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Yang1, 2 1Materials Center Leoben Forschungs GmbH, Jahnstr. 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria 2Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstr. 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria Key words: Nanocrystalline nickel, mechanical property, grain boundary, annealing, grain size effect.
Engineering stress vs. engineering strain curves of the as-deposited and annealed specimens are presented in Fig. 6.
Room temperature engineering stress-strain curves of as-deposited and heat-treated NC Ni at a strain rate of .
Owing to the high percentage of grain boundary area, NC materials have been viewed as a “composite” of grains with normal lattice atoms and the grain boundary region [24].
Grain boundary regions in as-deposited NC materials are always in a high non-equilibrium state, containing lots of randomly oriented grain boundary dislocations.

Design Study of Steel Structure Fire-retardant Coatings under High Temperature (Fire) Conditions Manli Ou 1, a, Weijun Cao 2,b ,and Longmin Jiang 3,c and Hui Cao4,d 1College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology,Hunan,Zhuzhou ,412008,China 2College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan,Zhuzhou ,412008,China 3College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan,Zhuzhou ,412008,China 4College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan,Zhuzhou ,412008,China a445698185@qq.com, b120996961@qq.com, c527943658@qq.com , d 296992028@qq.com Key words: Steel structure, High temperature, Fire-resistant coating, Fire-resistance analysis, Design examples Abstract: As the result of great changes occurring to mechanical properties under high temperature (fire) conditions, steel structures will soon lose the strength and stiffness and lead to structural damage.
This shows that the impact of fire on steel structures is much larger than that on the reinforced concrete structure; steel structure fire resistance performance studies have become a problem in the urgent need of resolution for the engineering sector [2].
Vermiculite, perlite serve as the main thermal insulation materials, please use wet spray method; 3.
Dongfeng Nissan Auto 4S Shop at Xiangfu Rd in Changsha has been completed (see Figure 9), the whole structure adopts steel structure engineering.
Changsha: Hunan University, School of Civil Engineering(2007) In Chinese [3] National Standards of the People’s Republic of China.

Specific industrial applications include magnetic materials, ferroelectrics, superconductors, optoelectronics, solid-oxide fuel cell components, battery electrode materials, catalysts, membranes, pigments and others.
The Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, ed.
Review: Combustion Synthesis of Advanced Materials: Principles and Applications.
Advances in Chemical Engineering, 24:79-226, (1998). 11.
Weimer (Eds.), Carbide, Nitride and Boride Materials Synthesis and Processing.

Nano-engineering offers by virtue of the possibility to create defect-free materials a rich playground and ideal test-bed for explorations, for verifying existing models and for a concise understanding of the electronic basis of the strength of materials.
Wang: Advanced Materials (2007)
Pharr: Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 7, p. 1564
Irene: Journal of Electronic Materials Vol. 5, no. 3 (1976)
Pardoen: Smart Materials and Structures Vol. 18 (2009), p. 115018

Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, A 448, 67-79 (2006)
Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 200, 424-432 (2008)
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, In Press, Corrected Proof, (2008)
Key improvements in the machining of difficult-to-cut aerospace superalloys.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 173, 359-367 (2006)

Biodegradation of Congo red by aerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor Dengyue Ma1,2,a, Xinhua Wang1,b , Chao Song1,c, and Shuguang Wang1,d,* 1Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China 2Shandong Survey and Design Institute of Water Conservancy, Jinan 250013, China amadengyue@sina.com, bxinhuawang@sdu.edu.cn, csongchao101@gmail.com, dwsg@sdu.edu.cn Keywords: Biodegradation, Congo red, Aerobic granules, Sequencing batch reactor Abstract.
Aerobic granules are self-immobilized microbial aggregates that are cultivated in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) without reliance on artificial surfaces for biofilm attachment, hence rendering carrier material and bulky settling devices unnecessary [12].
Because activated sludge might not be suitable for direct inoculation into a reactor with a high input of CR, a key step in the development of aerobic CR-degrading granules was the conditioning of activated sludge seed to enrich for biomass that possessed both improved settleability and higher CR degradation activity.
Materials and methods 2.1.

