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Crystal structures of the rutile and anatase phases of TiO2 [20 (b)] Fig. 2.
Chemistry, 26 (2015) 1–36
A: Chemistry, 55 (1990) 115-126
Thiên-Nga, Electronic structure of reduced titanium dioxide, Phys.
A: Chemistry, 217 (2011)  275–283

Development and Evaluation on Surfactant Used in Chemical Flooding Liu Qicheng1,2,a, Liu Yongjian1 1Northeastern Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang 2Liaohe Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Panjin 124010, Liaoning aliuqc67@sina.com Keywords: Crude analysis, Chemical Flooding, Development and Evaluation Abstract: Oil component and molecule structures is studied by application of gas chromatogram, infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance to develop high efficiency and cost effective surfactant used for chemical flooding, HZS surfactant has been developed on basis of relationship between effectiveness and structure of the surfactant.
Study on surfactant structure characterization and performance evaluation suggests that oil/water interfacial tension is super low when distribution of carbon number of main component of surfactant is identical to the distribution of main component of oil, and concentration impairment due to surfactant retention on surface of core.
Surfactant adsorption test: on basis of structure of surfactant structure, adsorption value is tested by ultraviolet visible pectrophotometer under 205nm wave length.
Fig.6 HZS surfactant Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of before and after adsorption Conclusions 1.Through conjunctive use of many test apparatus and instruments, a set of methods by which main oil components and structures are analyzed, has been established, and effect of carbon chain length on surfactant oil reservoir has been fully understood.
Oilfield Chemistry, 2007: 24 (3): 287-291 [4] Shen Pingping,Yu Jiayong.

They have found applications in many fields such as synthesis, catalysis, biocatalysis, separation technology, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry and nanotechnology [5].
The development of a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) can aid in the understanding of and can provide a method of estimating the values of directly from structure without making an experimental measurement.
In a QSPR study, a mathematical model is developed which relates the structures of a set of compounds to a physical property such as .
The underlying assumption in a QSPR is that there is some sort of relationship between the physical property of interest and molecular structure.
The result showed that the QSPR model had a good correlation between organic molecular structure and in [EMIM][DEP].

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 451(1998):163-171
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 30(2013):458-462
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 744(2015):117-125
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 671(2012):16-23
Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 7(1990):25-29.

Because of its layered structure, it has high efficiency of electron-hole separation[1], and Bi2WO6 microspheres who owns this kind of layer structure, in visible light, the light will through multiple reflections in the lamellar structure and improve the utilization of visible light, and eventually optimize Bi2WO6 nanostructures of photocatalytic performance.
Morphologies and structures performance The morphology of Bi2WO6 was observed by SEM.
It is displayed for fluffy nano-flake structure, high degree of crystallinity and lamellar bodies.
It’s easy to find the catalyst has a certain degree of self-assembly trend, but does not form a fixed structure.
The types of surface active agents played a key role in control of the morphology and structure of the catalyst.

The mass distribution of the extract analyzed by FAB mass spectrum showed the stability of heterofullerene structures.
The discovery of fullerenes in 1985 [1] is one of the notable scientific advances of the last century, which is awarded with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1996.
The rise in activity of research efforts addressed to the synthesis and exploration of new carbon structures was stimulated by the work of Krätchmer and Huffman [2].
Endohedral, exohedral and heterofullerenes accommodate different atoms in their molecule structures.
Further work is taken underway to understand the molecular structures involved.

Student, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 3Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan asmpieces@gmail.com, braziyaanalyst@uaf.edu.pk, crajaadilsarfraz@uaf.edu, dmshahiduaf@yahoo.com Keywords: synthesis; plant extracts; nanoparticles; characterization; X-rays; free radical; inhibition zone Abstract.
Similarly, these nanoparticles had monoclinic structure and crystalline nature when analyzed by XRD.
In addition, the XRD analysis indicates that CuNPs-Pl has crystalline nature with monoclinic structure.
One proposed mechanism explains that the nanoparticles possibly damage the fungus structure through apoptosis leading toward cytoplasmic breakdown.
The XRD investigation proved their monoclinic structure and crystalline nature.

In this paper, advanced models for the Gibbs energy, which account simultaneously for the crystal structure, defect chemistry, and thermodynamics of oxide phases as well as for the phase diagrams are reviewed.
Various cations of different size and charge can be accommodated in the spinel structure showing Fig. 3.
It is evident that both defect chemistry and phase equilibria are adequately described by the model.
It is worthmentioning that traditional defect chemistry predicts a straight line with a slope of -1/6 for the plot of log(PO2) vs. log(x).
The crystal structure of the so-called C-type phase Ce3O5 ± x (Mn2O3-type) contains four atomic positions in the unit cell.

The CuS quantum dots synthesized at an acidic medium (S1) are of spindle-shaped whereas in an alkaline medium (S2) are mainly of hexanano-plate structure.
Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge the Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati for UV-PL, SAIF, NEHU, Shillong for HRTEM, IIT, Guwahati for XRD and the Department of Chemistry, B.
Ramalingom, Synthesis and characterization of nano-structured materials CuS (Covellite) for their applications,Nanotechnol.
Ding, Controlled synthesis of spherical CuS hierarchical structures, Mater.
David, ed. (2005), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL

Depression Performance of Azo Dyes to Sulfide Minerals Lihong Lan 1,2,a, Jianhua Chen 3,b, Ping Lan2,c ,Meilian Liang 3,d, Ye Chen 3,e 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China 2 College of Chemistry and Eco-engineering of Guangxi University for Nationalities，Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Transforming Process, University of Guangxi, Nanning 530006, China. 3 College of Resources and Metallurgy , Guangxi University, Nanning 530004,China alanlihong2004@163.com, bjhchen1971@sina.com, cgxlanping@163.com, d123181453@qq.com, e fby18@126.com Keywords: Azo dyes；Sulfide minerals；Depressant；Adsorption; Frontier orbital energy Abstract: Azo dyes have strong hydrophilic and good adhesion to solid surface.
Introduction There are many difficulties in separation of polymetallic sulphide ores because some sulfide minerals have the same floatability, and they embedded each other in particle, complex structure, serious oxidation degree, high clay-content and so on.
Azo dyes contain not only azo group, some naphthyls and phenyls in their molecule structure, but also contain many hydrophilic groups, such as －SO3Na,－NH2,－COONa and －OH etc.
More significantly, the coexisting of naphthyl and phenyl in a molecule structure is a necessary requirement, which has depressive effect on sulfide minerals.
Table 2 also shows the Etotal and |△E| are only a preliminary quantitative criterion，the depressing ability of azo dyes is determined by their molecular structure.