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[9] Yan Q, Wang L and Zhao X S 2007 Artificial Defect Engineering in Three‐Dimensional Colloidal Photonic Crystals Adv Funct Materials 17 3695–706
[11] Rasooly A 2001 Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Food Journal of Food Protection 64 37–43
[16] Chen H, Lou R, Chen Y, Chen L, Lu J and Dong Q 2017 Photonic crystal materials and their application in biomedicine Drug Delivery 24 775–80
[19] El Barghouti M, Houari F, Akjouj A and Mir A 2024 Engineering and optimization of the SPR device ZnO/Ag/WO3/Ni/2D-Nanomaterials highly sensitive for biomedical processing and detection Optical Materials 149 115019
[41] Figueroa Del Valle D G, Aluicio-Sarduy E and Scotognella F 2015 Photonic band gap in 1D multilayers made by alternating SiO2 or PMMA with MoS2 or WS2 monolayers Optical Materials 48 267–70

FLAC uses the explicit algorithm obtains the model complete equation of motion (including endomorphism quantity) the time step solution, thus may trace the material the evolution destruction and breaks down falls.
[9] Li Li, Wang Mingwu, “Information entropy-based variable fuzzy sets model for the classification of rock mass stability,” Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science), vol. 31, pp. 603–607, 2008
[10] Dong Yuhui, Xing hua, “Seepage Model and Counting the Parameters on the Rock Mass Stability Analysis,” Science Technology and Engineering, vol. 9, pp. 4709–4713, 2009
[11] Deng Chunmei, Xu Jinyu, “Extensics in the application of tunnel rock mass stability assessment of underground tunnel engineering,” Sichuan Building Science, vol. 35, pp. 128–130, 2009
[12] Li Xinping, Dai Yifei, Hu Jing, “Fluid-solid coupling analysis of surrounding rock mass stability and water inflow forecast of a tunnel in a karst zone,” Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), vol. 39, pp. 1–6, 2009.

Finite element analysis of a helmet with superskin Aniruddh Singh1, a, †, Abhishek Singhal1, b, Sunil Bhat1, c 1School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology-632014, India a aniruddh03@yahoo.com , b abhishek.singhal89@gmail.com , c sbbhat@rediffmail.com †corresponding author Keywords: Finite element analysis, super-skin, anti-rotation, helmet, head injury Abstract The paper presents load analysis of a Superskin layered helmet by finite element method.
Material Properties.
Linear properties [2] of the layers are given in the following table: Table 1: Material Properties Mechanical Properties Units EPS foam GRP shell Superskin (Santoprene) Density kg/m3 145 1200 900 Compressive Young’s Modulus MPa 1.5 1870 2 Poisson’s Ratio -- 0.2 0.4 0.3 Since the impact is in transverse direction, the Young’s modulus of GRP shell is taken in transverse direction-parallel to the direction of load. 2.3 Load and constraint details.
Acknowledgement Support received from the School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT, Vellore during the course of this work is gratefully acknowledged. 6.
Mills, Modelling of the impact response of motorcycle helmets, International journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 15 (3), 1994, pp. 201-218 [2] A.

Image Based Displacement Vector Estimation Method Around the Fatigue Crack Tip Masao Moriyama1, a, Daisuke Ushijima2,b and Junichi Katsuta3,c 1 Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 8528521 Japan 2 Graduate Schools of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 8528521 Japan 3 Department of Structural Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 8528521 Japan a matsu@rsirc.cis.nagasaki-u.ac.jp, b d710208b@cc.nagasaki-u.ac.jp, ckatsuta@nagasaki-u.ac.jp Keywords: Fatigue crack tip, Fatigue Crack propagation, Closure/opening, Image Processing, Particle Image Velocimetry Method.
Fig.4 A camera and a light of the high-speed microscope Fatigue Crack Propagation Test Method Specimen and Material.
Sakiyama：Examination of fatigue crack driving force parameter, FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIAL & STRUCTURES, 31, pp.754-765, (2008)
Sakiyama：The effects of elasto-plastic behavior at the crack tip on fatigue crack propagation, Advanced Steel Construction an International Journal Vol.1,No.2, pp.55-64 (2005)

The incomplete generalized potential energy function with large deflection Dalian Bay bridge as an program, based on the structural characteristics, the following are assumed[4]: (1) All materials in accordance with Hooke's law
Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2004,36(12):1733-1735.
Beijing: Science Press,1980.
Beijing: Science Press,1981.