Spatial Distribution and Reserves Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon based on GIS in Maiji Area of Tianshui GAI Ai-hong1,2,a ZHANG Ren-zhi1 *,b CHEN Fang3,c Wang Xiaolong 1,d 1College of Resource an Environment Science ,Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou , China 2Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University ,Beijing , China 3Xinjiang Tiandiyuan Mining Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd.
,Wulumuqi , China agaiah@gsau.edu.cn,bzhangrz@gsau.edu.cn,cchenfang_1928@163.com,dlongxiaoalex@163.com Key words：GIS; Soil organic carbon density; Soil organic carbon storage; Spatial distribution; Maiji area of Tianshui.
Materials and Methods 1.1 the generality of the study region Lying in the southeast of Tianshui in Gansu province, in the northern piedmont of Qinling, on the intersection of Shanxi province, Gansu province and Sichuan province, Maiji is the east gate of Tianshui.
The soil profile attribution data includes parent material, soil types, soil profile horizons, soil depth, Fig.1 Maiji Areas Administrative Map altitude, organic matter content, bulk density, clay content, contents of gravel with a diameter of more than 2mm etc. altogether, 6060 soil profile attribution data have been selected.
[18] Fang Jingyun.Carbon sinks of terrestrial ecosystems in China[A].In:Wang R-S ed.Study on Key Issues of Modern Ecology[C].Beijing: China Science and Technology Press. 1996.251~267

., pervious and impervious surface fraction, building material thermal properties, façade to site ratio, building height information).
Clustering was performed using three key climate indicators: temperature, diurnal temperature range, and wind speed.
Representative dates and key climate indicators.
Thermal material properties were determined based on construction age as defined in the OIB standards [17].
Simulation of building energy and indoor environmental quality - some weather data issues, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Climate data and their applications in engineering, 4-6 October, Prague, pp. 1-15

The Study of the Railway Tunnel on the Area of Wall Rock Pre-injection Huifeng SU1,a, Weining LIU2,b 1Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control,Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong ,266510, China 2School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing,100044, China ashf7521@163.com, bwnliu@bjtu.edu.cn Key words: Chiefly block, Control drainage, Wall rock lnjection, External water load Abstract.
The thickness of injection loop too thin, plastic zone distribution changed obviously with external water load, it is harm for wall rock stability. the thickness of injection loop too deep, plastic zone distribution changed unobvious with external water load, this will waste labors and material.
It is obvious that over-thick loop would surely waste resource involve manpower and material.
Reference [1] 1st Institute of Railway Survey and Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Construction Techniques Department of the No.18 Engineering Bureau, Study on the forecast and prediction for karst water and water gush of tunnel terrene [R].
Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Engineering, 2002. 49-68 (In Chinese)

The main obstacles to popularizing the building LCC method in China 1.1 The difficulty of obtaining relevant data for LCC analysis Due to the help from corresponding software, it is relatively easier for Chinese scientists and engineers to obtain energy cost data.
However, as to obtain the relevant construction cost data and operation and maintenance cost data, Chinese scientists and engineers are facing the difficulty of obtaining comprehensive, open and authoritative data.
However, in the Chinese construction sector, most researchers and engineers do not fully understand the LCC and only a small part of the researchers and engineers have a relatively in-depth understanding and master of LCC-related theoretical concepts, analytical methods and computing methods. 1.4 Chinese government’s policies makers and implementers of construction sector lack necessary understanding of the meaning and significance of LCC.
(7) Construction materials or equipment manufacturers and vendors.
(3) As a decision-making body, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development should know the answers to the following questions: which departments, agencies, enterprises or individuals actually played a key role if they succeed in the overall implementation?