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However, the current management practice is mainly based on qualitative estimation and engineers’ experience, and hence may not be reliable or cost effective.
Undoubtedly, an effective and reliable NDE technique plays a key role in asset management of utility poles.
As the result, current management practice is mainly based on qualitative estimation and engineers’ experience.
All NDE methods use some forms of energy propagation through or around a material to infer some important characteristics about the specimen being examined.
The framework could also be applied for utility poles of other materials.

Also, an appreciation goes to the College of Mechanical Engineering Technology in Benghazi, Libya.
Balaji, Evaluation of hardness and tensile strength of micro spot welded joints on different materials, Int.
[26] ASTM, Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials, ASTM E8-04. (2021) [27] World Material, EN 1.0038 steel S235JR material equivalent, properties, composition. (2022).
Rethwisch, Fundamentals of materials science and engineering: an integrated approach, John Wiley & Sons, 2020
Trojan, Engineering materials and their applications, fourth ed., Wiley-VCH, 1994

Earth reinforcement is an ancient stabilization method for developing environmentally friendly building materials, which not only attracts the attention of researchers but has been widely used in civil engineering and construction [21, 22].
Zhang, Production of bricks from waste materials - A review, Constr.
Gholizadeh, a Review of Impact Behaviour in Composite Materials, Int.
Ling, The Constituents of a Composite Material, in Composite Materials, Springer, New York, 1999, pp. 15–53
Chiang, Utilization of sludge as brick materials, Adv.

Introduction Advanced composite laminates have been extensively used in many structural applications, especially in aerospace engineering due to their strength/weight ratio relative to metallic materials.
Composite materials and structure can delamination along weak interfaces by failure modes that create a large-scale fracture process zone.
Piezoelectric materials (such as PZT) and structures have received a deserving attention in the recent years, in virtue of their self-monitoring and self-controlling properties.
In many engineering applications, these piezoelectric smart structures may experience various impact events [14].
The friction between fiber and matrix material of this pull-out process contributes to the fracture resistance of the crack.

The stress lag in external tendons can be prevented and material benefits can be maximized using the technique in structural strengthening.
Corrosion free, high strength-to-weight ratio enable CFRP composites to be a potential replacement for ordindary steel external tendons in engineering applications.
It is expected that failure mode of the beams is concrete crushing rather than tendon rupturing for engineering safety.
Li, in: Composites in Civil Engineering, edtied by A.
China civil engineering journal, Vo. 32, No. 4(1999), p. 37-44.

Simulation of atomic structure and diffusion characteristics of point defects in BCC and FCC metals Irina Valikova1,a , Andrei Nazarov1,b 1Department of Material Science, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse, 31, Moscow, RUSSIA aIValikova@mail.ru, bavn46@mail.ru Key words: Diffusion, point defects, pressure, formation volumes, migration volumes Abstract.
Fundamentals, methods, materials, diffusion-controlled processes (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007)

Grader Chemical Engineering Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel grader@tx.technion.ac.il Keywords: PZT films, thickness, sol-gel, microstructure, image analysis Abstract: The R&D of state of the art PZT (PbZrxTi1-xO3) films is important due to their piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties.
These diverse applications rely on the piezoelectric, pyroelectic and ferroelectric properties of the PZT material.
The production of the PZT films is particularly important since they have several key advantages over bulk ceramics that include lower driving voltage and device dimensions as well as easier integration into electronic circuits.
Experimental: For precursor synthesis the following starting materials were used: lead acetate trihydrate Pb(O2C2H3)2·3H2O (99,5%, Fluka), titanium iso-propoxide Ti(OC3H7)4 (97%, Aldrich) and zirconium acetyl acetonate Zr(O2C5H8)4 (98%, Sigma). 1,3-propanediol (99%, Fluka) and acetylacetone (98%, Fluka) were employed as a solvent and stabilizer, respectively.

Furthermore, the biosciences are increasingly confronted with minute amounts of this material obtained from natural or biological systems.
Synthesis of Trisaccharides UDP-galactose + aminosugar containing isomeric disaccharide(new donor) Gal(β1-3)GalNAc Gal(β1-3)GlcNAc Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc Gal(β1-6)GlcNAc ----- → isomeric trisaccharide (new linkage-isomeric oligosaccharide) Gal(β1-4)Gal(β1-3)GalNAc Gal(β1-4)Gal(β1-3)GlcNAc Gal(β1-4)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc Gal(β1-4)Gal(β1-6)GlcNAc Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Experimental Section Materials.
In contrast, the NMR method requires a relatively large sample amount (mg level) for a structural analysis, which is the weak point of this analytical method as regards biological samples, while mass spectrometry requires small sample amounts (µg level) and provides a unique method for investigating the type, number of sugar constituents, sequence, and sugar composition of molecular ions, as well as key fragments.
This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R04-2002-000-20042-0).

Research on post-tensioned unbonded prestressed concrete hollowed floor Xiaohua Yang1,2,a,Chaoyang Zhou2,b,Xuejun He2,c,Teng Chen1,d 1 Schools of Civil Enginerring, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, China 2 Schools of Civil Enginerring ,Central South University, Changsha 410075, China ayangsheep@126.com, bjoezycn@163.com, cjunxuehe@126.com, dchenteng@126.com Key words: post-tensioned unbonded prestressed concrete hollowed floor; slab-column structure; mechanical behaviors.
Therefore, in same conditions of spans, sections and materials, the deflections of flat beams in direction vertical to layout of tubes should be more than that in direction parallel to layout of tubes, and the twisting angles in direction vertical to layout of tubes should also greater than that in direction parallel to layout of tubes.
The geometry sizes of finite element model, properties of material and applied loads are exactly the same as test model.
Through above analysis, the reinforcement of hollowed floor in X direction should be attention to in engineering applications.

Point Defects in 4H-SiC Epilayers Introduced by 4.5 MeV Electron Irradiation and Their Effect on Power JBS SiC Diode Characteristics Pavel Hazdra1,a, Vít Záhlava1,b and Jan Vobecký1,2,c 1Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, CZ-16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic 2ABB Switzerland Ltd., Semiconductors, Fabrikstrasse 3, CH-5600 Lenzburg, Switzerland ahazdra@fel.cvut.cz (corresponding author), bzahlava@fel.cvut.cz, cjan.vobecky@ch.abb.com Keywords: silicon carbide, radiation defects, electron irradiation, power diode Abstract.
Introduction Outstanding properties of SiC (wide bandgap, high electric and mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity and stability, and high radiation resistance) make this material suitable for fabrication of high-power and high-frequency devices or electronics operating at high temperatures and radiation levels.
Only the recent improvements in SiC material allowed for its industrial application.
Point defects generated by radiation are then of key importance since they are produced both during device processing (ion implantation) and device operation (by cosmic rays).
The dominant peak EA1 was identified as the Z1/Z2 electron trap attributed to an intrinsic acceptorlike defect which appears at low concentrations in as-grown material and is enhanced by irradiation [7].