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This method consists of heating the material with a resistively heated filament or beat, generally made of refractory metals such as W, Mo, Ta and Nb with or without ceramic coatings.
Roy and Swati Ray: 11th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering conference (PECVD II), Japan, Sept. 20-24, 1999
Bandyopadhyay, 7th International Conference on Thin Films (ICTF-7), held at New Delhi, 7-11th Dec.'87, 260, 1987
Sen and Suchitra Sen, Journal of Materials Research 7, 1377, 1992

They can also be used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, biocatalysis, adsorption, sensing, membrane separations, and antibacterial activity [21-23].
Gupta, Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nano-particles for biomedical applications, Biomaterials. 26(18) (2005) 3995-4021
Kumar, Nano-particles in biochemical engineering: Synthesis and applications, in: Vijay K.
Chrisey, Flexible ferroelectric polymer-nanocrystal composite films for large-scale capacitive energy storage, International Journal of Theoretical Physics, Group Theory, and Nonlinear Optics 18(2) (2014) 187
Ceramic Soc. 85 (2002) 1318–1320

References [1] V.I.Tretyakov, Metal-ceramic cemented carbides, Metallurgizdat, Moscow, 1962 (in Russian)
Engineered Surfaces on Cemented Carbides Obtained by Tailored Sintering Techniques.
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 36(2013)10-21
In: Handbook of Ceramic Hard Materials, Vol.I, p.202-252, ed.
Kassel D, Gradient microstructure engineering in hardmetals.

Kostorz2, b 1 Boise State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise, ID 83725, USA 2 ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland a petermullner@boisestate.edu, bkostorz@emeritus.ethz.ch Keywords: twinning, microstructure, dislocation, disconnection, disclination, Heusler alloy, magnetoelasticity, magnetoplasticity, magnetic shape-memory alloy.
Since dysprosium is not an engineering material, since the experiments had to be performed at liquid helium temperature (the Curie temperature of Dy is 85 K), and since the required magnetic field was 10 T and more, this research did not spark any further studies oriented towards applications.
Field-induced twinning is the mechanism of electro-mechanical actuation of ferroelectric Perowskite-based ceramics including PbTi03 and BaTiO3 (e.g. [29]).
Mullner: European Physical Journal, (2008), in press. 14.
Celotto: International Materials Reviews Vol. 48 (2003), pp.225-245. 16.

Whited, Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol, Curr.
Oil & Gas Journal, 12 (April) (2004) 53
Noshadi, A review of methanol production from methane oxidation via non-thermal plasma reactor, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2010, 62: p. 354
Corma, Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering, Chem.
Caratzoulas, The roles of catalysis and reaction engineering in overcoming the energy and the environment crisis, Chem.

Copyright by ASM International.
Jones, Engineering Materials 2, Int.
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Table 1: Semiconducting polymer nanocomposites and their applications Nanoparticles Polymer Synthesis Applications References CdSe PVA, PMMA, PVP Chemical method, Microwave processing, Luminescent devices, non-linear optical devices, non-volatile memory devices, tissue engineering [34-39] CdS PVA, PMMA, PVK, P3HT, PS, Polypyrrole, PANI Chemical synthesis, freeze drying method, sol-gel method Photovoltaic devices, as a photocatalyst, gas detection [40-45] ZnSe P3HT:PCBM, PVA, PVP, Chemical synthesis, microwave irradiation Hybrid solar cell, green light emitting diode, fluorescence detection [46-50] ZnS PVA, PVP, PPV, PMMA Chemical synthesis, chemical co-precipitation method, Optoelectronic devices, nonlinear SHG devices, Biomedicine [51-55] ZnTe PI, Poly(MMA-co-BzMA) Electrodeposition, solution dispersion Photovoltaic activity, optical and magneto-optical applications [56-57] CdTe PVA, PDMAEMA, PPV, PS, Poly- (vinyl acetate), PMMA Inkjet printing, chemical method, Light emitting
(iii) Polymerized Complex Method: Polymerized Complex Method is widely used to prepare a variety of ceramics oxides.
Du, Multifaceted applications of nanomaterials in cell engineering and therapy, Biotechnol.
Tiwary, Microwave assisted synthesis of CdS nanoparticles for structural and optical Characterization, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3 (2014) 10670-10674
Halimi, Electronics, Communications and Photonics Conference (SIECPC), 2011 Saudi International, E-ISBN : 978-1-4577-0067-5 Print ISBN: 978-1-4577-0068-2

Despite being almost pure mineral, dental enamel is unlike ordinary ceramics typified by an exceptional toughness and only moderate brittleness.
Besides, as the number of atomic elements available to humans in the design of advanced materials and structures far exceeds that employed by the living organisms, it is natural to expect that not merely imitating and copying, but being inspired by, learning from and going beyond the natural design is the way forward for materials science and engineering of the future [153].
Experiments on using phage peptide libraries [81,157] and engineering novel specific protein sequences [73] based on adsorption studies present some of such attempts to go beyond Nature.
Smith: Enamel Agenesis and Aberrant Mineralizations Occur in Enamelin Null Mice, Presented at the International Association of Dental Researchers Conference, Toronto, July 2008
DenBesten: European Journal of Oral Sciences Vol. 114, 2006, pp. 105-110