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Thus, pure tungsten and its alloys are excellent candidate materials for application of radiation shielding in nuclear energy and medical appliances.
The simulated melt pool width in this work is closely to that measured or calculated in engineering alloys of 316L stainless steels or Inconel 718 Ni-based alloys [21-23].
Bucalossi, High heat flux testing of newly developed tungsten components for WEST, Fusion Engineering and Design 173(12) (2021) 112835
Volker, Advances in Additive Manufacturing of fusion materials, Fusion Engineering and Design 167(6) (2021) 112309
Kruth, Selective laser melting of tungsten and tungsten alloys, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 72(4) (2018) 27-32

Applications of Photonic Crystals in Solar Cells Yu Hao1, a, XiaoHong Sun1,b, LiuDi Jiang2,c ,Xu Zhang1,d,GaoLiang Wang1,e 1Henan Key Laboratory of Laser and Opto-electric Information Technology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450052, China 2Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environments, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom ahao66699@126.com,biexhsun@zzu.edu.cn ,cL.Jiang@soton.ac.uk,diexuzhang@zzu.edu.cn ewanggaoliang1314@126.com Keywords: photonic crystals,solar cells, absorption,conversion efficiency.
A Photonic Crystal (PC) is a periodic arrangement of dielectric or metallic materials with a lattice constant comparable to the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave.
An One-dimensional photonic crystal has dielectric constant that periodically changes in one direction of the space.One-dimensional photonic crystal usually consists of one or two materials with different dielectric constants.The thickness of each material has to fulfill a certain law.
The materials for PC reflectors in solar cell have no absorption of the incident light.We can also make the absorption layer have a photonic crystal structure.Different from reflectors, the materials for PC absorbers have a good ability to absorb and convert the sunlight,such as Si ,a-Si.
PCs made of specific materials have been introduced into solar cells,they act as reflectors,absorbers,and window layers.Using band gap effect of PCs and the strong scattering of light ,photons propagation path could be prolong, their life time will be extended,too.This structure can greatly increase the absorption of the solar cells within a specific band of light which lead to an enhancement of the over all conversion efficiency.

One factory’s waste or by-products become another factory’s raw materials or energy.
Then, in the industrial system, we establish the relationships of "producers - consumers - decomposition ", and seek for the material’s closed-loop recycling, energy use of multi-level and waste’s minimization.
Qingshan district is an urban area of concentrating in traditional iron and steel, petrochemical, electric power, building materials, and other heavy industries.
Support Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation’s implementation of strategic reorganization projects of second cold-rolled, third cold-rolled, third steel; Improve policies, and service Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation, Yiye, and other large enterprises’ auxiliary industrial restructuring; Expand metallurgical industry, and form survey, construct, design chain; Develop shipping and equipment’s manufacture and machinery’s processing industries, and continuously enhance the deep processing and supporting capacity of marine shaft, rudder system, slurry of key parts of the engine; Expand deep processing of iron and steel, metallurgical equipment, metallurgy accessories, iron and steel packaging materials, and other ancillary packaging materials industry.
References [1] Wang Rusong, Yang Jianxin： From Brown Industry to Green Civilization - Industrial Ecology Entry , Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2002(In Chinese) [2] Ke Jinghu：Eco-Industrial Park Planning and Case Analysis , Planners, 2002(9): 42-45(In Chinese) [3] Yang yong：Review Eco-Industrial Park , Economic Geography, 2000(20):31-33(In Chinese) [4] Zhang Yanping, Zhang Lin, Zhou Minhua： Eco-Industrial Park-Planning to explore the "Heihe eco-industrial park" as an example, Northwest College of Civil Engineering Journal, 2001(12):137-140(In Chinese)

Lin 1,d 1 Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Akita Prefectural University, 84-4Tsuchiya-ebinokuchi, Yurihonjo, Akita 015-0055, Japan 2 Key laboratory of Fundamental Science for Advanced Machining, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China a wuyb@akita-pu.ac.jp, bliangdjx@yahoo.com, ccutting0@bit.edu.cn, dlin@akita-pu.ac.jp Keywords: Elliptical ultrasonic assisted grinding (EUAG), sapphire, diamond wheel, wear, grinding forces, surface roughness Abstract.
As a promising processing technique of hard and brittle materials, ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG) can not only enhance the machining efficiency but also improve the surface quality [4].
Once a wheel depth of cut ap is given to the workpiece and a feed motion is provided to the worktable at a rate of Vw with a stroke of S, the grinding wheel rotating at a speed of Vs will interfere with the workpiece to remove the work-materials.
However, it should be noted that in the first two regions the ratio in EUAG is much less than that in CG, indicating that it is easier to remove the work-materials in EUAG than that in CG.
Liang, et al.: Materials Science Forum, Vol. 626-627 (2009), p. 35-40.

Morawski2,a, Magdalena Janus2,a 1Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland 2Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Szczecin University of Technology, Piastow 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland adamian.wojcieszak@pwr.wroc.pl (corresponding author) Keywords: terbium, TiO2, nanocrystalline, photocatalysis, photoluminescence Abstract.
Those materials allow on fabrication of films, which can be applied as a matrix for rare elements, for preparation of hydrophobic or hydrophilic films, self-cleaning coatings or protective films.
Jiazhong, Review of photoluminescence performance of nano-sized semiconductor materials and its relationships with photocatalytic activity, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 90 (2006) 1773-1787 [5] H.R.
Yan, X., Ke, Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of Nd3+-doped titania nanoparticles with mesostructure, Materials Letters 61 (2007) 105-110 [9] N.V.
Kim, Anomalous Tb3+ luminous spectrum in the TiO2 nanocrystals, Optical Materials 28 (2006) 676-680 [13] D.

