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Muthupandid Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India ampshanker@gmail.com, brslingaa@gmail.com, cksp@nitt.edu, dvmuthu@nitt.edu Keywords: Friction stir processing, micro arc oxidation, Al-2014 aluminium alloy.
References [1] Changzheng Wang, Dong Zhang, Yongfeng Jiang, Growth process and wear resistance for ceramic coatings formed on Al–Cu–Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation, Applied Surface science. 253 (2006) 674-678
Song, Characterization of Al2O3 ceramic coatings on 6063 aluminum alloy prepared in borate electrolytes by micro-arc oxidation, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 462(2008) 99-102 [3] A.
[9] Yang Guangliang, Lu Xianyi, Bai Yizhen, Cui Haifeng, Jin Zengsun, The effects of current density on the phase composition and microstructure properties of micro-arc oxidation coating, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 345 (2002) 196–200

Materials are isotropic.
This paper took the large finite element structural analysis software ANSYS 10.0 that can consider about material, geometry and fettle nonlinear at the same time to found the analysis model of CFDST K-joints, simulate and analysis it’s mechanical behavior.
Thus, the size and material levels of the inner steel tube can be appropriately cut down while designing.
References [1] Tao Zhong,HanLinhai and Huang Hong:MechanicalBehaviourof Concrete-Filled Double Skin Steel Tubelar Columns with CricularCular Sections,Vol.37,P.10 of China Civil Engineering Journal,pp.41-51(2004)
[2] Liu Yunping,BaoHua,HongJunqing and Chen Guoqing:Application of ANSYS-Based Contact Analysis in Reinforced Concrete Sliding,Vol.8,P.2 of Journal of Nantong University(Natural Science Edition),pp.70-73(2009)

These soil materials are intermediate in degree of decomposition, shear strength, compressibility and permeability.
International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(8) (2011) p. 1988-1996 [4] A.
Malaysian Journal of Civi Engineering 19(1) (2007) p. 84-90 [5] I.S.
American Society For Testing and Materials (1981)

Mathematical model Create the model considering two aspects : the fluid flow tube and the surrounding solid media ( including the wall , backfill materials , soil ) in the conduction process.
The heat conduction equation of backfill material: The heat conduction equation of soil: In the equation, is the fluid temperature(℃), is the outer wall temperature, is the soil temperature; u is the velocity of flow(m/s); is the fluid density; is the fluid specific heat(KJ/(Kg.K); h is the Convective heat transfer coefficient(W/(m2.K)); r is the Internal diameter of pipe(m); is the outer Wall thermal diffusivity(m2/s); is the backfill material thermal diffusivity(m2/s); is the soil thermal diffusivity(m2/s); is Computation time.
Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University: Natural Science,2011,27( 1) : 111 －114
Journal of Refrigeration, 2004，25( 2) : 39—42

Riedel: Materials Science and Engineering A: Papers from the German Priority Programme (Functionally Graded Materials), 362(1-2), (2003) p. 81106
Borchert: Materials Science Forum, 308-311, (1999) p. 422-27
Choi: Materials Letters, 37(6), (1998) p. 304-11
Paik: Materials Science and Engineering A, 323(1-2), (2002) p. 110-18
Moya: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 22(16), (2002) p. 2799-804

In addition, ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software was used to simulate water-entry process of cushion materials with different densities.
The material models of steel and water are easy to be obtained, and the real data can be obtained only when the mechanical models of cushion materials are acquired.
The acceleration curve in Fig. 12 and the stress curve in Fig. 13 can be obtained by substituting the three densities polyurethane materials.
According to the effective stress curves of the head, the cushion effect of materials with three densities can be seen.
Shock mitigating materials and methods utilizing spiral shaped elements[J]. 2018

