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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Qian Zhang, Yue Jia Liu, Chun Mao Chen, Bin Cai
The data of ammonia are relevantly 22.17%, 11.45% and 56.38%, indicating that the soluble fraction, which is also poor in biodegradability, plays a key role in SE treatment.
Fig. 4 COD variation of filtration permeates (a) and percent distribution of COD fractions (b) The BOD data and the BOD/COD ratios are given in Table 1.
According to Fig. 6, the 4-scale filtrations provided a total ammonia reduction of 95.65%, or from 12.42 mg/L to 0.60 mg/L.
After the whole filtration procedure, AN decreased from 5.3mg/L to 3.2 mg/L, with a reduction of only 39.62%.
Online since: January 2023
Authors: Mohd Zaidi Jaafar, Muhammad Shafiq Mat Shayuti, Munawar Zaman Shahruddin, Nik Khairul Irfan Nik Ab Lah, Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd, Nur Amelina Bohairah
From the surface tension data obtained, a surface tension profile was constructed as a function of surfactant concentration.
A series of reduction could be seen from the figure as the pH solution increased.
HPAM is an anionic polymer, thus the negative charges of the polymer could favour the reduction of surfactant adsorption.
As the pH increased, more hydroxyl ion present, resulting in the reduction of the number of hydroxyl group on the surface charge.
Anionic surfactant exhibits higher adsorption in the presence of divalent ions due to reduction in the charge interactions [27].
Online since: July 2016
Authors: K. Ramesh, N. Naresh, Pumlianmunga Pumlianmunga, E.S.R. Gopal
This reduction in optical band gap shifts the glass transition to lower values.
The Tg data fits a second order polynomial better than a linear relation.
If only linear relation is fitted to the data dTg/dP value is found to be -7.78oC/kbar.
Hence, the reduction in optical band gap shifts of the glass transition to lower values under high pressure.
This reduction in optical band gap in Ge20Te80 glass under high pressure shifts the glass transition to lower values.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Khoirunnisa Dwi Az Zahra Firdausi, Firdhea Rahma Cahyani, Ratna Ediati, Yoga Tribakti Rachmad, Farhan Fikri Safii
According to data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2017, the number of individuals with diabetes mellitus is expected to increase significantly, reaching approximately 600 million by 2045 [2].
Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA to compare the effectiveness of each treatment.
Analysis was performed by comparing the specific peaks at 2θ = 5–60° in the diffractogram of the synthesized material with reference data.
The blood glucose data during the treatment period are presented in Figure 5 and tabulated in Table 3.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Research Department of Progresif Bumi Shalawat High School, Sidoarjo, and the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Shuang Jiang Liu, Jin Long Song, Chengying Jiang
A hypothetical model of sulfur metabolism in M. cuprina was proposed on proteomic and genomic data, and proteins that involved in sulfur metabolism have been identified in our following studies.
Recently, a hypothetical model of sulfur metabolism in M. cuprina was proposed on proteomic and genomic data [3].
Coenzyme A dependent NAD(P)H sulfur oxidoreductase (NSR) was found firstly in several anaerobically growing archaea like Pyrococcus and Thermococcus, which with the S0 reduction activity depending on NADPH and coenzyme A [8].
The enzyme responsible for NAD(P)H-linked S0 reduction was characterized by biochemical approaches.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Yakov Frayman, Bruce Gunn
The case study uses past production data from a casthouse to validate the model outputs, with the aim to perform a sensitivity analysis on the overall system.
The simulation runs until the overall simulation runtime is equalled or exceeded, at which point the simulation ends and the output data written to data files.
The model used historical data for the case study in this paper
The model was validated against production data, and observed to reproduce the production data sets with reasonable accuracy.
Each data point on the graph represents the result of one simulation run.
Online since: July 2023
Authors: Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos, Liércio André Isoldi, Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha, Giovanni Antonio Vielma Vivas, Michel Kepes Rodrigues, Ruth da Silva Brum
The earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) is a sustainable option that allows the electrical energy consumption reduction in buildings.
Qualitatively, an adequate agreement between the numerical results obtained in the present study and the experimental data from [13, 22], with a similar thermal behavior tendency, can be seen in Fig. 4(a).
However, the experimental data are slightly underestimated by the obtained numerical results.
