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To obtain statistically reliable data,for each experimental condition, matrix of 8x8 (64) indents were carried out.
The contact depth, hc, can be estimated from the load-displacement data as (Eq. 2): hc=hmax-e(Pmax/S) (2) where hmax is the maximum indenter penetration depth at the peak load, Pmax, e is a tip dependent constant, Sis the material stiffness.
At the same time, the substrate recorded a significant hardness reduction starting from 973 K, and at 1173 K their hardness was as low as 3-4 GPa, which, compared to the room temperature value of 13 GPa, means a dramatic reduction of 70-78%.
Present results are in good agreement with some previously reported data on similar coatings [6,8,9,28-32].
Nix, A method for interpreting the data from depth-sensing indentation instrurnents, J.

This paper describes a new testing equipment developed to perform geogrid creep tests under confined load and in different temperatures simultaneously, and the confined load and temperature factors’ influence on the creep characteristics of geogrid was researched systemically , then the tests data was dealt by correlation analysis.The results shows that :the influence of confined load on geogrid creep is very significant, creep tests under no confined load will produce conservative results .The influence of confined load is weaker than the influence of temperature factor.
Introduction Geogrid is a kind of reinforced materials,which is widely used in geotechnical engineering.The geogrid creep stress relaxation is the main reason that lead to the geogrid failure eventually.In the project,conventional tests,time-temperature superposition tests(TTS) and stepped isothermal tests(SIM) are carried out to predict the long-term creep and calculate the creep strain reduction .
Determination of creep reduction factor of geosynthetics by time-temperarure superpositon[J].

Under this circumstance, the operation risk due to the uncertainty of wind generation and the contribution of wind power to energy conservation and emission reduction are quantified, and the corresponding quantified operational cost, environmental cost and operation risk are being integrated into the economic dispatching model to establish a multi-objective optimization dispatch model.
The method is applied to Hebei Southern power grid, simulated with actual wind power output data of one typical day.
Table1 Traditional generator’s emission and its handling cost (kg/Mw.h) (kg/Mw.h) (kg/Mw.h) emissions 649 0.206 9.89 Handling cost (yuan/kg) 14.842 0.210 62.964 Fig. 2 gives the actual wind power output for a typical day in HBS (96 time series data).
The forecasting data is also given in Fig.2.
The method is applied to Hebei Southern power grid, simulated with actual wind power output data of one typical day.

Many cost reduction are done on product design, material cost and manufacturing operation.
The product performance will be considered to prevent the reduction of reliability and degradation.
This data is collected for a month.
Fig. 3: The Maximum temperature profiles for single laser pulse Fig. 4: The Maximum temperature profiles for 2 laser pulse (a) (b) Fig. 5: a:The pull test data of heat experiment, b: The bridging model validation Conclusion The simulation shows how model responds the laser pulse.

Introduction The circular economy is the pattern of economic growth, characterized by waste reduction re-use, and reclamation in material cycle, and regarding improving resource productivity by a large margin as a means, and taking achieving a paperless economic growth as a goal[1].
While the others are negative indexes, the smaller the better. the original data from Ningbo Statistical Yearbook is dimensionless treated according to the range normalization method.
(2)Resources-reduction subsystem in the evaluation results appears a wavy upward, the maximum(1.00) and the minimum value (0.18) respectively in 2011 and 2001, But there was a slight fluctuations in 2004 and 2007.
The change concerned greatly with the "reduction, re-use, resource-based" principle adhered to by Ningbo, the encouragement to use information technology and ecological technology, the efforts to reduce resource consumption and waste emissions, improved the efficiency of resource use.
The sites strengthen the industrial chain matching, urge symbiotic relationship among the enterprises, realize the transfer between material and energy gradually, and recycle of resources use and pollutant emission reduction

The first type is the CD sample and the second one, CR, was the sectioned sample which was cold- rolled (CR) to a reduction of 45%, heat-treated at 300°C for 0.5 hour, and cold-rolled again to a reduction of 45%.
The total reduction is about 71%.
The orientation distribution function (ODF, f (g)) was calculated from incomplete {111}Cu, {200}Cu, {220}Cu, {311}Cu, and {110}Nb, {211}Nb, {200}Nb pole figures by the X’Pert Texture software based on the WilliamsImhof-Matthies-Vinel method after correction of the data with respect to measured background and calculated defocusing error.
However, only in the late stage of deformation, such as reduction-in-area larger than 80%, the intensity of the {110}<112> is stronger than the {110}<001> component.
The total cold-rolling reduction-in-area is about 71% for sample CR.

The up and down trip directions of the buses are roughly comparable. 2989s time data totaling 10107 datasets were obtained during the obtained, and the transient output voltages and currents of the buses were taken.
Using battery electric vehicles as a substitute for public transition lines based on conventional vehicles has great potential for emission reduction.
These are equivalent to a reduction of 95%, 99%, 89% and 87%, respectively.
The older the vehicles used in the substituted line, the higher the emission reduction effect.
Conclusions After follow-up analysis of the immense emission reduction potential displayed by battery electric buses of different technical levels over many years, Pure electric car is cheaper than gasoline savings.

Elongation and reduction of area are looked as plasticity index of metal materials.
By measuring, elongation and reduction of area of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 2Cr13 welding joint filled in different welding wire are as table5, in which, 1# stands for 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 2Cr13 welding joint filled in ER308 welding wire, 2# stands for 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 2Cr13 welding joint filled in H1Cr21Ni10Mn7Mo welding wire, 3# stands for 2Cr13 base metal, 4# stands for 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal.
Table 5 Elongation and reduction of area of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 2Cr13 welding joint filled in different welding wire Number 1# 2# 3# 4# l0/mm 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 l1/mm 63.40 54.88 58.73 76.69 δ 26.80% 9.76% 17.46% 53.38% S0/mm 37.40 41.55 41.29 37.64 S1/mm 20.63 38.67 26.71 21.97 ψ 44.84% 6.96% 35.31% 41.63% These data can de compared horizontally on the basis of same experiment, From table5,elongation of welding joint filled in ER308 welding wire is 26.80%, reduction of area is 44.84%;elongation of welding joint filled in H1Cr21Ni10Mn7Mo welding wire is 9.76%,reduction of area is 6.96%；elongation of 2Cr13 martensite stainless steel is 17.46%,reduction of area is 35.31%;elongation of 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenite stainless steel is 53.38%,reduction of area is 41.63%.

The conclusion is reached that the vibration amplitude should be cogitatively set to achieve better surface quality while realizing the reduction of the grinding force.
Fig. 1 The experimental apparatus of ultrsaonic assisted grinding The experimental equipment built contains machine tool, ultrasonic vibration system, dynamometer and data acquisition system.
The data acquisition system contains three charge amplifiers (each for one axis), an acquisition card and a computer.
Here a and b are independent constants which can be obtained by linear fitting of experimental data.
Grinding force data can be acquired during the process, which contains the cutting period and idle period as shown in Fig. 2.

Other research used ANOVA to identify significant difference between the actual data and three forecasting methods for on time series dataset [9].
ANOVA is used as the feature selection for the PQD features data set.
Feature selection by ANOVA: feature reduction after ANOVA analysis.
Schincariol, Local s-spectrum anaysis of 1-D and 2-D data, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.103,pp.329-336, (1997)
Panigrahi, Advanced signal processing technique for feature extraction in data mining, International Journal of Computer applications, vol.19, no.9,pp.30-37, (2011)