Application example A dormitory project, designed for 6 - layer brick structure, construction area of ​​6,000 square meters, duration of 24 months , a total investment of 3 million yuan , building materials provided by the contracting unit .
Applying fuzzy mathematics and systems[M].Beijing : Science Press,2005
Journal of heilongjiang institute of engineering (Natural science edition), 2007,21(2).

Samples are radiated by electron at Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the electron energy is 0.8 MeV, radiation dosage is 2×1013 cm-2 and 1×1014 cm-2 separately for sample A and sample B.
Radiation Effect of Semiconductor Materials.Beijing :Science Press,1993
Journal of Electrical Engineering.55(3-4)(2004) 20-24

Mainly convection heat transfer increase; Due to consider only the solid-liquid two-phase change, did not take into account the impact of soil vapor content; The expanded perlite insulation materials used in the quality is not good enough, dust more, insulation effect is not ideal.
[J] Journal of Tsinghua University (Natural Science Edition), 1997,37:15 ~ 16 [2] M.
Heilongjiang Science and Technology Press, 1989:109 ~ 111 [4] Four Guan Zhiqiang, Dai afternoon son, Guo Zhao Jun, Xu Yuanyuan.

Stiffness Prediction of Nylon 6/Caly Nanocomposites with a Staggered Model Ying DAI1,2,a , Xing JI1,2 , Yiu-Wing MAI 1 1 Centre of Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, the University of Sydney, Australia 2 Key Laboratory for Solid Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China amyingdai@yahoo.com.cn, Keywords: Nylon 6/clay nanocomposites, staggered model, stiffness Abstract: Nylon 6/clay nanocomposites are comprised of nylon 6 matrix filled with montmorillonite platelets (MMT) [1, 2] .
Financial supports from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10372072), the Science and Technology Foundation of Tongji University are much appreciated.
Vol. 64(2004), p.935 [11] Jäger, Ingomar, Fratzl, Peter: Biophysical Journal Vol. 79(2000), p.1737 Figure 4 Predicted and experimental (Ref. [3]) results for Young's modulus of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites 3 5 7 9 11 13 0123 V % Young's Modulus (GPa) Test results of Ref.[3] FEM Staggered model of Jager Present staggered model

Experimental Study on the Process of Gas Explosion in a Narrow Pipeline Jianjun Liang1,a, Shu Liu2,b, Xinsheng Jiang1,c, Dong Wang1,d, Jianzhong Zhou1,e 1Department of Military Oil Supply, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China 2School of Foreign Languages, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China acomet613@163.com, bsesamels@163.com, cjxs_dy@163.com , deletterbox@126.com, ezmeim@tom.com Keywords: gas, explosion, pressure wave, flame wave,detonation wave, combustion Abstract: In this paper, the process of the gas explosion waves was investigated in a closed pipeline.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Fire and Explosion Safety ( CSTC2010CA0005 ) , and natural science foundation project of CQ CSTC ( 2011JJA00017 and 2012jjA90008 ).
References [1] Lin Baiquan, Jian Congguang and Zhou Shining: Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, Vols.34(2005), p.4, (In Chinese) [2] Zhou Xinquan, Wang Haiyan and Qu Zhiming: Safety in Coal Mines, Vols.39(2008), p.1, (In Chinese) [3] Du Yang, Liang Jianjun and Wang Dong: Safety in coal mines, Vols.41(2010), p.1, (In Chinese) [4] Jianjun Liang, Yang Du and Yihong Ou: Advanced Materials Research, Vols.791-793(2013), p.2108