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Blade material 20Cr, density , elastic modulus 205GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.29.Mesh according to the rules above, considering the model of symmetry, the economics of computing and grid quality, the model was mesh-maped with three-dimensional tetrahedral units in Nastran system.The mesh with 3D units, each has 4 nodes, and each node has six degrees of freedom: dx, dy, dz, rotx, roty, rotz,which is suitable for linear, large rotation analysis.
thickness optimization Table 3.Comparison of stress optimization Design variables Initial value (m) Optimal value(m) B1 0.005 0.45031E-02 B2 0.005 0.45027E-02 B3 0.005 0.45362E-02 B4 0.005 0.54979E-02 B5 0.005 0.54979E-02 Objective function Initial value(MPa) Optimal value (MPa) Stressm1 12.9 10.9 Stressm2 7.8 8.7 Stressm3 12.2 13.6 Stressm4 13.8 16.2 Stressm5 20.5 16.8 From the optimization results, it can be seen: thickening on the part of the leaves, and thinning on some other part, so that to improve the stress distribution and rational use of materials
Journal of Environmental Engineering, 4(2000).p. 382-385 [2] Fernando Dorado, Manuel Andrés Rodrigo, and Isaac Asencio.
Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 3,29(2008). p.272-278
Journal of Environmental Engineering. 3,(2003 ).p.402-411.

Rubber gaskets between two adjacent segments have been used as a sealant material for water in bolted precast concrete segment linings for many years[3].
The gasket material is compressed by contact pressure to prevent water leaking into the tunnel and the mechanism of segment gaskets waterproof is showed in Fig. 3.
Underground Space, Vol.22(4)( 2002): 335-338 [5] Science and technology committee of shanghai municipal construction commission.
International Journal of Analytical and Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol. 25(4)( 2001): 365-390
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.38(2001):461-483.

Introduction The external prestressing structure is a kind of prestressed structure, compared to traditional prestressed structure, prestressed steel laid on structure surface, thus easy inspection and maintenance, prestress loss less，convenient construction layout[1], And Carbon Fiber Reinforced plastics (Referred to CFRP) plate is a kind of good and new type of reinforcement material, advantages of high strength, light quality, corrosion resistant, easy construction ect, which has been widely used in civil engineering in the reinforcement and reconstruction.
In the concrete, steel and CFRP plate were set up on the resistance strain measurement materials of strain.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation Guangxi NO.0832002Z and No.2010GXNSFB013006.
(China Architecture and Building Press,China 2005) [2] S.S.Ping,H.Peng and H.Tong:Journal of Building Structures, May.24.(2003)No.5,pp.24-30
[4] Yail,J.Kiml,Chen Shi,Mark F.Green:Journal of Composites for Construction, Dec.3(2008) No.3,pp.274-283

· this behavior is attributed to the nature of the bonding materials characteristic, which is bond the ‎mineral grains by saline together by bonding agent, such as halite, while it is highly soluble in ‎water, while others, such as gypsum and calcite are less soluble due to acute water sensitivity and chemical aggressiveness [5].
For the embankment, a coarse aggregate material was chosen to allow high drainage of the ‎foundation soils and reducing the pore pressure build-up below the embankment.
Belounar, Effect of geosynthetic on the performance of road embankment over sabkha soils in Algeria: case study, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 1(4), 2015, p.35
Mahony, Is Soil Science Relevant to Road Infrastructure” 13th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference – Brisbane, 2004
Hemalatha, Performance of geosynthetics in unpaved roads, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 4(3), 2010, pp. 337-349