Experimental Work 2.1 Materials and Methods Imidazole compounds 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole, 2,4,5-Triphenylimidazole, and 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole were synthesized in the Natural Product and Chemical Synthesis Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Deep appreciation is also expressed to the ITS Global Engagement and Laboratory of Instrumentation and Analytical Science at ITS for providing the necessary support and resources.
Nakanishi, “Fabrication of unique porous polyimide nanoparticles using a reprecipitation method,” Chemistry of Materials, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1901–1905, 2007, doi: 10.1021/cm062709w
Omer, “Preparation and Characterization of Organic Nanoparticles of Oxadiazole Derivative in Aqueous Media,” Journal of Natural Sciences Research, vol. 4, no. 21, pp. 81–86, 2014
Bouzid, “Formulation and Optimization of Diclofenac Sodium Loaded Ethylcellulose Nanoparticles,” Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 58, pp. 1–11, 2022, doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19586

Studies on Mechanical and Optical Characteristics of TiN Films Deposited on Al, Ti Buffer Layers Mei-Jie Zhang1, a, Jing Wang 1, Guang-Rui Gu1, b*, Bao-Jia Wu 1, Hong-Wei Tian2 1Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China 2Department of Materials Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China aemail: 391860319@qq.com, bemail: grgu@ybu.edu.cn *Corresponding author Keywords: Buffer layers, Magnetron sputtering, Mechanical properties, Optical characteristics.
Over the past few years, multilayer films have been used to design and research the interfaces which the three dimensional nano-composite materials could not be easy to close to.
Therefore, it makes sense to improve the surface reflectance or reflection energy and thus to ease temperature rise as decoration materials with high hardness, oxidation resistance and wear resistance for TiN films.
Suzuki, Optical and mechanical properties of Cr and CrNx films by dc magnetron sputtering, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 218 (1997) 68-73
Jin, Studies of the structure and surface roughness of AlN thin film, Rare metal materials and engineering. 29 (2000) 394-397.

An New Approach for Estimating Critical Injection Pessure and Fault Stability During Fluid Injection into Rock Reservoir Junping Zhou 1,2,a, Deguo Xiong3,Xuefu Xian 1,2, Yongdong Jiang 1,2, Zhanfang Liu 1,2and Dasheng Gu 1,2 1 State and local joint engineering laboratory of methane drainage in complex coal gas seam，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China; 2 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044, China; 3 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic university, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China azhoujp1982@sina.com Key words: Fault reactivation, seismicity, poroelasticity, fluid injection pressure, Mohr–Coulomb criterion, carbon dioxide sequestration Abstract.
Hamidreza Soltanzadeh et al15 using Eshelby’s theory of inclusions for a poroelastic material to analysis fluid injection induced stress, then the Coulomb failure criterion was incorporated for fault reactivation tendency analysis.
Acknowledgements This work is a result of partial support under Natural Science Innovation Group Foundation of China(Grant no.)， the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars(Grant no. 50904082)，the Natural Science Foundation for of chongqing (Grant no.CSTC 2010BC6006).This support is gratefully acknowledged.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences ,45:132–143(2008). 14.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences .2009: 46（1）:1–7. 16.

Preparation and study of spherical nickel hydroxide coated by cobalt oxy-hydroxide HOU Xin-gang1,a, LIU Wen-wu2,b, LI Cai-xia3,c, WANG You-fu4,d, 1,2 State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, China 3,4 College of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, China a houxg1958@163.com, b lb06080428@163.com, c licaixia12@163.com, d wyf1988@163.com Keywords: nanometer nickel hydroxide; coat; CoOOH; phase structure; electrochemical properties Abstract: Nanometer nickel hydroxide particles coated by cobalt oxy-hydroxide are prepared through chemical precipitation method.
It is known that the active material-nickel hydroxide is a low conductivity p-type semiconductor, there is a relatively large resistance between the nickel hydroxide particles and the current collector [1], thus resulting in poor electrode performance and a relatively low active material utilization.
To reduce the resistance between the active material and current collector, and to maximize electrode performance, many researchers coat cobalt hydroxide on the surface of nickel hydroxide particles [2].
A structure of β-Ni(OH)2 is maintained for both the active materials with different amounts of coated layer.
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2000, 18(2): 215-219