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Block treatment of multi-layer wafers for the development of a numerical model of a 300mm batch heat treatment furnace Eun-Yi Ko1, a and Kyung-Woo Yi1, b 1 Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 155-744, South Korea a gony79@snu.ac.kr, byikw@snu.ac.kr Keywords: silicon wafer, heat treatment, block model, vertical furnace, wafer stack Abstract.
Temperature distribution in the radial direction can cause thermal stress on the wafers; this stress can grow beyond the yield strength of the material, so that it can easily induce plastic deformation.
Reference [1] Badwell : Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.139(1992)., p524-p532, [2] Badwell : AIChE Journal Vol.38(1992), p926-p938

., 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea 3 Korea Sport Science Institute, 223-19 Gongreung-2dong Nowongu, Seoul 139-242, Korea a cowas87@hanmail.net, bmechhsk@inje.ac.kr, cychoi@inje.ac.kr, dmechlsb@inje.ac.kr Keywords: Contact analysis, Thermal instability, Coupled analysis, Repeated braking mode Abstract.
Table 1 expresses material properties of the disc and the pad for the simulation.
Table 1 Material properties of the disc and the pad[6] Material Properties Modules of Elasticity [ ]Pa , Ε 9125 10× Poisson's Ratio, ν 0.25 Thermal Expansion Coefficient, α 612 10−× Thermal Conductivity [ ]W mC , Κ 54 Specific heat [ ]J kgC , C 586 disc Density 3[ ]kg m , ρ 7100 Modules of Elasticity [ ]Pa , Ε 90.53 10× Poisson's Ratio, ν 0.25 Thermal Expansion Coefficient, α 630 10−× Thermal Conductivity [ ]W mC , Κ 0.5 Specific heat [ ]J kgC , C 1034 pad Density 3[ ]kg m , ρ 3660 Heat Transfer Boundary Condition.
Barber, "Frictionally excited thermoelastic instability in automotive disc brakes", Journal of Tribology, Transactions of ASME(1997), Vol.115, pp.607-614
Richmond, "Brake disc hot spotting and thermal judder : an experimental and finite element study", International Journal of Vehicle Design(2000), Vol.23, No.3/4

Study On Solar Photovoltaic Industry Chain Vertical Integration Investment Decisions Rongsheng Chen1, a, Min Liu2,b 1School of Management, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054,China 2 School of Economics, Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710100,China aroson2000@126.com, bcastleliumin@126.com Keywords: Photovoltaic Industry Chain, Vertical Integration, Competition Effects, Cooperation Effect.
Industrial organization theory believes that: the main reason for vertical integration is the dependence relationship (production organization, supply relationship for raw material, etc.) between the upper and lower enterprises in the process of their production.
There is very little documentation on how uncertainty in supply and demand creates motivations for vertical integration, and the effects under vertical integration vertical industry organization (such as the effects of excess capacity and raw materials).
Journal of Industrial Organization, 2:159-170(1984)
[10] Emons W: Journal of Industrial Organization, 14:465-484(1996)

However, there are also reflected signals induced by material non-uniformity or 3D effects, shown as question marks in Figs. 6b and 6c, maybe misidentified as defects.
However, it still can not distinguish whether the defects are induced by change in geometry or in material properties. 3.
Acknowledgement The work presented in this paper is sponsored by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant No.
[3] Finno, R.J. & Gassman, S.L.: Journal of Geotechnical and Enviromental Engineering, ASCE, Vol.124, No. 10 (1998), pp.965-975
[5] Chow, Y.K., Phoon, K.K., Chow, F.F., and Wong, K.Y.: Journal of Geotechnical and Enviromental Engineering, ASCE, Vol.129, No. 11 (2003), pp.1057-1062

