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In this paper, in-situ synthesized WC reinforced Fe-based composite was successfully fabricated with tungsten powder and graphite as main raw materials.
Materials and methods The test matrix material was Q235 steel with dimensions of 80 mm×40 mm×10 mm, washed with alcohol after surface mechanical pretreatment to remove oil and rust pollution.
The raw materials contain 50wt% tungsten and the atom ratio of W and C was 1:1.5.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by NSFC (51271158), natural science foundation of Hunan province (10JJ6078) and postgraduates research innovattion of Hunan province (CX2012B269).
Durand-Charre: International Journal of Refractory Metal & Hard Materials Vol. 26 (2008), p. 372-382 [3] Yu Zhang, Minlin Zhong and Wenjin Liu: Heat treatment Vol. 30(30) (2005), p. 1-5 “In Chinese” [4] Libin Niu , Yunhua Xu and Xiaogang Wang: Sur. & Coat.

Fatigue Life Prediction of Isothermal Forging Dies Based on Average Strain Method Jun Cai 1, a , Fuguo Li1, b , Min He 1, c, Peng Chen2, d 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 710072 2 The First Aircraft Institute of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Xi'an, China 710089 a caijun0116@163.com, bfuguolx@nwpu.edu.cn, cheminbox@sohu.com, dchildpal@gmail.com Keywords: isothermal forging die; average strain method; die life Abstract.
Introduction Isothermal forging is a main forming method of aerial materials difficult to deformation, such as Ti alloy, P/M superalloy and intermetallic compound [1, 2].
However, the damage of materials is different on cyclic plastic zone.
Superalloy K403 is used as die material, die and environment temperature are both 900℃.
Li: Journal of Mechanical Strength, 24 (2002), p. 104

In electrical discharge machining (EDM), processing accuracy was effected by behaviors of molten material.
Pressure was important for removing fused material.
It was reported that the pressure during discharge was influenced by material removal and heat affected zone [2].
Thermal and Fluid Science, 5, 1992, pp. 781-789 [4] H.
Kageyama et al., : Doppler Effect in Flexible and Expandable Light-Waveguide and Development of New Fiber-Optic Vibration/Acoustic Sensor, IEEE Journal of Light Wave Technology, Vol. 24 (4), 2006, pp.1768-1775 [6] Yoshiaki Akematsu et al., Measurement of Acoustic Emission Wave by Using Optical Fiber Sensor during Microsecond Discharge, Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 381-382, 2008, pp 399-402 [7] Yoshiaki Akematsu et al., Detection of Elastic Wave by using Optical Fiber Sensor during Single Pulse Discharge, J.

The crack growth rate and the length at which the cracks stop growing are also influenced by the thermo-physical and mechanical properties of the die material.
Calibration and validation of an elasto-viscoplastic material model for a hot work tool steel used in pressure casting dies.
Key Engineering Materials, 345-346 I:685–688, 2007
International Journal of Engineering Science, 16(4):277 – 285, 1978
Effect of material properties on the thermo-mechanical loading and damage of pressure casting dies – a numerical study.

Combustion synthesis technology is one of the new technologies of preparing new materials.
It is also most commonly used to produce structures and assemblies from parts and devices with greater performance at lower cost than those obtained from individual materials by combining materials
So TiB2 has been widely applied in the areas of hightemperature structural materials, wear-resistant materials, corrosion stability materials and electric materials, etc.
Messler: Joining of Advanced Materials, (1993), p. 431
Zurbuchen and T.T.Orling: Welding Journal, Vol. 10 (1995), p. 37

Earthen composites (rammed earth, cob, adobe, daub, CEB…) are experiencing renewed interest from builders due to the many advantages of these building materials, and in particular their eco-friendliness.
Nevertheless, the widespreading of these materials, as certified materials and conforming to construction standards, comes against the lack of data concerning their mechanical properties.
In the last century, in developed countries, it was generally replaced by modern, standardised materials.
As earthen materials are often assessed based on texture diagram Towards an easy decision tool to assess soil suitability for earth buildingA new methodology to identify and quantify material resource at a large scale for earth construction – Application to cob in Brittany, we also presented in figure 1-b the classification of the soil based on the French soil science organisation GEPPA Guide des analyses en pédologie.
Sturges, The choice of a class interval, Journal of the American Statistics Association, 21 (153), 65-66, 1926

Microstructure of prepared materials was examined by Olympus PME3 light microscope.
Bhaduri: Manufacturing and processing of NiTi implants: A review, Progress in Materials Science, 57 (2012) 911-946
Wang: Fabrication of porous NiTi shape memory alloy for hard tissue implants by combustion synthesis, Materials Science and Engineering A366 (2004) 114-119
Sikong: Characteristics and compressive properties of porous NiTi alloy synthesized by SHS technique, Materials Science and Engineering A515 (2009) 93-97
Massalski: Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM, Materials Park, 1990

As a method to research into the material resource metabolic action of nature-economy-society three-dimensional ecosystem, the basic thought of emergy analysis is to transfer different types, incomparable energy and materials fluid or stored in the ecology economic system into solar emergy of the same standard, which is count by sej.
Journal of Beijing Forestry University (2001), 23(6): p. 66-69.
(In Chinese) [6] Shengfang Lan, Feipeng Chen, Xinmao Liu: Emergy analysis on agriculture eco-economic system[J], Ecologic Science (1995), (2) 1.
(In Chinese) [17] Guowei Xu, Shuling Huang, Xintian Yuan, Yang Gao: Emergy analysis of agriculture ecosystem in China[J], Journal of Chifeng University (2011), Vol. 6.
Journal of Resources and Ecology: Emergy Evaluation of Agro-ecosystem of Shiyang River Basin, Northwestern China.

It is made of two materials: scatter and matrix, as seen in Fig. 2.
The materials selected for the scatter, coating and matrix are steel, rubber and epoxy.
Journal of vibration and shock.
Locally Resonant Sonic Materials[J].
Science Press.(2006) [8] Zhengyou Liu et al.

In the numerical FEM analysis, non-linear material properties have been simulated using stiffness degradation (due to damage under cyclic loading) model of concrete and elastoplastic damage model of reinforcing steel.
Non-linear material properties have been simulated using stiffness degradation (due to damage under cyclic loading) model of concrete and elastoplastic damage model of reinforcing steel (see [10] for details).
The details of material and geometric properties have been specified according to the descriptions given by Mahin et al. [11].
Jankowski: Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 8 (2008), p. 1850
Jankowski: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 347 (2007), p. 339