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Subsequent thermal treatment of this hydroxide leads to crystalline phase transition and the loss of hydroxide groups, which is liberated as water leaving alumina structure [9].
Catalyst characterization The phase and crystal structure of supports and catalysts were obtained by XRD.
After increasing the sintering temperature to 1300ºC, the mullite structure was initially formed, when increasing the sintering temperature to 1400ºC, the intensity of mullite phase was increased whereas the contaminations from the cristobalite phase and the alumina phase were decreased.
From the characterization, the support structure was consisted of cristobalite, corundum, mullite, and alumina; the metal oxide on the catalyst surface was in the form of MnWO4.
Acknowledgements Financial supports from the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, and the National Center of Excellence for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials (NCE-PPAM) are gratefully acknowledged.

The effects of solvent composition on the propagating features of polymerization front and on the gel structures of final products were investigated.
The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images (Figure 2) revealed that all samples in different synthesis-solvent exhibited interconnected porous structures, while the pore shape of them were different.
However, the samples of FPE and FPT are characterized by honeycomb and honeycomb-like porous structures, respectively.
SEM micrographs revealed that all PNIPAm hydrogels displayed interconnected porous, and the different mixed solvent resulted in different pore structure, which can account for the difference in swelling capability.
P., Principles of Polymer Chemistry.

Bi5AgM4O18 (M=Nb and Ta) photocatalysts with 3.07-3.55eV of band gaps and layered perovskite-like structures showed activities for 2-propanol degradation in gas phase.
Due to the appropriate crystal structure and energy band structure, Bi5AgNb4O18 performed much better than Bi5AgTa4O18 for 2-propanol photodegradation.
From the XRD patterns, one may conclude that the Bi5AgM4O18 (M=Nb and Ta) have orthorhombic structures.
Conclusion In this study, silver-containing multiple-metal oxides with orthorhombic structure, viz.
Cook, Crystal chemistry and crystallography of the Aurivillius phase Bi5AgNb4O18, J Solid State Chem 177 (2004) 3359-3367.

Glass fibers, used in geogrids, are heat-resistant and have stable size and chemistry; however, they tend to break from the clefts on the surface.
The embedded steel/ PP geogrids provided the main concrete structure with a 300 kg loading as concrete pieces could attach onto the geogrid when the structure broke [3].
It may be because that the melted PP did not have an even structure; therefore, the tensile strength results were very different.

Foam structure of compositions 2 and 5 The figure shows that with an increase in temperature from 800 to 825 °C, the viscosity of the mass decreases so much that the pressure of the foaming gases forms a porous structure.
Appen, Chemistry of Glass [in Russian], Khimiya, Moscow, 1974
Shelby, Introduction to Glass Science and Technology, second ed., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2005
Baak, The action of calcium fluoride in slags, in: The physical chemistry of steelmaking, Chipman and Hall, London, 1958
White, The structure of the liquid silicates.

A new technology to obtain a fine-structured and high-toughness HAZ of HSLA steel for high heat input welding is developed using metallurgical thermodynamics, physical chemistry of metallurgy and material processing methods synthetically in this study.
Using the oxide of high melting-point and high stability to pin the grain boundaries is an effective method to improve the welding performance of the structure steel.

Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of (1-x)(Ba0.85Sr0.15)TiO3 - x(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 System Umi Nuraini1,a, Yhuanita Nurul Kaukaba1,b, Mashuri1,c and Suasmoro1,d* 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia auminuraini36@gmail.com, bYhuanita.kaukaba@gmail.com, cmash@physics.its.ac.id, d*suasm@its.ac.id Keywords: BST-KNN, Crystal structure, Defect Structure, Ferroelectric-Relaxors.
The influence of KNN doped BST systems on crystal structure and dielectric properties will be investigated.
It related to the defect structure that occurs in the BST systems after KNN doped.
Crystal structure from the sintered BST-KNN samples with variation of x= 0.1 and 0.2.
Chougule, Studies on electrical and dielectric properties of Ba1−xSrxTiO3, Materials Chemistry and Physics 104 (2007) 254–257

This is an unusual and promising approach, as well as modification of materials structure through solvent manipulation, which is a more practical and unexpensive procedure than synthesis of new polymer structures.
Naturally, after undergoing the sulfonation reaction, the polymer structure is modified, causing alterations in organization and packing of polymer chains.
Cristina Iojoiu, PhD and the research group from Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Physical-Chemistry of Materials and Interfaces (LEPMI) at Université Grenoble Alpes, without whom none of the efforts within this work would have been possible.
Sun, High-performance and robust high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes with moderate microphase separation by implementation of terphenyl-based polymers, Journal of Energy Chemistry 92 (2024) 572-578
Krähenbühl, Determination of the Hansen solubility parameters of vegetable oils, biodiesel, diesel, and biodiesel–diesel blends, Journal of the American Oil Chemistry Society 92 (2015) 95-109

Surface structure is known to affect wettability.
Fig. 1 Schematic Drawing of Surface Structure Control.
Left: Macroscopic Structure (~mm), Wenzel Contact.
Right: Microscopic Structure (~µm).
Suganuma, "Reaction Chemistry at Joined Interfaces Between Silicon Nitride and Aluminum," J.

The experimental results showed that the crystal structure of the as-prepared Ag nanowires was fcc structure with uniform width, smooth surface, the diameter about 200nm,the average length about 15μm,and the aspect ratio up to 75.The folded structure of silver nanowires synthesized were due to the straight silver nanowires were connected in an end-to-end manner, with obvious spacing between them.
Furthermore we also study the crystal structure, morphology and the generation mechanism of Ag nanowires .
The total length of folded structure nanowire is about 5-18μm.
The gap junction of folded structure are visible at the circles in Fig.3(a).
(2) The folded structure Ag nanowires with diameter of 110-150 nm were composed of 3-7 joints , the formation reason was that the straight silver nanowires were connected in an end-to-end manner,and the gap junction of folded structure were visible.