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Martensitic Transformation from Ultrafine Grained Austenite Fabricated by ARB in Fe-24Ni-0.3C Hamidreza Jafarian1, a, Ehsan Borhani1, b, Akinobu Shibata1, c, Daisuke Terada1, d and Nobuhiro Tsuji1, e 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan ahamidreza.jafarian@ky2.ecs.kyoto-u.ac.jp, behsan.borhani@ks7.ecs.kyoto-u.ac.jp, cshibata.akinobu.5x@kyoto-u.ac.jp, ddaisuke.terada@ky7.ecs.kyoto-u.ac.jp, enobuhiro.tsuji@ky5.ecs.kyoto-u.ac.jp Keywords: Martensitic transformation, ARB, UFG austenite, Ms temperature.
In recent years, ultrafine grained (UFG) or nano-structured metallic materials fabricated by severe plastic deformation (SPD), such as accumulative roll bonding (ARB) [7], equal channel angular pressing [8], high pressure torsion [9] and mechanical milling for metallic powder [10], have been numerously investigated.
However, the martensitic transformation behavior in the bulk UFG materials has been rarely studied [11,12].
The ARB process can apply significant amount of plastic strain into the materials, because the procedures can be repeated limitlessly.
Tsuji: submitted to Journal of Materials Science (2010) [13] N.

Introduction More and more researches of materials biochemical compatibility and mechanics for artificial bone scaffold were made by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years.
At present titanium and titanium alloy are the most widely used artificial bone bionic materials, so TC4 was selected for the study materials in the paper.
The maximum equivalent stress value obtained by finite element analysis is the evaluation of the mechanical properties of solid mechanics of materials.
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The WC powder with Co as binder is still one of the generally used materials for thermal sprayed coatings.
Experimental details Materials and setup.
Experience shows that nearly all damages of WC-based materials occur at the binder first followed by the detachment of WC particles.
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Thus, massive material and human resources have been invested to develop diverse tourism industry.
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The methodology for the prediction of the stress fields proposed the deterministic approach within the elastic material strength limit.
The materials of soil and metallic underground pipe are homogeneous and isotropic.
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From these studies, it is clearly indicated that one requirement to obtain the maximum effect from dispersion strengthening of metals by the second phase materials like nanoparticles and CNTs is a homogeneous distribution of their embedment in the metal matrix [6].
Ltd., Shenzhen) with length of 1~2μm and outer diameter of 60nm were used as the second phase materials.
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[10] Gabriele Vidrich, Jean-Frederic Castagnet and Hans Ferkel, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol.152, (2005), p.
[13] D Hull, An Introduction to composite Materials (Cambridge University Press, UK, 1981)

Gene is a unit of the function and structure of the genetic material, and the effect fragment of DNA.
Place: The place expresses all the reactant including the starting material, the intermediate material and the final material in the biochemical reaction.
The transition means the state change of all the participated materials.
References [1] HE Wei-Sheng The Interrelated Analysis Model on the System Factors of Business Innovation [J] Journal of Liaoning University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 2003 .5 [2] Cao Shang-Yu Market Economy system, elements and structure [J].
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Vd is the field dependent drift velocity. eff is the effective annihilation rate of positrons in the material.
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Acknowledgements This research is supported by Grant No. 50875128 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and by Grant No. 2006ZE52052 from China Aeronautics Science Foundation.
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