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With the conclusion of the USDOE HighStrength Weight Reduction Materials (HSWRM) effort, which focused on applications in the heavy-duty vehicle industry, the materials research in this area is now simply known as Lightweighting Materials (LM).
Ferrous materials like the steels, for instance, are not low-density materials, but increasing their strengths leads to down-sizing of components and a net weight reduction.
The team has well exceeded the mass reduction target with respect to the Al version of the Ford 2.5 L Duratec engine shown in Figure 2a and expects to complete engine testing to validate the model and the alloy properties.
As result, the Ultra-Large Casting (ULC) project was launched to assess the manufacturing feasibility, economics and mass reduction potential of large, thin-wall structural castings of Al and Mg as applied to automotive weight reduction.
During the course of this project, methods and data to assist in the economical design of EMF sheet forming systems were evaluated including: materials information and design methods for durable coils, coil durability test data for selected materials and design concepts, dynamic and hybrid formability data, methods for modeling the forming process, and concepts for the industrial implementation of the technology in an automotive manufacturing environment [8].

The optimization has two goals: weight reduction and bearing load capacity.
According to maintenance data, one third of all overhauls of hydraulic servoactuators were caused by leakages through the mentioned sealing.
The second important criterion was the weight reduction.
[4] 304 Chromium - �ickel specification sheet, Sandmeyer Steel Company material data, 2007
[6] B - H curve for Armco iron, The German Electron Synchrotron DESY material data, 2006.

Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for an Extended-range Electric Vehicle Jigao Niu1,2,a, Su Zhou 1,2,3,b* 1Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, 2School of Automotive Studies, 3Sino-German Postgraduate School Tongji University (Jiading Campus), 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China b*suzhou@tongji.edu.cn, ajigaoniulucky@163.com Keywords: series extended-range electric vehicle; control strategy; fuzzy logic controller; fuel consumption; emission reduction Abstract.
The E-REV offers the opportunity for petroleum independence, and a dramatic reduction in emission for many drivers [1].
Data exchange between Cruise and Simulink is realized by using the component Matlab DLL.
Table 2 Comparison between PFCS and FLCS in the Extended-range Mode Cycles PFCS (L/100km) FLCS (L/100km) Ftp72 6.58 6.07 Highway 7.04 6.33 Conclusions The E-REV offers a compromise between conventional vehicles and purely electric vehicles, the opportunity for petroleum independence, and a significant reduction in emissions for many drivers.

Under this circumstance, the operation risk due to the uncertainty of wind generation and the contribution of wind power to energy conservation and emission reduction are quantified, and the corresponding quantified operational cost, environmental cost and operation risk are being integrated into the economic dispatching model to establish a multi-objective optimization dispatch model.
The method is applied to Hebei Southern power grid, simulated with actual wind power output data of one typical day.
Table1 Traditional generator’s emission and its handling cost (kg/Mw.h) (kg/Mw.h) (kg/Mw.h) emissions 649 0.206 9.89 Handling cost (yuan/kg) 14.842 0.210 62.964 Fig. 2 gives the actual wind power output for a typical day in HBS (96 time series data).
The forecasting data is also given in Fig.2.
The method is applied to Hebei Southern power grid, simulated with actual wind power output data of one typical day.

The inserts profile and geometry data are presented in Fig. 1.
Significant amount of reduction of chatter amplitude may be observed from this figure.
Reduction at other conditions is not that significant.
Reduction of the amplitude of machining vibration at other trial runs is shown in Fig. 4.
Heating at 420 0C helps in lowering down acceleration amplitude and the maximum reductions were 600%. 3.

Thus, the reduction of the primary particle size and application of amorphous precursors could enhance the densification of Si3N4-based compacts.
A new possibility for preparation of Si3N4 based powders comes from the top-to-bottom method, if particle size reduction could be achieved by the fracturing and wear of tough silicon nitride particles.
The reduction of AlN crystallite size was noticeable after milling for 30 min. with silicon nitride balls.
Thus, it could be concluded that in the first step the reduction of the size of AlN crystallites took place and was followed by the oxidation of the fine particles during prolonged milling.
Measured and calculated from the XRD data weight fraction of oxygen in the activated powders The measured oxygen content was always higher than that calculated from the XRD results, thus oxidation of silicon nitride during milling is confirmed.

With M=46 (Hamming) the two window have equal main lobe width but the proposed window offers -5.3 dB side lobe reduction.
The reduction in side lobe peak is 18.5 dB with M=10 (-55.2 dB compared to -36.7 dB).
It is obvious that the proposed window also outperforms the Hanning and Bartlett windows because Hamming window shows better side lobe reduction than these windows for the same main lobe width.
Finally, for the same specification proposed modified Lanczos window shows more side lobe reduction with slight increased main lobe width in comparison with *new window [9].
Zierhofer,“Data window with tunable side lobe ripple decay”, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 14, no. 11, Nov. 2007

To have a better understanding of the naturally occurring and phase transformation between CO2 and reservoir fluid and provide accurate data for designing an oil development plan, we must know the interactions between CO2 and reservoir fluids.
Hence, in the first part of this paper the CO2 and reservoir fluid phase equilibrium is measured with laboratory experiment, then the collected data is used to calculate the theory and practical CO2 Sequestration capacities.
According to the International Energy Agency data, over the next 25 years, development and industrialization, particularly in the Asian economies such as China and India, is forecast to derive a further increase in fossil fuel demand of some 70%[3].
The statistical data indicate that the injection of CO2 can lower reservoir oil viscosity by 40% at pressure of 18.93MPa which is lower than MMP.
The experimental data was also used to evaluate theoretical and effective CO2 sequestration capacities.

Based on these data it is known that the viscosity of slurry increases with increasing addition of fused silica.
The STA data that has been interpreted into DSC and TGA data at once in one graph can be seen in figure 5.
DSC data is depicted by black lines and TGA graphs are depicted by blue lines.
The STA data that has been interpreted into DSC and TGA data at once in one graph can be seen in figure 5.
DSC data is depicted by black lines and TGA graphs are depicted by blue lines.

Therefore, this method is characterized by massive measurement data, low inspection speed and high labor intensity.
It should be point out that the data acquired by using the ASTM E1268 standard cannot be simply compared with the data obtained by other methods.
The AI value in American standard is a quantitative rating data of the steel's banded degree or directionality degree.
According to the author's experience, for the same picture, the data obtained in American standard will be closer to the data acquired by other methods with the increasing degree of banded structure.
Massive measurement data, low inspection speed and high labor intensity.