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It is thus of some interest to understand the dynamic behavior of masonry materials under dynamic loading.
Based on the constitutive relations of the brick and the mortar materials, the equivalent stress-strain relations of the RVE are homogenized by applying various compatible displacement conditions on the RVE surfaces.
They are defined as and (3) in which and are damage parameters that control postfailure stress-strain relations of materials in tension and compression.
Niu: International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 29(5) (1992), p.531-546
Gusella: International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 41 (2004), p.1911-1923

Ferhat Physics Department, the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica aleaford.henderson@uwimona.edu.jm Keywords: solar energy, materials science, dye-sensitized solar cell, DSSC, photovoltaics, rare-earth, doping, energy, thin films, solar, titanium dioxide.
Thin film and hybrid solar devices, including Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), are especially promising energy solutions, due to the low cost of materials and equipment required for their fabrication.
Several methods of fabricating nanoparticulate pastes for DSSCs have been studied; among them, the sol – gel method is especially favoured due to the low overall cost of materials, low toxicity of common aqueous synthetic routes, and high quality of the synthetic products obtained [2].
C 117, 25276 [4] Ko K H, Lee Y C and Y J Jung 2005 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 283, 482 [5] Zhang J, Peng W, Chen Z, Chen H and Han L 2012 J.
Sci. 46, 855 [11] Tasic N, Brankovic Z, Marinkovic-Stanojevic Z and Brankovic G 2012 Science of Sintering 44, 365 [12] Wang HH, Chaochin S, Chung-Yin W, Tsai HB, WR Li 2014 International Journal of Nanotechnology 11

Manufacturing of Light Weight Aggregates from the Local Waste Materials for Application in the Building Concrete Tomasz Pawlik*1,a, Daniel Michalik1,b, Malgorzata Sopicka-Lizer1,c, Marcin Godzierz1,d 1Silesian University of Technology, Department of Material Science, ul.
The physical properties of waste materials are shown in Tab. 1.
Ruebner: Construction and Building Materials. 98 (2015) 376-387 [2] S.
Brötz: Construction and building Materials. 85 (2015) 22-29 [3] Tommy Yiu Lo, Hongzhi Cui, Shazim Ali Memon, Takafumi Noguchi, Journal of Cleaner Production. 112 (2016) 753-762 [4] V.
Sopicka-Lizer: Inzynieria Materialowa/Materials Engineering 211 [3] (2016) 131-136 [8] P.

With the continuous development of Chinese science and technology, structured ultra-light porous metal materials are a new type of multifunctional materials that have emerged with the increasing demand for diverse materials preparation and machining technologies in recent years.
Porous metal materials are materials that are good for the environment.
In addition, with the rapid development of science and technology, we have more scientific and technological means, and thus have greater ability to develop and research new materials.
Science & Technology Innovation and Application, 10,12,2017, pp. 124-126
Challenge and Development of Journal of Composite Materials, 3,12,2017, pp. 336-338.

Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation in Functionally Graded Materials Jeong-Ho Kim 1,a and Glaucio H.
These materials have been introduced to take advantage of ideal behavior of material constituents.
Tina Panontin), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant CMS0115954 (Mechanics and Materials Program).
Shemilt: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 36 (2001), p. 1077
Kim: Mixed-mode crack propagation in functionally graded materials, Ph.D.

A Model for the Hysteresis Curves of Soft Magnetic Materials Fernanda A.
Materials with higher density have steeper curves.
Atherton: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Vol. 61 (1986), p. 48
Collocott: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Vol. 323 (2011), p. 2023
Gilbert, S.Bull and T.Evans: Journal of Materials Science Vol.39 (2004), p.457

Nanometer materials and their application technology as an important part of nano science and technology, is considered to has a decisive role to the development of contemporary science and technology.
In order to promote the development of nano science and technology, in July 1990 in the United States in Baltimore held the first international conference of nanotechnology, and announced that "nanotechnology" the international journal.
Nanometer materials.
Countries engaged in materials science experts and scholars are desire to develop new nano materials (especially the nano composite material), seeking for new technology of the preparation of new nano materials, to further explore the particle size of nanometer material, the amount of phase interface, the interface phase relationship between atomic structure and nanometer material performance, and the diffusion process of nanometer materials, the formation mechanism of nanocrystalline ceramics (especially the reticular formation) for further research.
Advanced materials, 1992; 4 (7-8) : 474-481

The elastic properties of two carbon-containing materials are investigated.
Both materials have unique physicomechanical properties.
Such materials include isotropic pyrolytic graphite and shungite rocks.
Key Engineering Materials. 722 (2017) 247-253
Materials Science and Engineering: A.Vol. 430 (issues 1-2) (2006) 189-202

Effect of Crack Statically Growing on Stress and Strain at Crack Tip for Power Hardening Materials He Xue 1, a, Min Qiao 1,b , ZhenWen Wang 1,c , XiaoYan Gong 1,d 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 710054, China axue_he@hotmail.com, bqiaom_1989@163.com, c2007.wzw@163.com , dgongxymail@163.com Keywords: crack statically growing; residual plastic strain; power hardening materials; elastic-plastic finite element Abstract.
Numerous austenitic stainless steels and nickel-based alloys are power hardening materials, which is widely used in key structural materials of nuclear power plants.
Therefore, the re-distribution of stress and strain at the growing crack tip in power hardening materials will be discussed by using ABAQUS software in this paper, which provides a foundation for quantitative predicting environmentally assisted cracking growth rate in key structural materials of nuclear power plants.
The numerical simulating test process satisfied American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E399 standards.
Acknowledgement This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11072191) References [1] HAN E H, WANG J Q, WU X Q: Acta Metallurgica Sinica Vol.46 (2010),p.1379 [2] CHOPRA O K, CHUNGA H M, KASSNER T F: Nuclear Engineering and Design Vol. 194 (1999),p.205 [3] GUAN Y X, Dong C F, LI Y: Science and Technology Review Vol. 29(2011),p.17 [4] PENG Q J, KWON J, SHOJI T: Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 324 (2004),p.52 [5] HALL JR M M: Corrosion Science Vol. 50(2008),p.2902 [6] SHOJI T, LU Z P, MURAKAMI H :Corrosion Science Vol. 52(2010),p.769 [7] XUE H, SHOJI T: Transactions of the ASME-Journal of Pressure Vessel and Technology Vol. 129(2007),p.254 [8] XUE H, ZHAO D, PENG Q J: Journal of materials Vol. 5(2011),p.18 [9] XUE H, LI Z J, LU Z P: Nuclear Engineering and Design Vol. 241(2011),p.73 [10] XUE H, OGAWA K, SHOJI T: Nuclear Engineering and Design Vol. 236(2009),p.628

Introduction of Intelligent Materials Intelligent material is the fourth generation materials after the natural materials, polymer materials and artificial materials, it is one of the important development directions of the modern high-tech materials.Concept of intelligent materials was proposed first by Japan scientist in 1989.
Intelligent materials can be divided into optical fiber, shape memory alloys, piezoelectronic materials, magnetostrictive materials and electrostrictive materials etc. according to their different functions.
Relationship between polymer deformation and temperature Conclusion Development and widely application of intelligent materials will result in a major revolution in materials science.
Principles and Applications of Fiber Grating Sensor [J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University, 2009 (04): 64-68 [2] LI Bing.
Journal of Chongqing Institute of Technology: 2009 (2): 131-135 [6] PEI Xianru, GAO Hairong.