Evaluation of Pulsed Laser Deposited Li4Ti5O12 Thin Film Anodes by CV and EIS Jianqiu Deng1,2,a, Zhouguang Lu3,b, Chiyuen Chung3,c, Zhongmin Wang1,2,d and Huaiying Zhou1,2,e 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China 2School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China 3Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China ajqdeng@guet.edu.cn, bzglucsu@gmail.com, cappchung@cityu.edu.hk, dzmwang@guet.edu.cn, ezhy@guet.edu.cn Keywords: Rechargeable lithium ion batteries, Lithium titanate, Thin film electrode, Cyclic voltammetry.
It is frequently used in the electrochemical characterization of the reversibility/irreversibility, ion diffusion kinetics and cycleability of active materials.
Zhou, Preparation and rate capability of Li4Ti5O12 hollow-sphere anode material, J.
Perfetti, et al., High-resolution in-situ structural measurements of the Li4/3Ti5/3O4 "Zero-Strain" insertion material, J.
Chen, Spinel Li4Ti5O12 as a reversible anode material down to 0 V, J.

The steel plate works as a mechanical shear key (rib-band).
The rib-bands are expected to be the mechanical shear keys between the steel tubes and infill concrete.
Also, the steel materials in this research are provided by the Okabe Corporation and Asahi Kasei Construction Materials Corporation.
Kawano: Mechanical Behavior of the Square CFT Column Bases with Built-in Reinforcements, Journal of Habitat Engineering, Volume 3, Number 1, March (2011), pp.47-56
Nishimura: Strength and Deformation of Exposed Type of Steel Column Bases, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, AIJ, No.342, (1984) , pp.46-54 (in Japanese).

Optimization Design for Planet Carrier of Planetary Gear Reducer Based on ANSYS Sizhu ZHOU 1, a , Chao LI 1,b , Tai XING 2,c , Chunbao LI 2,d 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China 2 Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute, Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736202, China a zhsz@yangtzeu.edu.cn, bleechao99@gmail.com, cxtqh@petrochina.com, d lcbqh@petrochina.com.cn Keywords: Planetary gear reducer, Planet carrier, Infinite element method, Optimization design Abstract.
The spacing of connecting panel, thickness of sidewall, the inner radius of the connecting panel and some other parameters are selected as design variables, the yield strength and structural deformation limitation of planet carrier material are selected as state variables and the total volume is selected as objective function.
At present, most engineers and researchers still use trial and error method to design and confirm the parameters of planet carrier.
Optimization Model Based on ANSYS Optimization design is a key technology of computer-aided design whose aim is to find the best design scheme from a series of feasible schemes by using mathematical programming [3].
Fig. 3 XJB80 single arm planet carrier When carrying out the optimization design of XJB80 single arm planet carrier under ANSNS environment, the spacing of connecting panel, thickness of sidewall, the inner radius of the connecting panel and some other parameters are taken as design variables, the yield limit of material and structural deformation of planet carrier structure are taken as state variables, the total volume of planet carrier is taken as objective function.

Review on Artificial Neural Network and Its Application in Foundry Dequan Shi, Guili Gao College of Material Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science & Technology, Harbin, P.
The results showed the system reduced the consumption of raw materials and energy, decreased the rejected production and improved the casting quality.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Foundation for University Key Teacher of Heilongjiang Province of China (1252G025).
Shi, “An optimizing direct-control technology of green sand quality based on the method of fast testing ingredients,” China Mechanical Engineering, vol. 18, pp. 2700-2704, November 2007
Liang, “Research on modeling and controlling of cupola melting process based on neural network,” Computer Engineering and Applications, vol. 45, pp. 245-248, September 2009

Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method - Optimization of Water Recycle System - N Nishikawa1, a, Y Sato1, F Andou1, T Sawa2, Y Hagihara1, H Kato1, N Yoshihara1, H Okawai1, T Murase1, T Iyama1, M Mizuno1 and S Tsukamoto3 1Faculty of engineering, iwate university, 4-3-5 ueda, morioka, iwate, 020-8551, Japan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-asahicho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-0026, Japan 3Faculty of engineering, okayama university, 3-1-1 tsushima-naka, okayama, okayama, 700-8530, Japan ankawa@iwate-u.ac.jp Keywords: electric rust preventive machining method, environmental harmonic machining, grinding, cutting, machining, machining fluid, effluent treatment, water machining, sludge, iron, rust, water, recycle, reverse osmosis membrane, purification, water quality, flow quantity, optimization Abstract.
Iron material surface ionized and leaked Fe2+ ion in water as chemical formula (1), and rust is generated.
Moreover, machine body rust is prevented with this principle and, coating, material changing (steel to resin or stainless) [7].
Yamanaka, Cutting fluid and Grinding fluid, Saiwaishobo Co.Ltd., Japan, 1982, pp.244-264 [3] TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, Material Processing Data File Text Vol:15 (Grinding), TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, Japan, 2002, pp.32-33 [4] N.
VI Key Eng.