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A substantial increase in yield strength at room temperature, without grain refining, was the result.
The fatigue tests were conducted on the mini test pieces described above, using a stress ratio of R = -1, sine wave frequencies of 20-40 Hz, a maximum number of repetitions of 107 times, and a temperature of 473 K.
In order to research the difference in the diameter of the alpha-Mg grains with the addition of the Zr, EBSD analysis was used to study the crystal grains.
Fig. 6 shows the relationship between the crystal grain diameter and yield strength at room temperature, plotted to help enable study of the relationship between crystal grain diameter and yield strength [5].
It is reported that control of grain boundary sliding by the compound phases that crystallize at the grain boundary and strengthening of the matrix by stacking faults enhances creep properties at high temperatures [8].

Likewise, dislocations are generated initially within grains of certain preferred orientations and initially confined within the grain boundaries (while the grains are still quite small). 3.
The dislocated grains are often called “bad grains.”
Larger grain size is not always desirable.
Initially there are very few dislocations but, as the growth progresses, dislocations grow in number.
We have applied the Network Model to dislocation distributions of a large number of wafers taken from various bricks and compared the predicted cell parameters with the cells made on sister wafers.

Both, texture and grain size, are determined by the thermo-mechanical history of the material.
It has also been demonstrated that a coarse grained hot band structure gives a higher intensity on the Goss texture component [8-9].
The homogeneity of the grain size and texture across the thickness was also analyzed.
Whereas in the case of mechanical cutting there is a clear region with changes in the grain morphology near the cut edge due to the plastic deformation there is no clear indication of a change of the grain morphology for samples obtained by laser cutting, as can be seen in Fig. 3(a).
The ODF intensity lines of region A are mainly concentrated along this fibre, although it must also be mentioned that the statistics are rather poor, because of the limited number of grains in the area affected by laser cutting.

Fig. 1 shows that the surfaces of PST films with one cycle of spin-coating and four cycles of spin-coating have less convex objects which are big crystalline grains.
Number of convex objects can be affected number of spin-coating, one cycle of spin-coating and four cycles of spin-coating have less raised grain.
Conclusions (1) Pb0.499Sr0.499TiO3 grain sizes of about 50-100 nm could be obtained by drying wet sol film at room temperature, by heat-treating at 400℃ for 10 min and then slow annealing at 700℃ for 2h .
(2) Number of convex objects which are big crystalline grains can be affected number of spin-coating, one cycle of spin-coating and four cycles of spin-coating have less raised grain.
Towards the limit of ferroelectric nanosized grains[J].

The immediate roof was a gray black fine grained sandstone, the total thickness of the immediate roof varied from 1 to 2.5 meters, and the bedding is developed.
Table 1 Material proportion and mechanical properties (by simulated) No. lithology Strength (MPa) Density (g/cm2) proportion Similar material 1 sandstone 0.5625 1.6875 10:0.7:0.3 sand: lime: plaster 2 Siltstone 0.25 1.5625 9:0.8:0.2 sand: lime: plaster 3 Coarse-grained sandstone 0.375 1.6875 8:0.8:0.2 sand: lime: plaster 4 Thin coal 0.0625 0.875 10:1:0 sand: lime: plaster 5 Fine-grained sandstone 0.6875 1.65625 6:0.7:0.3 sand: lime: plaster 6 Coarse-grained sandstone 0.375 1.6875 8:0.8:0.2 sand: lime: plaster 7 Fine-grained sandstone 0.6875 1.65625 6:0.7:0.3 sand: lime: plaster 8 Coarse-grained sandstone 0.375 1.6875 8:0.8:0.2 sand: lime: plaster 9 coal 0.0625 0.875 10:0.8:0.2 sand: lime: plaster 10 Fine-grained sandstone 0.375 1.6875 7:0.5:0.5 sand: lime: plaster To monitor the displacement of overlying strata , seventy-seven movement monitoring points are arranged into 10 rows.
References [1] MA Yu-lin; ZHANG Yong-li: Simulation Experiment Research on Mining Coal in Deep Inclined Thin Coal Seam,Coal,vol.3(2008) [2] Yong-jian Zhu and Gang Peng: Similar material simulation research on movement law of roof over-lying strata in stope of fully mechanized caving face with large mining height, Journal of Coal Science and Engineering (China), 2010, Volume 16, Number 1, Pages 6-10 [3] Tianbin Li, Xiangfeng Wang and Lubo Meng: A physical simulation test for the rockburst in tunnels, Journal of Mountain Science, 2011, Volume 8, Number 2, Pages 278-285 [4] A.
Kurtukov: The stress-deformation state of the roof rocks during working of a steeply dipping or inclined seam, Journal of Mining Science, 1973, Volume 9, Number 1, Pages 25-29 [5] A.
Levshin: The stress-strain state of a rock mass during working of an inclined coal seam, Journal of Mining Science, 1975, Volume 11, Number 6, Pages 614-621