Low price and good snowmelt effect of chlorine deicers lead to that it becomes common method to melt snow in municipal roads of Hohhot [1] However ,on the one hand the application of chlorine deicers can quickly resolve traffic congestion and traffic safety issues brought by snowfall on the other hand it will weaken characteristic of asphalt pavement ,produce pavement disease and accelerate damage of pavement. [2] In this paper, with Hohhot political road snowmelt engineering as studying background, influence rules of chloride deicing on low temperature crack resistance of municipal asphalt concrete pavement material and adsorption properties between aggregate and asphalt will be analyzed.
Determination of the optimum conditions for de-icing salt scaling resistance of concrete by visual examination and surface scaling [J]. construction and Building Materials，2009 ( 16) 3: 1 － 8
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2009.6(54):46-48 [4] Yan Yi-sha．Research of the influence about the performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture by sulfate [D].Xi’an: Chang’an University20wuzhemei07
Evaluation of asphalt-mixture s low-temperature anti-cracking performance by curvature strain energy method［J］Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition)，2002，32( 4) : 653 － 655

Discussion The flaking/low adhesion on the A brand links may have caused by the high silicon content within the substrate material, or insufficient cleaning prior to the hot dipping process, or slow cooling after being taken out of the zinc bath [9].
AGH Journal of Mining and Geoengineering, 36 (3), pp. 177-184
International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 26(1), pp. 59-64
Steel composition: effect on coating appearance, thickness, materials handling and surface smoothness.

friction force are calculated as: (13) (14) The local asperity contact pressure is obtained from the Asperity Contact model developed by Greenwood and Tripp [5], with a Gaussian distribution of asperity heights and fixed asperity radius of curvature: (15) where and can be defined as[11]: (16) (17) where is the ratio of the mean film thickness and the composite roughness , is the composite elastic modulus of the surface materials
The total contact force acting on the ring face can be computed as: (18) The friction force between the ring and cylinder liner due to asperity contact can be determined as: (19) where is a dry friction coefficient for the ring-cylinder material pair.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their appreciation for the support from Special Fund for Basic Research Program of Higher Education of China (Project Name: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Lubrication for Piston Assemblies of Internal Combustion Engines), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Code 200802170023) and Provincial Science & Technology Research Program of Heilongjiang (Code GC08A105).
Cheng: Journal of Lubrication Technology.
Hashimoto: Journal of Tribology.

The Research Progress of Earth to Air Heat Exchanger: A review Hong Liu a, Xin Wang b, and Didi Xue c College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China aLiuhong778878@163.com, b wang885857@126.com, c944215750@qq.com Keywords: EAHE; Experiment; Numerical simulation; Research prospects.
It was based on the transient two-dimensional numerical equation of surface and could calculate soil temperature of different depth The depth of the transfer of energy and pipeline buried heat exchanger, diameter and material factors such as very much.
The heat performance was influented greatly by the depth of buried pipes and the materials.
International Journal of Refrigeration. 21(1998) 42–54
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45(2002) 2407–18

PL is ideally suited for evaluating high purity semiconductors because electrical contacts are not required for these high resistivity materials.
The silicon (99.9999%) target material with diameter 7.6 cm and thickness 2 mm was used for RF sputtering deposition process.
[3] Yasuo Takahashi, Tomofumi Furuta, Yukinori Ono, Toshihiko Ishiyama, Michiharu Tabe, Photoluminescence from a Silicon Quantum Well Formed on Separation by Implanted Oxygen Substrate, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 34(1) (1994) 950-954
Lee, Annealing effect on the property of ultraviolet and green emissions of ZnO thin films, Journal of Applied Physics 95(3) (2004) 1246-1250
Evoy, Introduction to Nanoscale Science and Technology, NY: Springer, 2004

Concerning mechanics and material effects, J.T.Tzegn studied both static and dynamic response of electromagnetic rail launcher [6,7].
Rail material is copper, with its elastic modulus =110GPa, and density; panel material is nylon, with its elastic modulus =28.3GPa, and density.
Acknowledgement This work is subsidized by NSFC (National Science Foundation of China), 50875230 Reference [1] Jerome T.
The Analysis of Local Contact Stress on the Side of Rail when the Electromagnetic Rail is at a Launching State.Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics(2011),Vol.32,pp.74-80 [9] Yu Yanli.
Journal of Sound andVibration (1985), pp.1-12 [12] Weide Qu, Hengling Tang.