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First, the old materials used one hundred or more years ago are poorly known today, if at all.
An experimental campaign was carried out in order to find the elastic parameters and strengths for individual materials (clay unit and mortar).
Materials and Structures, DOI 10.1617/s11527-009-9492-0
European Journal of Mechanics A-solids, 17, 285-303
PhD thesis, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, France.

Break the constraints of time and space Using Web3D virtual technology, you can completely break the constraints of time and space to provide students with realistic, vivid perceptual learning materials, and help students overcome their difficulties in learning knowledge.
Students can do experiment in the designed virtual environment for many times without the depletion of machines and materials, and that enables students to get more experiments and help them to enhance their impressions and learning effect.
In a real construction environment, a real pair and crystal top are needed, and at the end of the experiment, these materials will not be used again.
If it is a virtual construction, students can operate on a computer, so there will be no worry about students who may waste the materials and that also allows students to carry out the virtual construction of multiple operations to deepen their understanding of what they learn.
References [1] Liu Gao, A Research on Web3D-Based Long-Distance Experiment Teaching, Popular Science, 2009, (7) [2] Liu Lin, Modern Long-Distance Teaching Model Based on Emotional Computer and Web3D technology, Chinese Distance Education, 2008, (7) [3] Zhu Shaoping, A Study on Web3D-Based Long-Distance Practice Teaching, China Educational Informationization, 2009, (3) [4] Chen Dan, The Application Study of Web3D Technology in Network Teaching, Educational Information, 2006. (3) [5] Zhang Wei, The Applications of Web3D Technology in Multimedia Teaching, Changchun Normal University Journal (Natural Science), 2010.2

Porosity of the material is the main factor for the sensitivity and response time of ZnO sensors [22, 23].
Doping introduced to the base material can improve the performance of gas sensing [14].
Therefore, because of their large specific surface areas, nanostructured gas sensor materials are capable in distinguishing other gas molecules at lower concentration and present better sensing properties compared to gas sensors based on bulk materials.
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 2 (2011) 4
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 67, (2012)

Quantum-Mechanical Simulation of the Defects Influence on the Shear Rupture in γ-TiAl GNIDENKO Anton Institute of Material Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153 Tihookeanskaya St., Khabarovsk, 680042, Russia agnidenko@mail.ru Keywords: density functional theory, pseudopotential, modeling, titanium aluminide, chromium, tungsten, shear, rupture, defects.
Vacancy type defects mainly degrade the strength characteristics of the material.
Gamma titanium aluminides as prospective structural materials, Intermetallics. 8 (2000) 1339-1345
Processing and applications of intermetallic γ-TiAl-based alloys, Advanced Engineering Materials. 2 (2000) 551-570
Role of vacancies in work hardening and fatigue of TiAl alloys, International Journal of Plasticity, 42 (2013) 83-100

Introduction As a branch of solid mechanics, fracture mechanics is a science and studies the strength of the materials or structures with crack and crack extension rule.
It is a major determinant of the crack tip stress field strength, is the crack area public factor of stress component value and it also is the important parameter of the crack in engineering component wether it is damaged or not .When the stress intensity factor K is not greater than the material fracture toughness Kc, we think the buckling does not destroy; On the contrary, the engineering materials will lose their job functions.
Since 1961, when the fracture mechanics were introduced in the research of concrete material, we have been studying the formation, development and characteristics of concrete crack.
Underground structures[M], science press, Beijing, 1991 [3] Renhun Jia.
Journal of Chongqing jiaotong institute .1991(10)

Material used for retrofit is the fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) which has physical, chemical, and mechanical properties being superior to conventional materials such as steel and concrete.
Materials Properties FRP was wrapped continuously and automatically at the lap-spliced lower end region of each specimen by using the automatic wrapping machine developed in this research project.
Further experimental investigation must be conducted on the larger number of specimens with more experimental parameters such as thickness of FRP, wrapping fiber orientation, different wrapping materials, and so on.
Chio: Proceedings of the Advanced Composite Materials and Structures 4 th International Conference, Alberta, Canada (2004), p. 129
Ma: Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 123, No. 10 (1997), p. 1357.

Cervera1,b 1Energy Storage and Conversion Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines ajrrabo@up.edu.ph, brmcervera@up.edu.ph Keywords: Solid oxide electrolysis cells, drop-coating method, SOEC full cell, electrolyte-supported SOEC Abstract.
The typical materials for solid oxide cells (fuel/electrolysis cells) are made up of a strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) (LSM-YSZ) and composite of nickel oxide (NiO) and YSZ (NiO-YSZ) for the electrodes, and pure YSZ for the solid electrolyte [3-6].
Acknowledgment This study was financially supported by the Philippine-California Advanced Research Institute – Commission on Higher Education Institute (PCARI-CHED) for Information Infrastructure Development GREENPower research grant (IIID-2015-09) and in part by National Academy of Science and Technology through the DOST’s Grant for Outstanding Achievements in Science and Technology Research Grant.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42 (2017) 3047-30492
Balani, Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: a review, Prog.

Crystallization behavior of Polypropylene/Syndiotactic1,2-polybutadiene blends He Xiaofeng1,2,a, Wang Shuai1,b, Ge Tiejun1,c, Zhang Xuequan2,d, Zhang Chunyu2,e 1Research Center of Plastic Engineeing, College of Materials Science and Eengineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
To micronize PP’s crystal grains, many studies have been done to mix PP with variety of macromolecular materials, including EPDM, PE, POE, and so on.
In this work, some fundamental characteristics of PP/s-PB blends by studying its crystallization behavior are studied, and it results in a kind of new modified material based on PP.
Experiment Materials Homo-polypropylene (Trade nameF401, melting index 2.4g/10min 2300C/2.16kg) was made by Pan Jin petrochemical company.
Cross-linking and crystallization of dynamic vulcanized PP/BR blends.Journal of Functional Polymers. 1995, 8(3): 237

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Property of Al-Si-Mg Alloy Liuyi Guana, Bolong Lib*, Peng Qic, Lijun Weid, Zuoren Niee College of Materials Science and Engineer, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China aliuyiguan@emails.bjut.edu.cn, bblli@bjut.edu.cn, cqipeng@emails. bjut.edu.cn, dweilijun@emails.bjut.edu.cn, ezrnie@bjut.edu.cn Keywords: Solution and aging treatment, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Al-Si-Mg Alloy.
The pre-β" cluster formed during heat treatment to improve material’s strength effectively.
Acknowledgements This work was funded by the automotive light weighting research project and the traffic metal materials and processing techniques of Beijing laboratory Project.
[2] Tao Peng, The development and prospect of internal combustion engine piston material, Shanxi science and technology. 3(2007): 91-103
[3] Shivkumar S, Ricci S, Apelian D, et al., Effect of solution treatment parameters on tensile of cast aluminum alloys, Journal of Heat Treating. 8(1990): 63-70

Especially to multi material and inequality thickness casting solid model, so many intersection lines and surface will bring a lot of fault nodes and elements in the mesh model.
At the same time, many faults will generate if there are a few kinds of materials included in the solid model usually [3].
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China Project (No. 51165030).
Luo: Materials Science and Technology, 2006, 14(3):293-295
Li: Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering), 2011, 33(3):269-272