Viscosity Flow abrasive is two-phase flow, namely abrasive contains fluid medium and little flow additive, also contain numbers of solid grain, as shown in Fig.1.
When abrasive is static or uniform motion in a straight line, the velocity of grain is same as abrasive.
When grain cutting workpiece, the medium and grain condition has been separated to analyze, analyzing the force from flow medium to grain.
When m is equal to 1, abrasive is Newtonian fluid. μ is not a constant value, which is depended on various elements such as grain size, medium character, temperature, pressure, the proportion of grain and medium.
In the present work, abrasive consists of numbers of grains (SiC), some medium (silly putty) and little lubricant (silicon oil).

The value j controls the number of preferential growth directions.
A usual expression for this noise, as indicated by Ferreira and Olivé [4] is noise=16arϕ2(1-ϕ)2 (8) with r a random number between -1 and +1.
The advanced columnar grains in Fig. 1(a) grow preferably; grains stop advancing or slightly melt back, Fig. 1(b).
After the selection of the columnar grains, the coarsening of the selected grains is observed in Fig.1(c).
The competitive growth of grains becomes less intensive with the advance of the columnar grains into the liquid region.

Rice Chalky Grain Percentage Detection With the increasingly fierce competition, the quality of rice has become an important factor for affecting imports and exports, and the quality test of rice has become the key.
The quality of rice is measured from the rice’s chalky grain percentage, shape, whole white rice rate, yellow-colored rice, protein, crack, and etc [4].
In fact, the detection for chalky rice percentage is an identification process to separate chalky grains and normal grains, only need to find a method that can effectively reflect the chalky feature of rice, and then classify them, the fuzzy support vector machine method will be used in the detection for chalky grain percentage [5].
Gray Level Histogram Comparisons of Chalky Rice and None-Chalky Rice Rice grains (a) and (b) are normal rice grains, but the threshold they need to select has a very big difference, for (b) the overall grey value is relatively large because of stronger light and brighter image, so the threshold value it needs to select is larger than (a).
But their grey value distribution shows a unmoral curve on the whole; While for a chalky rice grain, its grey value distribution shows a bimodal curve in general, as (c) and (d) show, it is mainly caused by the gray value of rice grain chalky part greater than normal part.

The spot indicated by the number (2), shows that the irregular-shape of the niobium particles become rounded forming the microstructural appearance shoerd by point (3).
Below this, the transformation of β → α + β phase, which occurs in the growth and nucleation of α contours of the β grains.
As the alloy is cooled, α may increase the grain boundary structure for changing the lamellar α grains, also known as α "colony" [12].
The water quenching (Fig. 4F) was not displaying this structure, only α grains in β-matrix.
It is known that the densification, grain sizes, structures and phases present can influence the mechanical property of hardness.

Paper [14] claims that the interaction of clay particles with clastic grains leads to the formation of dense shell-like “coat” on the grains.
Comminuting crude ore in mills to the class of 0.071 mm to open up fine-grained gold particles hidden inside the rock grains for further flotation also results in partial comminuting of large grains of gold.
Stronger minerals can be destroyed by foreign impurities and defects in the grains of rock.
At the discharge energy of 45÷120 J and the discharge voltage of 30 kV clay dispersion takes place, and grains of rocks with defects and inclusions of foreign particles in the grain are crushed.
It is determined that it is necessary to increase the number of electrode cells and the frequency of slurry processing by electric discharges for further increase in the degree of enrichment of tailings for gold to obtain the concentrate containing no clay components and adsorbing gold complexes from leaching solution, as well as for increase in the degree of dispersion of grains of associated rocks.