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Nadkarni et al. [2] used the dynamic modulus test to determine the percent of retained stiffness, referred to as stiffness ratio (ESR).
Solaimanian et al.[3] used simple performance test developed in NCHRP Projects 9-19 and 9-29 to test moisture damage sensitivity of asphalt mixture.
Seo et. al. [5] used both indirect tensile fatigue test and triaxial repeated load permanent deformation test to evaluate the effect of air void content on mixture performance.
To obtain the Prony series expression of relaxation modulus from the dynamic modulus, a method developed by Bhattacharjee et al. [11] was used in this study.
El-Haggan, M.

Fujimoto et al. [11–13] obtained mesophase pitch fluorides (MPF) and coal pitch fluorides and tested their properties.
Zhang et al. [14] reported on microcarbon microbead fluoride (MCMBF) and studied its fluorination process.
Although Fujimoto et al. [11–13] and Zhang et al. [14] used the same method of reacting F2 gas and different pitches to prepare its fluorides, the properties and reaction mechanism of these fluorides are different because of the large discrepancies in constituents and properties of raw pitches.
Sample analysis The constituent of isotropic pitch was measured using Vario EL element analysis.

Barré et al. pointed out that it is possible to identify different failure mechanisms with the association of the AE amplitude for chopped glass fiber reinforced polypropylene.
For the validation of each configuration, an algorithm developed by Günter et al. [14] was applied.
[8] Raju, Al Azmi, B.G.
El Mountassir, Acoustic Emission of Composites Structures: Story, Success, and Challenges, Physics Procedia 70 (2015) 599 – 603
McCrory, S.K.Al- Jumaili, D.Crivelli, M.R.Pearson, M.J.

It is straightforward from here to express the kink voltage: m EL V gap kink 2 µ = (4) Very special issue in this approach is modeling of the electron mobility in the channel.
Comparison with experimental data from Shahidi et al. [12].
Fig. 6 Kink voltage vs. channel length dependent on the gate-to-source bias. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1.08 1.16 1.18 1.10 1.12 1.14 Gate-to-source bias (V) Kink voltage (V) 0.6 1.8 1.2 0 6 4 2 0 VDS (V) IDS (mA) VGS = 1.8 V 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 Experimental Shahidi et al.
In Fig. 5, we compare experimental results from Shahidi et al. [12] and theoretical results from this work for SOI NMOS device.
Shahidi, et al.

Charee et al [1] compared the cut features of silicon induced by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in air and water, and they found that a cleaner cut surface with a higher material removal rate can be obtained by processing in water environment.
Kanitz et al [7] compare the laser ablation rate of iron sheet performing in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and toluene environments, and they found that water still provides the highest ablation rate among the others.
Zhai et al [8] investigated the plasma shock wave with the aid of computation fluid dynamics simulation in the laser drilling of Inconel 718 in water, and they found that the plasma size increases with the laser power applied into the process.
Trtica et al [9] noted that the surface of commercially pure titanium irradiated by a picosecond pulse laser in water exhibits high roughness with sponge-like morphology and having high composition of oxygen.
Ostendorf, E.L.

[7] Dohlman TH, Omoto M, Hua J, Stevenson W, Lee SM, Chauhan SK, et al.
[14] Parenteau-Bareil, R. et al.
Manning, Wasfi Al-Azzam, 2014.
;Worth, A.; et al.
[23] El-Sherbiny IM, Yacoub MH (2013).

Larbi Ben M'hidi University Oum El Bouaghi.
Aissani et al [4] and M.A.
Djouadi et al [5].
Aissani et al [8] and C.
Gheriani et al, [14] in chromium coating deposited by magnetron sputtering technique and by A.

For example, Wang et al. [10] investigated the cyclic deformation and low cycle fatigue behavior of an extruded Mg-8.0Gd-3.0Y-0.5Zr (GW83) alloy under fully reversed strain-controlled tension-compression loading along the extrusion direction.
A similar type of microstructures was also reported in the RE-containing extruded Mg alloys in the literature, e.g., Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr by Liu et al. [13].
It is seen that, unlike the extruded RE-free AM30 alloy, the current GW103K alloy exhibited nearly symmetrical hysteresis loops in shape, which were somewhat similar to those of face-centered cubic (fcc) metals (e.g., Al, Cu, Ni) as a result of the dislocation slip-dominated deformation [14].
Al-Samman, Superior light metals by texture engineering: Optimized aluminum and magnesium alloys for automotive applications, Acta Mater. 61 (2013) 818-843
Horstemeyer, H.El Kadiri, J.C.

Xu et al. [8] have reported short sisal fiber/PMMA composites with 2 mm fiber length and various fiber loading up to 10% for dental application.
Compared to the results reported by Xu et al. [8], the flexural strength of untreated-sisal/PMMA at 30% fiber content (51.52 ± 7.08 MPa) (present study) is consistent with that at 10% fiber content (~ 51.50 MPa) [8].
However, for the treated-sisal/PMMA, the flexural strength resulted in this study (60.70 ± 7.87 MPa) is higher than that by Xu et al. [8] (~55.00 MPa), and much higher flexural strength reached by untreated-sisal/PMMA with the addition of 5% MAPP (74.87 ± 1.40 MPa).
On the contrary, flexural modulus resulted in this study is lower than that reported by Xu et al. [8], which leads to being lower in brittleness.
Branco, E.L.

University, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria. 2Department of matter sciences, ABBESL Aghrour University, Khenchela.
Constantin et al. [13] deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering TiNx thin films onto high-speed steel, silicon and stainless steel substrates, from a pure Ti target, varying the flow rate of the reactive gas, a crystalline structure with fcc phase and strong (111) orientation of the peaks, obtained using the lowest nitrogen gas flow of 4.5 sccm and the most performing TiNx film was that one with small sized of the grains (around 8 nm), a higher value of hardness (18.4 GPa) and a good thickness of 1.5 μm were obtained also.
Enriquez-Flores et al. studied the microstructural and mechanical properties of titanium nitride (TiN) films.
DomínguezCrespo et al. deposited by R.f. magnetron sputtering on AISI 316L SS different Ti/TiN coatings in order to study the effect of sputtering conditions on tribological and corrosion properties.
Ajenifuja et al, sputtered with different thicknesses of TiNx thin film with varying time from 5 to 20 min, using DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique.