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Active screen ion sulphurizing technology may prepare the ion sulphurized layer whose key composition is FeS on the surface of steel materials as the conventional ion sulphurizing technology[4-7].
CrMoCu alloy cast iron materials were treated by 580 ˚C annealing, with a hardness of 240HV0.05.
Material Science Base[M].
Applied Surface Science, 2005, 252: 1084-1091
Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering, 2007, 21(5):81-83.

High altitude LTA vehicle utilize fabric laminates as the hull materials which can hold the helium and resist UV and ozone.
Tear propagation of materials for LTA vehicle in biaxial stress and complex stress were studied [5].
Materials with any blemishes, such as fiber joint, flexural fiber, and etc. must not be used.
This is different from isotropy materials, which always tear from the vertex at the edge of the central district for stress concentration.
“Preparing and Developing of Biaxial Tensile Testing Machine of Membrane Structure”, Science Technology and Engineering, Vol. 6, No.1, 17-22, (2006) [7] G.B.

Zuo (Key Laboratory for Microstructural Design and Control of Metallic Materials of Liaoning Province, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, P.R.China) Abstract: Effects of electric field annealing on recrystallization texture and average plastic strain ratio (r value) of IF steel sheet were studied by mean of X ray diffraction ODF analysis and the tensile test.
Recent years, as a kind of external field, electric field has been paid more attention to improve the microstructures and properties of materials [4-8] .
Experimental The material used in this study is a 75% cold-rolled IF steel sheet of 1mm thickness provided by Shanghai Bao Steel, and its chemical composition is given in Table 1.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shanghai Bao Steel Group of China (No.50374028) and doctoral foundation(20050145030).
Reference [1] Ray R K, Jonas J J, Hook R, International Materials Review, 1994; 39:129 [2] Samajdar I, Verlinden B and Houtte P V, Acta mater, 1998;46:2751 [3] Magnusson H, Jensen D J, Hutchinson B, Scripta mater, 2001;44:435 [4] Conrad H, Karam N, Mannan S, Scripta Metallurgica, 1983;17:411 [5] Lu H A, Conrad H, Appl Phys Lett,1991;59:47 [6] Conrad H, Guo Z and Sprecher A F, Scripta Metallurgica, 1989;23:821 [7] Li M Q, Wu S, Scripta Metall, 1994;31:75 [8] Liu W, Liang K M, Zheng Y K and Cui J Z, Journal of Materials Science, 1996;15:1327 [9] Schulz L G, J Appl Phys, 1949;20:1030 [10] Liang Z D, Xu J Z, Wang F, Proc ICOTOM-6, 1981;1259

Influence of Structural-Phase State on Low-Temperature Superplasticity of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium Alloys Ilya Ratochkaa, Evgeny Naydenkinb*, Ivan Mishinc, Olga Lykovad Laboratory of Materials Science, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Akademicheskii 2/4, Tomsk 634055, Russia aivr@ispms.tsc.ru, bnev@ispms.tsc.ru, cmishinv1@yandex.ru, dlon8@yandex.rul Keywords: Titanium alloys, ultrafine-grained structure, severe plastic deformation, low-temperature superplasticity.
Aerospace Materials.
Mouritz, Introduction to Aerospace Materials, Woodhead Publishing in Materials, 2012
Varlamova, The effect of interfaces on mechanical and superplastic properties of titanium alloys, Journal of Materials Science, 52(8) (2017) 4164-4171
Pshenichnyuk Superplasticity and grain boundaries in ultrafine-grained materials, Woodhead Publishing in Materials, 2011

China 4College of Materials Science & Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.
Most of the papers related to DSA during deformation showing drastic changes in the dislocation structure evolution have been carried out in body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic materials.
However, there are only few specific studies on hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) materials concerning this effect of the microstructure evolution [4].
Chen: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Vol. 20(2010), p. 1455
Han: Materials Letters Vol. 60 (2006) p. 2941

The aspects analysed include the variation of initial out-of-plane imperfection and material properties.
In order to assess the influence of material properties, Grade B and API X52 steels were modelled.
The elastic and plastic properties of the materials were defined by a Ramberg-Osgood model.
“A Review of Effective Plating for Use in the Analysis of Stiffened Plating in Bending and Compression”, Journal of Ship Research, Vol.19, No.1, pp.1-17 [2] Smith, C.S., Davidson, P.C., Chapman, J.C., and Dowling, P.J. (1987).
“A Parametric Study of the Post-buckling Behaviour of Steel Plates”, Paper JEST 889, Engineering Structures, 03027, Volume 23 Issue 2, pp.172-185, Elsevier Science, The Netherlands, February 2001, ISSN 0141-0296

Beams made from materials with different thermal expansion coefficients (TEС) have heated and bend due to stress moments directed away from the neutral axis of the bending beam.
Beam consists of two or more materials with different thermal linear expansion factor (α) is bending by heating at ΔTa.
Bimetallic thermostat theory [8] describes thermo-mechanical behavior of composite MEMS beams, consisting of two materials [9], [10].
To achieve the best project among other issues micro-mirror designers must be updated with areas related to the materials and technological processes work.
Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 11, No 3 (1995), p. 233 [9] G.

The core materials are used to fabricate lightweight and stiff sandwich structures core [1].
Experimental Procedure Materials.
Measurements are used primarily to determine the composition of materials and to predict their thermal stability at temperatures up to 1000°C.
Generally, lignocellulosic materials decompose thermochemically between 150 and 350°C, cellulose between 275 and 350°C, and lignin between 250 and 500°C.
Journal of Tropical Forest Science 21(2): (2009).113–122 [7] Kawamoto, H.

The harmful crack may happen in mass concrete for the changes of temperature caused by hydration of cementitious materials.
Experimental Materials Cementitious materials include Portland cement and FA.
[2] Yuan Runzhang, Cementitious materials, Wuhan Wuhan University of Technology Press (1996) 121~122.
Quantitative analysis of fly ash-cement hydration by 29Si MAS NMR[J]．Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2010, 38(11)：2212~2216
Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23: 1344~1348.

Recently, many studies with new concepts have allowed possibilities to construct, artificially, a new structure and composite materials that can possess properties that are not available in natural materials.
These artificial materials called metamaterials (MTMs) are synthesized by embedding specific inclusions with periodic geometric shapes and forms in the host media [2,3] .
Feng et al., "Fabrication of Single-Negative Metamaterials Based on Coplanar Waveguide", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 160-162, pp. 418-423, 2011
Ghaedizadeh et al., "Geometric Bounds for Buckling-Induced Auxetic Metamaterials Undergoing Large Deformation", Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 846, pp. 547-552, 2016 [4] Azizi M, Aubert H, Baudrand H.
Antennas and Prop., vol. 51, no. 7, JULY 2003 [13] Toufik Ziar, Mourad Zaabat and Henri Baudrand. “ The study of packaging miniaturization effect on the characteristics of an active planar circuit by using the iterative method” -International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields-Volume 26, Issue 6, November/December 2013, Pages: 521–532 [14] Toufik Ziar, Saida Mellal, Farh Hichem, Mourad Zaabat and Chérifa Azizi. “ The study of the miniaturisation effect on the characteristics of patch antenna using the WCIP method” Journal of New Technology and Materials JNTM Vol. 04, N°01 (2014)53-57 [15] Houssam Ayad “Antenna performance contrôle using metamaterials”  These de doctorat de l’université de Grenoble 02 juin 2012 Tel-00- 767962 version1 -20 dec 2012