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Easy processing and low cost are the additional aspects for making them the promising active layer materials for next generation solar cells [9-16].
Two of the most widely used hybrid perovskite materials are methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamide lead iodide (FAPbI3).
Shao et al., Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: material science, Science China Chemistry, vol. 66, no. 1.
Jeon et al., Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells, Nature, vol. 517, no. 7535, pp. 476–480, 2015
Rong et al., Materials Design Rules for Multivalent Ion Mobility in Intercalation Structures, Chem.

Assi, “Enhancing the Lifting Capacity of Drilling Fluids in Vertical Oil,” Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 13–29, 2017
Zhang, “A Cutting Concentration Calculation Model of a Vertical Wellbore Annulus in Deep-Water Drilling Operation and Its Application,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 101–102, pp. 311–314, 2012
Sauki et al., “Development of a modified Bourgoyne and Young model for predicting drilling rate,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, vol. 205,p. 108994, 2021
Sarstedt, “PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet,” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 139–152, 2011
Mukaka, “Statistics Corner: A guide to appropriate use of Correlation coefficient in medical research,” Malawi Medical Journal, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 69–71, 2012.

The crack zones have extension shear property, with the width of a few centimeters or meters. ③Constructional material: The main constructional material in the deep crack contains tectonite, quartz vein, calcite vein, gravel cemented by the calcium and calcium film with little or no fillers.④Spatial distribution characteristic: The deep crack and relaxed crack zones on the left bank varies significantly in different sections.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 41102162 and 41002089) and National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five year Plan of china (2008BAB29B03)).
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,21(Supp.): 2162-2167(2002)
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25(1):1–8(2006)
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 23(3): 117–122(2004).

Valiev, S.D.Prokoshkin, et al., Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing and Repeated Rolling on Structure, Phase Transformations and Properties of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys: Materials Science Forum, vol 503-504, 2006, pp 539-544 [3] J.
[5] Shape Memory Materials, Ed. by K.
Materials Letters v. 46, 2000, pp.175–180 [7] V.
Volkov, Influence of stress on the temperature characteristics of martensitic transformation and on strain variation in Ti–Ni shape memory alloys, Materials Science and Engineering, A 462, 2007, pp 325–328 [9] N.
Materials Transactions, Vol. 50, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1219 – 1224.

Effect of Pyrolysis on the Wettability Behaviour of Polyethylene Terephthalate on Petroleum Coke SHARIFAH SHAHNAZ Syed Bakar1,a, RITA Khanna2,b, Veena Sahajwalla2,c, Kamarudin Hussin1,d, Nik Noriman Zulkepli1,e and Sam Sung Ting3,f 1School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 2Centre for Sustainable Materials Research & Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW Australia 3School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
Materials and Method Materials.
Lofgren: Polymer Engineering & Science Vol. 24(13) (1984), p. 1056-1063 [5] S.
Trzeszczyński: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 81(12) (2001), p. 3064-3068

References [1] T.Haga, Development of a twin roll caster for light metals, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 43(2010), 393-402
[2] T.Haga et al., Roll caster for the three-layer clad-strip, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 41(2010) ,112-120
[3] T.Haga et al., Casting of clad strip by an unequal diameter twin roll caster, Materials Science Forum, 638-634(2010), 413-418
[4] T.Haga, et al., Roll casting of clad strip, Materials Science Forum, 706-709(2012),1152-1157
[5] T.Haga et al., Improvement of porosity of strip using a scraper on the casting by a vertical type high speed roll caster, Advanced Materials Research, 146-147(2011), 1108-1113.

Introduction Biodegradable polymers for renewable resources have achieved high interest in material science as alternative for petroleum based polymers. [1-2].
MATERIALS Microcrystalline cellulose a commercial reagent from Sigma, average powder size 50 µm, Avicel type was used. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich.
Deng: Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy Vol 2 (2008), p. 162-168 [7] T.
Seddon: Science Vol 302 (2003), p. 792-793 [17] R.
Razak: Materials & Design Vol 31 (2010), p. 3289-3298

Introduction Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is one of the most widely used thermoplastic materials for fabrication of versatile plastic products for its variety of physical properties, good mechanical property balances, low cost, ease of processability [1,2].
Experimental Materials TMC328 powders were supplied friendly by Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry, China.
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from Hainan University of 211 Project, Hainan University graduate-student joint training project in the discipline of materials science and engineering, and Analytical and Testing Center of Hainan University.
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 233-235 (2011), p. 2413
Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 111 (2009), p. 1076

Compare with x-ray diffraction method where the interaction occurs between the electrons in the surface materials by x-ray.
In order to study the transient materials behavior, the neutron diffraction measurement were performed underneath the tool shoulder during FSW.
The measured diffraction peaks in the raw data were refined using Materials Analyzed Using Diffraction (MAUD) software [5].
[3] CG Winsor: Pulse neutron scattering, 1981, Londor Taylor and Francis [4] Tri Hardi Priyanto, Bharoto, Rifai Muslih, Hery Mugirahardjo, Crystal structure analysis of dissimilar metal weld Cu-Al at retreating side obtain from friction stir welding using neutron diffraction methods, to be published at Indonesian Journal of Materials Science (in Indonesian)
Kohser, Materials and Process in Manufacturing, John Willey &Sons Inc, (2008), 67.

Maier: Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2006. 434(1-2): p. 294-302
Stolyarov, et al.: Materials Science and Engineering A, 2001. 303: p. 82-89
Stolyarov, et al.: Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2008. 476: p. 98-105
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Wang, et al.: Journal of Materials Science, 2007. 42: p. 1751-1756