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Methods of research were based on domestic and foreign materials on use of alternative fuel in agricultural production.
– use as raw materials for production of biofuel, as a rule, the biological raw materials unsuitable for the food purposes [15]. 2.
World experts unambiguously support use as initial raw materials of biomass of the second generation.
Schmitz, Brazil’s ethanol program: the case of hidden subsidies, International Sugar Journal. 105 (2002) 254-265
Babiker, Is emissions trading always beneficial, Energy Journal. 25 (2004) 33-56

Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices. 5, 2 (2020) 185-191
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 872, 1 (2020) 012099
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 32, 9 (2021) 12164-12181
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 29, 10 (2018) 8535-8546
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 434, 1 (2018) 012079

The black oxide of iron, magnetite (Fe3O4) which acts as magnetic materials and water as a base fluid are considered.
Sugunamma, Effects of aligned magneticfield and radiation on the flow of ferrofluids over a flat plate with non-uniform heat source/sink, International Journal of Science and Engineering 8 (2015) 151-158
Shafie, MHD Free Convection Flow and Heat Transfer of Ferrofluids over a Vertical Flat Plate with Aligned and Transverse Magnetic Field, Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2016) 1-7
Ahmed, Unsteady MHD forced convection over a backward facing step including a rotating cylinder utilizing Fe3O4-water ferrofluid, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 484 (2019) 356-366
Afrand, Experimental determination of viscosity of water based magnetite nanofluid for application in heating and cooling systems, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 417 (2016) 243-248

Considerable improvement in mechanical properties of the ceramic materials has been achieved by incorporating one or more other components into the base material to form ceramic-matrix composites.
The properties of the nozzle materials are listed in Table 1.
Based on the physical and chemical compatibility analysis [7-9], the compositions of the SiC/(W,Ti)C FGM nozzle materials were determined and listed in Table 2.
Zhao: Design and Fabrication of Functionally Gradient Ceramic Tool Materials and Their Cutting Performance (Ph.
Deng: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.98 (2000) No.3, pp.292-298

Then the above powder materials were added into a single plastic screw extrusion machine and heated until complete melt of caprolactam powder.
It was no oil-polluted yarns in usage of the self-lubricant roller bearing with composite materials so it was fully avoided oil-polluted yarns.
Improvement on Yarn Qualities The self-lubricant roller bearing with composite materials and ordinary needle roller bearing were adopted to spin two kinds of rovings including of JC14.5 Texand JC9.6 Tex respectively.
Development and Performance Study of A Solid Lubrication Material, Journal of ShanDong Science Vol., 23 (2010), p. 51-53
Yu: Friction Characteristics of Epoxy Resin Adhesive Lubrication Coating, High polymer materials science and engineering Vol.,27 (2011), p. 80-84

Half metallic ferromagnets are candidate materials for novel electronic devices, which can control the spin character of the conducting electrons.
Introduction Rapid progress in information technology requires the development of electronic or magnetic materials with novel concept and properties.
In the half metallic ferromagnet materials, the electronic structure is metallic for the electrons with one of the spin and is semiconductor-like for the other spin.
Acknowledgement Part of this study was financially supported by the Research Foundation of Materials Science, and Suzuki Motor Corporation.
Prinz: Science Vol. 282 (1998) 1660

Pramanik (2015): Electrical Discharge Machining of MMCs Reinforced with Very Small Particles, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, DOI:10.1080/10426914.2015.1048360 [6] B.
Science Direct Computer-Aided Design 43:303–315 [14] R.V.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering.
International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology.28: 67-75 [21] Kozak, J., Rajurkar, K.P. and Chandarana, N. (2004) Machining of low electrical conductive materials by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 149:266-276 [22] N.

Studies on photodegradation kinetics of Rhodamine B by Titanium dioxide - carbon composite materials Shengmin Sun Chemical center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076 xdoubao@163.com Key Words: Titanium dioxide; Activated carbon; Photocatalyst Abstract: The composite materials were prepared with high-viscosity clay as carrier, activated carbon as adsorbent, and titanium dioxide as photocatalyst.Kinetic process of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B was investigated at different reaction conditions using the composite materials.The results shown that : rhodamine B was the maximum catalytic activity when the initial reaction solution concentration is 5mg/L,pH=6,and composite material dosing quantity is 5g/L.The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation reaction can be expressed by the first-order reaction kinetic model.
Therefore, this study combines the characteristics of the activated carbon and titanium dioxide, makes composite materials with activated carbon and TiO2 as raw materials, and uses Rhodamine B dye wastewater as target degradation to study the composite kinetic of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under different conditions.
Expect to help the development of titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst. 1 Experiments 1.1 The synthesis of titanium dioxide-carbon composite materials Composite material is made of using tetrabutyl titanate as the main raw materials, to prepared titanium dioxide photocatalyst by ultrasonic dispersion method,and clay as the carrier and activated carbon as help adsorbent to be mixed by a certain percentage and then dried at 100℃. 1.2 Measurement and characterization The phases of the compounds are characterized by Rigaka D/max-ⅢA type X-ray Diffraction (XRD) with voltage of 40kV and current of 150mA. 1.3 Photocatalysis To preparate a series of concentrations of standard solution of rhodamine B 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg / L.
The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation reaction can be expressed by the first-order reaction kinetic model. 4 Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (B200902).
[J].Journal of Photochemistry and photobiology A: Chemistry. 2005, (169): 279-287

Cobalt Element Doping for Biomedical Use: A Review Lei Liu1, Run Huang1,a*, Lan Zhang2 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China 2State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China ahuang.run@stu.xjtu.edu.cn Keywords: Cobalt ion; Implant; Osseintegration; Biological effect Abstract.
Materials Science & Engineering C, 2019, 99: 770-782
Journal of Cell Science, 2006, 119:2667-2678
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22:21686
Materials Letters, 2018, 215:87-90

Adhesives are advantageous for joining thin or dissimilar materials, minimizing weight, and when a dampening joint is needed.
Maximum force applied cause failure of materials.
[3] Imanaka M, Fujinami A, Suzuki Y, Fracture and yield behavior of adhesively bonded joints under triaxial stress conditions, Journal of Materials Science 35 (2000) 2481–91
[4] Afendi M, Teramoto T, Effect of bond thickness on fracture behavior of interfacial crack in adhesive joint of dissimilar materials.
Stress-strain Curves, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massauchusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 (2001).