Depending on the costs of spare parts and materials, also the losses of time in repair, there are three types of maintenance policies applied to CNC machine tools.
Maintenance costs for each policy applied LOSS RM PM CBM Nr. interruptions / year 0.1 1 0.1 Loss risk (%) 100 20 5 Repairing time 12 7 7 Involved personnel 5 2 2 Maintenance team cost / h (E) 40 40 40 The cost of spare parts (E) 350 350 350 Lost production time 13 0 0 Lost production cost / h (E) 6500 6500 6500 Risk of damaging other components (%) 50 50 50 The cost of other failures from falling (E) 5000 5000 5000 Direct maintenance cost / year (material + labor) (E) 275 910 91 The cost of lost production / year (E) 8450 0 0 Other damage cost / year (E) 1400 1400 200 Annual cost of reliability and maintenance (E) 10125 2310 291 Moreover, the remaining lifetime of bearings can not be determined easily and they can be replaced without the need.
Chaabi, Integrated production planning and preventive maintenance in deteriorating production systems, Information Sciences. 278 (2014) 841–861
Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering. 2 (1996) 4–20
Gaudoin, Imperfect maintenance in a generalized competing risks framework, Journal of Applied Probability. 43 (2006) 825–839

But both of the two methods have high cost, the size of the entity is limited, the measure precision is low, particularly the material of tested entity is limited ,they can not measure metal materials used in the engineering field.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (50965005) and Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Education Office (200911MS81).
Beijing: Institute of Machinery Industry Journal, Vol16，No.2，2001.6:32～36.
Beijing Institute of Machinery Industry Journal, Vol16，No.2，2001.6:32～36.

The heterogeneity of model material use actual rock thickness to simulate.
The anisotropic of model material use Kration and γ to simulate. γ is apparent dip of rock structural plane to tunnel computation section. , where Kr is anisotropic characteristics coefficient of rock mass, and is permeability coefficient parallel to structure surface direction, and is permeability coefficient perpendicular to structure surface direction[9].
Tunnel model material and boundary conditions.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Hebei Natural Science Foundation (E2010001060).
Kacimov: Journal of Hydrology Vol. 303 (2004), p. 271 [2] Dimitrios Kolymbas, Peter Wagner: Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Vol. 22(2007), p. 23 [3] Liu Dan, Yang Lizhong, Yu Sujun: Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University Vol. 36(2001), p. 308, In Chinese [4] Zhu Dali, Li Qiufeng: Geotechnical Investigaton & Surveying Vol. 29(2001), p. 18, In Chinese [5] China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Ltd: Railway Engineering Geology Manual (China Railway Publishing House, China 1999), In Chinese [6] Jiang Jueguang: The Tunnel Engineering Geology Manual (China Railway Publishing House, China 1991), In Chinese [7] Zhu Dali, Li Qiufeng: Railway Geological and Roadbed Vol. 14(1995), p.32, In Chinese [8] China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Ltd: Railway Water Supply Hydrogeology Survey Rules (China Railway Publishing House, China 1996), In Chinese [9] Liu Zhichun: Groundwater Environment Protection Technology of Tunnel Construction in Arid Mountain

(3) In the analysis of the stability of the surface layer, all the material parameters must be validated using a local soil in any practical situation.
Acknowledgments The research was supported by the Research Funds for Communication Science and Technology of Sichuan, China (No. 2011D-03-2).
Journal of materials in civil engineering, Nov/Dec(2002), p. 447 [4] Gens, A. and Alonso, E.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal.

Introduction Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) is a method to evaporate materials by irradiation of high power pulsed laser on a target surface.
C.Miller et al., Laser ablation, Springer Series in Material Science 28, Springer-Verlag, 1994
Umezu et al., Formation of core-shell structured silicon nanoparticles during pulsed laser ablation, Journal of Applied Physics, 107, (2010), 094318
Kinoshita et al., Improved Surface Smoothness of YBa2Cu3Oy Films and Related Multilayers by ArF Excimer Laser Deposition with Shadow Mask “Eclipse Method”, Japanese journal of applied physics, 33, (1994), L417

Introduction Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), being natural materials, appeal to many people to use because of their low toxicity and rare complications [1].
The lower the initial temperature is, the longer the retention time of the material analyzed is.
Xu, et al.J.JIANGSU AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 1 (2007) 198.
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MarffnezVidal, et al., Chromatographia (2003), 57, 2 1 3 - 2 2 0 [18] Eunha Hoh, Katerina Mastovska, et al., Journal of Chromatography A, 1145 (2007) 210–221 [19] China Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2005.Chinese Pharmacopoeia.