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Ground heat exchanger technology is key in GSHP system, which has a direct impact on the efficiency of investment and long-term reliability of operation for GSHP, and thus affects the outdoor area.
At present, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA), are based on the line model to calculate the heat transfer of the vertical ground heat exchanger.
U-vertical Ground Heat Source Line Model for Heat and Moisture Transfer Assumption of the physical model Making the following assumption for the soil heat transfer: 1) The soil is porous, and consists of the solid material, water, gas.

Hadavi2,b 1Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering Research Group, Technology and Engineering Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran. 2Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction Nanofluids created by dispersing nanometer-sized materials, such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires and nanosheets, in base fluids basically include water, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and engine oil, have shown remarkable potential enhanced thermophysical properties[1–5].
A Brookfield viscometer with a temperature bath (supplied by Brookfield Engineering Laboratories) was used to measure the viscosity of Al2O3 - graphene/ ethylene glycol -water nanofluids in the shear rate range of 0.3 RPM – 70 RPM.
Thai, Temperature Effect on the Stability of CuO Nanofluids Based on Measured Particle Distribution, Key Eng.
Li, Experiment and artificial neural network prediction of thermal conductivity and viscosity for alumina-water nanofluids, Materials (Basel). 10 (2017)

Photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductor materials, such as silicon, germanium and doped semiconductor materials.
In this regard, semiconductor materials serve the best.
The energy bands for the three types of materials, viz., metals, non-metals and semiconductor materials are shown in the picture below.
The first technical document featuring the methodical details of the engineering elements was compiled by a French Engineer Bernard Forest de Belidor in “Architecture Hydraulique”.
Corma, Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering, Chem.

The key to solving the problem is realizing that the net work in process 34 is zero.
The prototype would be designed per normal engineering practice by a team including: a utility, an engineering design contractor and specialized equipment suppliers.
Background technical information including: most of the figures used in this paper, links to the referenced articles, thermodynamics analysis, drawings, and videos of models, and reference material is available on Vortex Engine web site: http://vortexengine.ca References [1] K.
Renno, ‘The Sky’s the Limit,” Mechanical Engineering April 2011, p. 4243

Drag Reduction Technology of Jet - A Review Gu Yunqing1,a, Fan Tianxing1,b, Mou Jiegang1,c,*, Wu Denghao1,d, Zheng Shuihua1,e, Jiang Lanfang2,f (1College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China) (2Zhijiang College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310024, China) aguyunqing@hrbeu.edu.cn, b675473451@163.com, cmjg1964@zjut.edu.cn, dwudenghao@aliyun.com, ezneu@zjut.edu.cn, fjlf@zjc.zjut.edu.cn Key words: lateral jet, drag reduction, aircraft, shock wave, votex Abstract.
Lateral jet technology has been widely used in many fields of engineering, such as dispersing pollutants, turbine combustor cooling, pneumatic control of aircraft, etc.
Bushnell etc [48] found that using intelligent materials and flow control technology can effectively realize drag reduction method of shock wave interference.
Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2013, 10(3), p 341-349
Engineering Mechanics, 1999, 16(3), p 64-69

Research on Pitting Corrosion Fault Model of Vibrating Screens Rolling Element Bearing Xuanming Zhao 1,2, a, Baoliang Guo2 Zhishan Duan3 1 College of Energy Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin ShaanXi China, 719000 2 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an ShaanXi China, 710055 agamezxm@163.com(corresponding author) Keywords: vibrating screen; rolling element bearing; pitting corrosion; Abstract.
Hertz presented the following hypothesis in the analysis: All of the deformation in elastic range, no more than the material's proportional limit.
Research on key techniques for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing in heavy noise[D].
Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2007, 41(4): 551-555.

Recent advances in quasi-zero-stiffness vibration isolation systems Fu Niu1,2,a, Lingshuai Meng2,b , Wenjuan Wu2,c ,Jinggong Sun2,d , Weihua Su2,e, Guang Meng1,f and Zhushi Rao1,g 1 State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China 2Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 106 Wandong Road,Tianjin, 300161, China aniufu@vip.sina.com, bmengls1989@sina.cn, cwuwenjuan@sina.com, dsunjinggong@sina.com, e13512062095@126.com, fgmeng@sjtu.edu.cn, gzsrao@sjtu.edu.cn Keywords: Quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS), Low frequency and ultra-low frequency, Vibration isolation, Advances Abstract.
Fig.2 Schematic representation of a disk spring It is found that the material and geometrical properties can be adjusted to obtain the desired nonlinear stiffness characteristics.
Dong: Study on Ultra-low frequency parallel connection isolator used for precision instruments (in Chinese), Chinese Mechanical Engineering.
Li: Study on new type Vibration isolation system based on combined positive and negative stiffness (in Chinese), Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering.

Experimental Study on Specimens of Steel Secondary Beam Embedded in Reinforced Concrete Girder of Frame Structure Qiong Yua, Zhoudao Lub, Jiangtao Yuc, Xingzhuang Zhaodand Jin Daie Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China ayiongyu2005@163.com, blzd@tongji.edu.cn, cyujiangtao@tongji.edu.cn, dzxz_342@163.com, edaijin_2008@qq.com Key words: Superposition of shear and torsion, Rotational angle, Embedded coefficient, Pullout failure, Joint failure.
But in engineering practice, the linear rigidity of the frame girder is smaller, so a weaker restraint action of concrete girder on steel beam, a bigger deflection of the steel beam, a larger moment in the mid span steel beam, and a lower load capacity of the steel beam are resulted.
In the definition of contact property, in relation to normal action the hard contact is selected for contact pressure and the gab in between, and for tangential action the coulomb friction model is chosen. 5.2 Material properties The concrete damaged plasticity model and the stress-strain diagrams for uniaxial tension and compression recommended in Code for design of concrete structures (GB50010-2002) of china are applied [9].
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, Vol.43 (1), p. 1-7

Online Dynamic Balance Detection Method of High Speed Motorized Spindle Based on LabVIEW Zhan WANG1, 2,a*, Wei TU1,2,b 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China 2National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-Grade Stone NC Processing Equipment and Technology, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang,110168, China ajuven1126@163.com, b13998100929@163.com Keywords: Motorized spindle; the dynamic balance; Online detection; LabVIEW Abstract: Aiming at the dynamic unbalance problem of high speed motorized spindle, an online dynamic balance detection method based on Fourier transform, polynomial curve fitting and Hooke's law is proposed, at the same time, based on virtual instrument LabVIEW software platform, programming deal with the vibration spectrum image of the motorized spindle.
The modulus of elasticity reflects the material resistance to the tensile or compress deformation. 3.
The ability and authenticity of the module are verified in practical engineering.
Improved switching table for direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifier[C].Australasia, IEEE Proceedings of Power Engineering Conference CAUPE , 2007
Enakoutsa; Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University; New applications of a generalized Hooke's law for second gradient materials[D].Mississippi State: Mississippi State University,2015:13-17.

If this principle is good in all cases, then there is no need to take into consideration the center of symmetry of the set S, since for example if one has a 2D factory piece which has heterogeneous material density, then its center of weight (barycenter) is different from the center of symmetry.
Extension Engineering [M].
S., Mitroi, D., "Walking Robots Dynamic Control Systems on an Uneven Terrain", Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, ISSN 1582-7445, e-ISSN 1844-7600, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 146-153, 2010, doi: 10.4316/AECE.2010.02026 [12] Guan Feng-Xu, Wang Ke-Jun.
Engineering Science, 2001, 3 (7): 54-58
To Find the Key Matter-Element Research of Extension Detecting [A].