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In addition, hardfacing-used materials, such as cobalt-base, nickel-base, or ceramic material, can be used for the PTA-coating procedure [5-7].
Among these hardfacing materials, cobalt-base materials can be used to improve the resistant wear of modifier rolls, pump sleeves, or engine valves [8-9].
[6] Rabiei, A., Mumm, D.R., Hutchinson, J.W., Schweinfest, R., Ru¨ hle, M., and Evans, A.G., Materials Science and Engineering, A269 (1999) 152–165
[8] Wu, C.S. and Gao, J.Q., Computational Materials Science, 24 (2002) 323–327
[15] Wachter, R., and Cordery, A., Diamond and Related Materials, 6 (1997) 537-541.

"Processing of Metals and Alloys", Materials Science & Engineering, Germany, p193, 1991. 5.
L.S.Peng and G.Collins: Materials Science Forum, Vol. 535, p235, 1997. 11.
M.J.Barro, E.Navarr and P.Agdo: Materials Science Forum, Vol. 235, p553, 1997. 15.
C.Suryanarayana: Materials Science, Vol. 17, p307, 1994. 18.
M.Morris and D.Morris: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 136A, p59, 1991. 19.

In addition, this kind of photoelectric film materials have light weight and good flexibility.
Thus, we’d better separate this special material from other construction materials
Material Saving Systems Green building materials will be a trend of wall materials in the near future.
The so-called green building materials, refers to a drug-free or low-toxicity of health-building materials, fire protection or fire retardant safe building materials, low energy consumption of energy-saving building materials and a variety of neww types of multifunctional materials.
Using industrial wast slag as the main raw materials reduces the burden of environment.

The cracked PVC pipe is rehabilitated with an inner composite epoxy material by a dig-free method.
The material characteristics of PAL-LINER are 9 103× Pa, 0.37, 1300 3 kg/m , 0.00006 and 0 Pa respectively.
Acknowledgments This paper was supported in part by the National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC, under the contract NSC 94-2212-E-150-021 and NSC 94-2212-E-150-022.
L., Journal of Applied Mechanics, 49, 103 (1982)
L., Journal of Applied Mechanics, 50, 221 (1983)

And in Eq. 4, the λi denotes the ratio of thermal conductivities, the footnote i represents different zones or materials, 1 and (i.e.λS) are set for fluid and thick walls respectively.
Ostrach, Natural convection in enclosures, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Vol. 110 (1988), p. 1175-1190 [8] F.
Incropera, Convection heat transfer in electronic equipment cooling, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Vol. 110 (1988), p. 1097-1111
Tien, Laminar natural convection in shallow open cavities, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Vol. 108 (1986), p. 305-309
Bejan, The “Heatline” visualization of convective heat transfer, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Vol. 105 (1983), p. 916-919

The test material is ordinary 20# carbon steel.
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1946,50:260-282
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1947, 50: 908-914
AICHE Journal, 1964, 10: 740-746
Nanjing: Sulfuric acid industry intelligence center of science and technology of ministry of chemical industry, 1990:11.

Sports tourism covers a wide scope; therefore it can increase the flow of people, goods and materials' consumption of tourism area, which will provide a large number of employment opportunities.
Acknowledgements Researches were performed in “Twelve-Five” social science research project funded by Education Department of Jilin Province.
Journal of Physical Education, Vol. 18, No.4(2011), p.53-56, in Chinese
Journal of Shenyang Sport University, Vol. 33, No.2(2014), p.64-67, in Chinese
Journal of Physical Technology, Vol. 32, No.3(2011), p.20-23, in Chinese

Existing structures e.g. towers, chimneys or poles despite being constructed from different materials (concrete, steel, composites) can be approximately considered as classically (proportionally) damped.
Acknowledgements The kind support of the Czech Science Foundation project No. 13-41574P and of the RVO 68378297 institutional support are gratefully acknowledged.
Sawicki, Response errors of non-proportionally lightly damped structures, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 200(4) (1997), 543-550
Wang, Perturbation method for determining eigensolutions of weakly damped systems, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 187(4) (1995), 671-681
Cha, Approximate eigensolutions for arbitrarily damped nearly proportional systems, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 288 (2005), 813-827

To account this, a Froude number based on the effective gravity level is defined as [19]   (5) where gef is the effective gravity and M* is ratio of human supported to total transported mass (space suits and supplemental materials).
In the absence of space suite and other materials M*=1 and Fref=Fr.
In a more broadly view, science itself is a self-organizing system.
Werner, Self-organized pedestrian crowd dynamics: experiments, simulations and design solutions, Transportation Science 39 (2005) 1-24
Miguel, Natural flow systems: acquiring their constructal morphology, International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 5 (2010) 230-241 [32] A.

The minimisation of the materials cost is achieved by optimal design (which will reduce the amount of expensive materials), and also by choosing the processes and the shape of the products that will maximize the amount of utility materials during manufacture.
Identify material selection factors for a particular component and lists the candidate materials.
(f) Materials are ranked in descending order of the matching index.
Springer Science-Bussines Media, LLC, pg. 245-269, chapter 10, 2006; [4] E.Speich, J.
Roberts, Intelligent material systems – The dawn of a new materials age, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 4Jully,1993, ISSN 1045-389X, 4-12; 2.14;