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., coal, ore, crude oil, groundwater, natural gas, etc), underground engineering in the urban area and displacement of earth crust are major factors that can cause surface deformation and uneven settlement.
Material operation(without swing column, it participates in the former three deformation only): The base of swing column (if it has swing column) which simulate earth surface deformation are fixed;1)the base of the left column and right column exert displacement towards right and left respectively, to simulate ground compression deformation; 2)the base of the left column and right column exert displacement towards left and right respectively, to simulate ground stretching deformation; 3)the base of the left column and right column exert displacement towards downwards and upwards gradually, to simulate ground tilt deformation; 4)the base of the left column and right column exert displacement towards upwards gradually, to simulate ground positive curvature deformation; 5)the base of the left column and right column exert displacement towards downwards gradually, to simulate ground negative curvature deformation.
Acknowledgements The Foundation support of the National natural science foundation of China(50774081), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University（NCET-07-0804）are gratefully acknowledged and the "11th five-year" plan national key project of science and technology (2006BAJ14B07 & 2006BAJ05A08) .

Bournot2,e 1Unit of heat and thermodynamics of the industrial processes, National Engineering School of Monastir, Route of Ouardanine, 5000 Monastir,Tunisia 2IUSTI, UMR CNRS 6595, Technopôle Château-Gombert, 5 rue Enrico Fermi, 13013 Marseille, Cedex 20, France aradhouane_amina@yahoo.fr, bmahjoub_nejla@yahoo.fr, chatem.mhiri@enim.rnu.tn, dgeorges.lepalec@univmed.fr, ephilippe.bournot@univmed.fr Key words: twin jets, crossflow, mass transfer, pollutant dispersion.
This flow may present some complications if it disperses pollutants within urban regions, or a too hot flow near a shielding material that does not support such conditions.

GOMES Correia2,c and PAULO Pereira2,d 1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 2Centre for Territory, Environment, and Construction, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal aandrirfan@yahoo.com; bsigit@eng.ui.ac.id; cagc@civil.uminho.pt; dppereira@civil.uminho.pt; Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Optimization, Pavement Maintenance, Overload Traffic Abstract.
To obtain a good result, the policy maker efficiently utilize the existing resources, by optimizing the equipment, materials, personnel, methods, and costs.
Nkem, Cumulative Damage Effects of Truck Overloads on Nigerian Road Pavement, International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 14 No: 01 (2014) [4] Sianipar C.
Eng.,126(5), 367–374 [10] DGH (2012) Annual Report 2012, Public Work Ministry [11] Nega A., Nikraz H., Herath S., Ghadimi B., Distress Identification, Cost Analysis and Pavement Temperature Prediction for the Long-Term Pavement Performance for Western Australia, IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 4, August 2015 p 167-175 [12] Sayers, M.
Good technical foundations are essential for successful pavement management, key note paper, proceedings of MAIREPAV’ 03, Guimaraes, Portugal [20] Karlaftis A.

Introduction Nanoscale ferrite materials belong to a material widely used in engineering and manufacturing.
Materials and Methods Synthesis.
A, Materials Science & Processing, 130(1). (2024)
Materials Science & Engineering.
Results in Engineering, 23(102473), (2024). 102473

These readings can be obtained with greater accuracy than electrical resistance strain gages, the readings are immune to electromagnetic/RF interference, and the sensors are not a spark source, which is a key issue if monitoring is to be done near combustible materials.
The usefulness of this method has been shown both for data that contains an artificially introduced discontinuity and to an actual engineering system that has a rattle [15].
Our approach, proven successful when applied to various engineering applications [37,38], is to search for consistent results when screening is performed using various techniques.
Tomlinson, “Fail-safe sensor distributions for impact detection in composite materials” Smart Materials and Structures; 9 (3) (2000), pp.298-303. 10.
Gross, “Sequential Probability Ratio Tests for Reactor Signal Validation and Sensor Surveillance Applications,” Nuclear Science and Engineering, 105, (1990) pp. 383- 390. 23.

Engineering design specifications for the freezing pipes are φ108 × 8, a total of 128 pieces.
The largest displacement was 0.47 mm, happening to the measurement point 3#, nearest point to tunnel excavation circumference, equivalent to engineering practice 10.34mm.
The biggest displacement was 0.3 mm, happening to the measurement point 6#, on the top of down link line tunnel, equivalent to site engineering practice 6.6mm.
The frost heaving displacement of the top of the uplink tunnel frost wall maximized as 1.36mm, equivalent to engineering practice 29.92mm.
[4] Zhou.X.M，Wang.M.S，Tang.L.G，et al: Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol.25(2003), p676–679. in Chinese [5] Liu.R.F, Zhang Q H, Hu X.D.

Clay materials, are known for their abundant availability and unique physicochemical properties, have been explored as components of MFCs.
Materials and Methods 2.1.
The reason for this is that a community of different organisms produce different enzymes to degrade different substrates or materials in the wastewater as a result of this variation there is a wide umbrella of organic materials that can be degraded unlike pure cultures, which produce one kind of enzymes to degrade a specific substrate.
Al-ghouti, “Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Characterization and assessment of process water from oil and gas production : A case study of process wastewater in Qatar,” Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, vol. 6, no.
Dhahad, “Contaminants Removal from Real Refinery Wastewater Associated with Energy Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell,” Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 107-114, 2023, doi: 10.12911/22998993/156081

Carbon-based materials have been used for a wide variety of applications [2-3].
Agglomeration of CNS has been observed in the prepared materials.
The novelty of this work will facilitate the fabrication of less agglomerated materials thus lead to a wide application of such materials in nanocomposite and catalysis.
Bermúdez, Microwave heating processes involving carbon materials, Fuel Process.
Hegazy, Recent Advances and Perspectives of Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Anode Materials for Li-ion Batteries, Materials 12 (2019) 1229

Solar energy is the perfect key to sustainable development for future energy requirements.
Flexible transparent materials are unstable at high temperatures.
Carbon materials Carbon materials based counter electrodes are very attractive due to its excellent catalytic activity, low cost, low electric resistance and anti corrosive.
Transition metal carbides Transition metal carbides materials are employed as effective catalytic materials for counter electrode of DSSCs.
They offer less cost, less pollutant, simple synthesis procedure and easy energy-gap engineering.

Causative mechanism of the continental margin polymetallic nodules from the South China Sea and its resource effects Zhang Zhen-guo1,2,a, Liu Chang-shui1,2,b, Gao Lian-feng1,2,c, Zhang Ying1, Shi Guo-yuan1, Zhang Peng1 1College of Mining Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, China 2Key Laboratory Mineral Development and Security Technology of Hebei Province, Tangshan 063009 China a zzgcugb@163.com, bLiuchangshui@163.com, cytgaolf@163.com Keywords: Sedimentary environment, Causative mechanism, Marginal sea polymetallic nodules, Resource effects, South China Sea Abstract.
Quantity of terrigenous material flows into the sea and stacks at continental shelf and borderland basin by the surface drainage.
Secondly, the key to the growth and development of research samples in the high sedimentary rate environment of continental margin lies in the unique geographic position and palaeo-ocean environment.