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The effect of friction between the probe and the workpiece will lead to an increase in temperature in both materials.
The resulting two-dimensional image will show the difference in colour due to the difference in thickness or density of the tested materials.
The work was also supported by PEPS-JV (M) Sdn Bhd and Institusi Kemahiran MARA Jasin for the contribution of the experimental materials used in this study and the usage of equipment to carry out research work.
Fleck, “Friction Stir Welding of Carbon Steel for Application in Used Fuel Containers,” Materials Science Forum, vol. 786, pp. 1753–1758, 2014, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.783-786.1753
Ma, “Friction stir welding and processing,” Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, vol. 50, no. 1–2, pp. 1–78, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.mser.2005.07.001

Hu [4] researched the aging behavior in transformer oil, and compared the changes in CH4 release, surface topography and molecular structure for different NBR materials.
Rubber materials and products are inevitably subjected to heat and the oxygen in air.
As a kind of elastomer, rubber materials are often in a state of stress.
In certain environment the radiation may play an important role in the aging of rubber materials.
Lei: Journal of Southwest Petroleum University, Vol. 36 (2014), pp. 145-151 [17] Y.

In spite of endless variety of modern insulation materials [1], these houses are still insulated with classical, cost effective materials.
Material Thermal conductivity coefficient λu - design values [W∙m-1∙K-1] Dry soil 0.7 Loamy sand soil with natural moisture 1.4 Wet loamy sand soil 2.3 Soils can be fully or partially substituted by artificial materials, for example hydrophilic mineral wools [4].
Singh, Advances in the building materials for thermal comfort and energy saving (2013), Recent Patents on Engineering, 7 (3), pp. 220-232.
Černý., Thermal conductivity of mineral wool materials partially saturated by water (2006), International Journal of Thermophysics, 27 (4), pp. 1214-1227.
[7] ČSN EN ISO 10456, Building materials and products - Hygrothermal properties - Tabulated design values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values, Prague: Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, 2009

Hard metal carbide, oxide and nitride such as TiC, TiN, Al2O3 and Ti(C,N) are commonly used coating materials.
The early coating tool is often a single coat of these materials.
The materials of workpiece are quenched 45 and T10A steel, with hardness of 50~52 and 58~60 HRC respectively.
The different forms of damage are caused by the difference in hardness of the two kinds of workpiece materials.
Zhao: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology No. 10, Vol. 30 (2008), p. 109 [5] G.S.

These are processes that give construction industry materials energy, which could be called incorporated energy.
Materials and methods Materials Ceramic waste mud used in this study was from Xin Kai Ltd. in Shenyang, China.
So from the cement mortar strength indicators, ceramic waste mud can be used as cement mixing materials.
[3] The consumption of cement in China hoping to breakthrough two billion ton（Liaoning Building Materials）2010.09, 24-25
Journal of the chinese ceramic society, 2008(01): 115-120.

The glass fiber textiles and metal sheets were stacked as dry flat raw materials in the tool.
Sinke, Manufacturing of GLARE Parts and Structures, Applied Composite Materials 10, pp. 293–305, 2003
April 2015, Graz, Key Engineering Materials Vols. 651-653, pp. 439-445, 2015
November 2016, Pilsen, Materials Science and Engineering 179, 012004, 2017
Farjadfar, Deep-drawing of thermoplastic metal-composite structures: Experimental investigations, statistical analyses and finite element modeling, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 215, pp. 159-170, 2015

Investigating Different Heat Treatment Methods to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of 9254 Steel Nawaf Muteb Alharbia, Bader Mohammed Alghamdib, Osama Mohammed Alalic , Khalid Nabeel Alfalehd, Abdullah Almohammedalie, Majed Abdesamief and Turki Nabieh Baroudg Materials Science and Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia aeng.alharbi.nawaf@gmail.com, b201935230@kfupm.edu.sa, cs202014340@kfupm.edu.sa, ds201929010@kfupm.edu.sa, ea.almohammedali@kfupm.edu.sa, fmaged.abdelsamie@ kfupm.edu.sa, gturkibaroud@kfupm.edu.sa.
Experimental Procedure Materials.
Acknowledgement The authors would acknowledge the support by the Vice Deanship of Student Affairs for Student Excellence & Success and the Materials Science and Engineering Department in King Fahd University of petroleum and Minerals.
Advanced Materials Research, 996, 749–754
[8] Cruz Jr., J.A., Santos, D.B., Effect of tempering temperature on isothermal decomposition product formed below Ms, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 2, 93-99, 2013

Sahin, Preparation and some properties of SiC particle reinforced aluminium alloy composites, Materials and Design, 24 (2003) 671-679
Shirvani Moghadda, Comparing the effect of processing temperature on microstructure and mechanical behavior of (ZrSiO4 or TiB2)/aluminum composites, Materials Science and Engineering A, 498 (2008) 53-58 [4] P.
Kumar, A comparative study on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al6061 alloy and the MMC Al6061/TiB2/12p, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 9 (2010), pp. 57-65
Lakshminarayanan, Dry sliding wear behaviour of in situ Al-TiB2 composites, Materials and Design, 47 (2013) 167-173
[9] Mingliang Wang, Dong Chen, Zhe Chen, Yi Wu, Feifei Wang, Naiheng Ma, Haowei Wang, Mechanical properties of in-situ TiB2/A356 composites, Materials Science and Engineering A, 590 (2014) 246-254

In fire extinguishing and rescue, whether it is a pipeline fire extinguishing system or a portable fire extinguishing system, metal materials have been widely used, but metal materials are more prone to corrosion, especially when there is water, electrochemical corrosion is prone to occur, lead to changes in the shape and mechanical properties of the metal, thereby affecting the practicability of metal materials.
This structural feature can effectively reduce the corrosion of metal materials by the internal liquid.
Fire Safety Journal, 115 (2020)
Science and Technology Outlook. 26 (2016) 88
Materials protection. 53 (2020) 95-99

Preparation of New Structural TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and Study of Photoelectric Properties Wang Xiaoqiang a, Wang Jianmin, Guo Jing, Li Yueliu and Li Mingya School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Branch, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.
The electrode materials of DSSC are currently indium tin oxide film, that makes preparing difficult and costly [5,6].
Deng, A Novel Solar Cell Fabricated with Spiral Photo-Electrode for Capturing Sunlight 3-Dimensionally, Science in China Series E, 49 (2006) 663-673
Hupp, New Architectures for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, Chemistry A European Journal, 14 (2008) 4458-4467