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All of the data was then sent to a data acquisition computer for analysis.
This could be attributed to more reduction in grinding forces under cryogenic cooling at higher depth of cut.
The measurement results show that the profile longitudinal parameter values, such as Ry, Rq, Ra and Rz reduction of about 30%-50% in comparation with the oil-based coolant.
The effects could be attributed not only effective temperature control but also to a desirable reduction in grinding forces.
A reduction of about 30%~ 50% of the longitudinal parameter values could be realized by the application of the liquid nitrogen grinding the nickel based superalloy

In the proposed method, and can be directly obtained from the measured data using the parameter identification technique, for instance, the ERA [19] technique (for free vibration response) and the NExT [20]-ERA technique (for response under ambient excitation).
General description Description of damage cases 1 2 Single damage case k8: 20% reduction of stiffness k17: 20% reduction of stiffness 3 4 Multiple-damage cases k5 and k9: 20% reduction of stiffness k4, k7 and k16: 20% reduction of stiffness Single Damage Cases.
Chung, A study on crack detection using eigenfrequency test data, Computers & Structures. 77(3) (2000) 327-342
Pappa, An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. 8(5) (1985) 620-627

This research work will complement the ultrasonic-stress reduction theory and may contribute to the development of micro electroforming technology.
Measurement data were smoothed and fitted by origin data analysis software in calculative process.
Our experimental datas are consistent with those results.
This indicates that introducing ultrasonic in the micro electroforming process has a marked effect on stress reduction.
Sheldon, et al, Microstructural origins of saccharin-induced stress reduction in electrodeposited Ni, J.

Based on measured forces data and roughness' in hard turning with cubic boron nitride inserts , the ratios of parasitic effects on resultant surface roughness have been determined.
Specific forces per chip cross section/tool edge result from decomposition of measured data in hard turning.
Product kcS characterizes cutting with fresh tool and statistical data processing makes possible to express residuals Fc(r), Ff (r) and Fp(r).
Conclusion Roughness data presented in this paper are consistent with those being presented in [1], i.e.
Statistical data treatment also reveals that parasitic effect at the effective tool edge length ℓcr contributes to the improvement of the resultant surface texture when hard machining.

The sharpness of the adsorption branch is indicative of a narrow mesopore size distribution of 102.8Å, in accordance with a0 data calculated by XRD.
The distance between mesopores is estimated to be ca. 102.3Å, in agreement with that determined from the XRD and adsorption data.
Pt (data from PDF card, vertical bar) Fig. 4 (a, b) TEM images and (c) ED spectrum of Pt/SBA-15, the arrows in a and b points to the Pt NPs; (d) Nitrogen adsorption (filled dot)-desorption (hollow circle) isotherm for SBA-15 and Pt/SBA-15 Summary In summary, hexagonal ordered SBA-15 had been successfully synthesized first as the solid host to support pre-prepared spherical Pt NPs with uniform size and distribution.
Murphy, Evidence for seed-mediated nucleation in the chemical reduction of gold salts to gold nanoparticles, Chem.
Sun, A general approach to the size- and shape-controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their catalytic reduction of oxygen, Angew.

The mediator couples with a more positive redox potential enable bacteria to oxidize the electron donor more effectively, which is needed for the bacteria to recycle their internal electron carriers, while they can easily penerate the cell membrane, and they have fast kinetics for both oxidation at the anode and reduction inside the organism [3].
EIS was conducted on the open circuit MFCs.Scanning data were fitted and simulated using ZSimpWin3.10(Echem,US).
The CV show a couple of distinguishable oxidation-reduction peaks, the oxidation peak in the forward scan at -0.20v (vs.Hg/Hg2Cl2) and the reduction peak in the reverse scan at -0.23v(vs.Hg/Hg2Cl2).
To evaluate the measured impedance data, the Nyquist plot can be well fitted with the inset equivalent circuit, in which Rs,Rct and CPE represent the solution resistance, the charge transfer resistance and the constant phase element, respectively.
The data about the resistance of electric element are listed in Table1.

S[k]= n=0N-1s[n]e-j2πknN (3) where s[n] = s(n∆t) is the input data vector, s(t) is the input signal, ∆t is the sampling interval, n is an integer, N is the length of the input data vector and S[k] gives the complex frequency-domain output data vector.
The severity of EMI can be decreased by reducing the dv/dt rate due to high frequency range reduction as illustrated in Fig. 7.
Table I: Induced EMR voltage and Percentage of EMR Reduction Pattern No.
Rise Time [ns] EMR [V] Percentage EMR Reduction [%] EFO= 2kV EFO = 4kV EFO= 2kV EFO = 4kV 1 0 33.4900 71.3600 Reference (Pulse Voltage) 2 100 0.0320 0.0570 99.90 99.92 3 400 0.0080 0.0170 99.98 99.98 4 700 0.0053 0.0095 99.98 99.99 5 1,000 0.0050 0.0089 99.99 99.99 The voltage pattern being used to break the electrical air gap during FAB process in ball bonding plays a role and it affects the intensity of EMI emission while the voltage amplitude has less impact on EMI intensity.
Anunciada, “EMI Reduction by Optimizing the Output Voltage Rise Time and Fall Time in High-Frequency Soft-Switching Converters,” 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, vol. 2, pp. 1127-1132, 2004

A reduction in cell viability as a function of NP concentration for 24h was observed.
Our data demonstrates that CuO NPs even at low concentrations lead to cell membrane damage in human epidermal cells which may be mediated through lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, however, induced little effect to Mitochondria.
After 24 h exposure at varying doses of CuO NPs (0.5–100mg/L), cell viability determined by CCK-8 assay resulted in explicit dose-dependent reduction (Fig.2).When cells were treated at lower doses, i.e. 0.5-10 mg/L CuO NPs, cytotoxicity of NR8383 cells was significantly greater than A549.

A degree of electrode reaction, current density, electrode potential and interface resistance, etc were discussed with measured electrochemical data.
Among many key roles of electrodes and electrolyte, the efficiency and properties of DSSC are affected by the reduction rate at the counter electrode and the properties of counter electrode materials.
Here, we need materials with high electric conductivity and good catalytic effect for increasing reduction rate of tri-iodide.
In CV graphs, a peak in negative potential range corresponds to reduction reaction of I3 ion.

Key Performance Indicators (KPI) The Line has a lot of waste and stoppages which must be identified and observed to find suitable solutions, so the plan concerned creating an excel sheet to monitor the line by collecting the data of the processes’ situation, defining the waste and line stoppages, measuring them in addition to measuring the machine utilization, and the production performance and efficiency, then taking reduction actions of waste.
Fig. 2 expresses the required KPIs (output) using the data from the previous inputs (Fig. 2) for the 2nd of October 2023.
Input Data supervisors of Pareto Chart for the 2nd of October 2023 (Source: Self-made based on company documents) Fig. 2.
The data analysis includes measurements conducted for both daily and cumulative values.
Depending on this data, the line produces 13 parts per hour and the bottle neck is operator 3.