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A review of synthesis methods, properties and use of hydroxyapatite as a substitute of bone Amin Shavandi 1,a *, Alaa El-Din A.
El Haddad, A.
Feldman, et al.
[60] A.L.
[126] A.L.

Segatori, et al., Effect of liquid nitrogen die cooling on extrusion process conditions Key Eng.
Donati, et al., Scientific Benchmark 2015: Effect of choking and bearing length on metal flow balancing in extrusion dies, Mater.
Donati, et al., Industrial Benchmark 2015: process monitoring and analysis of hollow EN AW-6063 extruded profile, Mater.
Segatori et al., Extrusion Benchmark 2017: Effect of Die Design on Profile Quality and Distortions of Thin C-Shaped Hollow Profiles, Mater.
El Mehtedi, B.

El-Khatib1,a, MOHAMED S.
Orpe et al., Local structure of cobalt nanoparticles synthesized by high heat flux plasma process.
Slotwinski et al., Characterization of metal powders used for additive manufacturing.
Yang et al., Self-assembly and magnetic properties of cobalt nanoparticles.
Feng et al., Enhanced magnetic properties in ZnCoAlO caused by exchange-coupling to Co nanoparticles.

Nanocrystalline nickel is an example which has attracted much attention due to its improved surface properties such as hardness, corrosion and wear resistances, and also functional characteristics like magnetic and magentotransport properties [4, 5].Moti et al. found that the ultimate tensile stress of nanocrystalline nickel coatings (grain size 40 nm) of about 1300 MPa, which is a significant increase compared to the conventional polycrystalline nickel [6].
Jeong et al. found that the wear rate of nickel with grain size of 13nm, approximately half the rate of wear of polycrystalline nickel with a grain size of 90 μm [7].
Wang et al. also reported that the nanocrystalline nickel coatings compared to poly-crystalline, are more resistant to corrosion and fatigue [8].
Al-Hadhrami, Microstructure and surface mechanical properties of pulse electrodeposited nickel, Appl.
El-Sherik, U.

The steel was coated, by Cr/Ti-Al PVD, with a multi-layered nanostructured AlTiCrxN1-x film, having mean roughness of 50±5 nm, and total thickness of 2.9± 0.1 mm.
In the case of TiAlN/CrN nanostructured multilayers, the decomposition of the multilayer structure was reported to initiate starting from ~700°C, when each TiAlN layer decomposed into a Ti-rich and two Al-rich layers [17].
Mitterer, Thermal stability of Al–Cr–N hard coatings, Scripta Mater. 54 (2006) 1847-51
Yamada, Structure and properties of Al–Ti–Si–N coatings prepared by the cathodic arc ion plating method for high speed cutting applications, Surf.
El Mehtedi, A.H.

Chaudhari et al [7] described a method to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Adhatoda vasica leaf extracts at room temperature and its application in photocatalytic degradation of dyes.
Pirtarighat et al [8] examined green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the plant extract of Saliva spinosa grown in vitro and their antibacterial activity assessment and the resulting nanoparticles UV–visible spectral analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs with a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 450 nm and the nanoparticles was spherical in shape with the antimicrobial assay verified bactericidal activity of biosynthesized AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
S., El-Nekeety A.
[17] Yassin, M.T., Mostafa, A.A.F., Al-Askar, A.A. and Al-Otibi, F.O., 2022.

One of the earliest arrays is the linear array installed at El Centro in the United States.
Somerville et al (1991) proposed a model that attributes the spatial variation of the motions to the wave propagation effect, the finite source effect, the effect of scattering of the seismic waves as they propagate from the source to the site, and the local site effects [21].
For example, Ding et al (2003) calculated numerically motion field at rock site from a dislocation source model with considering of source rupture velocity, number of sub sources, source depth and wave velocity of the crust medium [23].
Sen, et al.: Structural Safety, Vol. 10 (1991), p.1 [22] A.
Jin, et al.: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration (in Chinese), Vol. 23 (2003) No.2, p.8 [24] X.

By using semi-continuous digestion of the bio-solids that was pretreated at 300 psi, Dereix et al. (2006) demonstrated a 3-fold increase in biogas production compared with the controls.
Jin et al [17]. also reported that high temperature resulted in a better performance in terms of glucan/xylan reduction and phosphorus solubilization in dairy manure and the optimal values of temperature and heating time were 147oC and 25.3 min for methane production, and 135oC and 26 min for orthophosphate release, respectively.
[3] Adel AM, El–Wahab ZHA, Ibrahim AA, Al–Shemy MT.
[7] Ladisch MR, Mosier N, Hendrickson R, Dreschel R, Welch G, Dien BS, et al.

Schievano et al., “Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation Based on Rapid Prototyping of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Pulmonary Trunk from MR Data,” Radiology, vol. 242, no. 2, pp. 490–497, 2007
Fuenmayor, “Evaluación basada en el método del gradiente de las propiedades elásticas de tejidos humanos in vivo,” Rev.
Daldrup-Link et al., “Whole-Body MR Imaging for Detection of Bone Metastases in Children and Young Adults,” Am.
Lecouvet et al., “Magnetic resonance imaging of the axial skeleton for detecting bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: Diagnostic and cost-effectiveness and comparison with current detection strategies,” J.
Schirrmeister et al., “Early detection and accurate description of extent of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer with fluoride ion and positron emission tomography,” J.

Srivastava et al. reported that the increasing pH caused the decreasing the size of copper nanoparticles [5].
However, opposite results reported by Amirsalari et al. that the size of alumina crystalline nanoparticles increased with increasing pH of the solution [6].
Mahnique et al. reported that the melting point of KOH was at 406°C [4].
Srinivasan et al. found that the tetragonal phase is the phase that will appear first from the amorphous phase [10].
Daher, Emad El-Kashef, Novel Decomposition Method for Zircon, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 460 (2008) 577-580