It should be noted that, as in [14], in the present study the variations in inlet air temperature correspond to data monitored in loco by [13, 22], while in [24] these variations were modeled by periodic functions obtained from these experimental data.
Santos, Thermal performance simulations of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers for different soils of a coastal city using in-situ data, Sustain.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Hassan Jumiah, Hui Wei Chin, S.A. Halim, Albert H.M. Gan, Kuen Hou Cheong, Lim Kean Pah, Siau Wei Ng
The resistivity decreased with the increased of grain size and crystallite size due to the reduction of grain boundary effect which might improved their grain connectivity.
Upon reduction in the size of magnetic samples to the nanometer scale, some of their basic properties become size dependent and differ from those of bulk.
The obtained XRD data were refined by the Rietveld’s refinement based on the consideration of low values of the residuals for the weighted pattern RWP, pattern RP, structure factor RF and goodness of fit.
From the Rietveld’s refinement data, the unit cell parameters (a, b, c), Mn-O bond length and Mn-O-Mn bond angle are varies through the sintering temperature suggested that sintering temperature might slightly change the structure formation of the samples.
Table 1: Data of the Rietveld refinements of X-ray powder diffraction data at room temperature of Pr0.85Na0.15MnO3 sinter at different temperature Sample S600 S700 S800 S900 S1000 Lattice Parameter           a(Å) 5.4737(6) 5.4615(6) 5.4426(4) 5.4399(3) 5.4541(2) b(Å) 7.6822(6) 7.6795(5) 7.6792(4) 7.6856(3) 7.6994(2) c(Å) 5.4505(5) 5.4488(5) 5.4557(4) 5.4524(2) 5.4501(2) V (Å3) 229.1967 228.5316 228.0212 227.9573 228.8669 Crystal Structure Orthorhombic Space Group P n m a (62) Bond Angle Mn-O1-Mn (o) 158.01 (4) 158.00 (4) 157.99 (3) 157.92 (2) 157.96 (2) Mn-O2-Mn (o) 157.17 (4) 157.18 (3) 157.15 (3) 157.19 (2) 157.23 (1) Bond Length Mn-O1 (Å) 1.903 1.901 1.900 1.920 1.900 Mn-O2 (Å) 1.959 1.959 1.963 1.979 1.959 REXP (%) 3.68275 3.68488 3.60079 3.6414 3.69959 RP (%) 4.00494 4.06252 4.02396 4.1310 4.33755 RWP (%) 5.13332 5.1865 5.17132 5.30207 5.66611 Goodness of Fit 1.9429 1.98108 2.06257 2.12008 2.34565 Crystalline Size (nm) 28.6 34.8 45.5 62.8 121.8 Particles Size (nm) 67 75
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Valentina Dami, Andrea Cioni, Annalisa Soldi, Arianna Signorini, Giovanni Baldi
The data expressions are in percentage of analyte reduction and are corrected for the data derived from the empty chamber and the blank.
As we can see in the figure the reduction of the initial value (500 ppbv) of the NOx is about 95%.
Figure 6 shows 95% of NOx reduction in one hour.
The reduction of 95% of BTEX occurs after only 1 hour.
The ageing test was used to evaluate the resistance to cleaning cycles of TiO2 coating on ceramic tiles and the data obtained with the contact angle method are reported in the graph below (fig.9).
Online since: May 2019
Authors: Xiao Yan Tang, Ren Xu Jia, Yu Ming Zhang, Li Xin Tian, Wen Ting Zhang, Ling Yi Kong, Xin He Zhang, Ji Chao Hu, Ying Xi Niu, Fei Yang, Liu Zheng
Process optimization resulted in reduction of the density of triangular defects from 1.01 cm-2 to 0.14 cm-2.
The time of in situ etching prior to growth was optimized to establish the condition for triangular defect reduction and smooth morphology.
The 6500 V Junction Barrier Schottky diodes were fabricated on the characterized wafers to gain statistical leakage data to prove the quality of the epitaxial layer.
The in-situ etching process for the substrate prior to epitaxial growth is quite helpful for the reduction of the defects, which can also reduce the surface damage and stress.
Kordina, Reduction of structural defects in thick 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown on 4° off-axis substrate, Journal of Applied Physics,113(2013) 223502-223508
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