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Introduction Ultra-precision machining technologies include advanced design of machining facilities, precision control system, nano-metrology, mechanics of cutting, vibration as well as materials sciences.
The theory of ultra-precision machining has been studied from the perspectives of various disciplines from continuum mechanics, materials science, to computer modeling.
"Materials Induced Vibration in Ultra-precision Machining," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 89-90, p.318 (1999)
"A Dynamic Surface Topography Model for the Prediction of Nano-surface Generation in Ultra-precision Machining," International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 4, p.961 (2001)
"A Microplasticity Analysis of Micro-cutting Force Variation in Ultra-precision Diamond Turning," Trans. of ASME, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 2, p.170-177 (2002)

Nano indentation techniques are convenient to study the biological materials.
Some questions are wandering in our minds like as ‘Can we learn from this to produce bio-inspired materials?
The mechanical properties of these raw materials are common.
Bolshakov: Journal of Materials Research Vol. 17 (2002), p.2660 [24] I.N.
Guo: Chinese Science Bulletin Vol. 55(2010), p.771

Takahashi: Composites Science and Technology, 61 (2001) 2117-2128; [2] Y.
Kohtoku: Journal of Materials Science, 33 (1998) 1217-1225; [3] P.
Gao: NanoStructured Materials, v. 11, n. 8, p. 1073-80, 1999; [5] T.A.
Waku, