argued that the CO2 was a hotspot of environmental impact in cement manufacturing due to the global warming problem did not analyze the significance of NOx emissions reduction technology in China where the implementation of advanced technology such as selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which have not gained its popularity yet.
The denitration technology, i.e. selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are analyzed.
Data collection and source.
For selective catalytic reduction (SCR), the NOx reduction reaction takes place as the gases pass through the catalyst chamber.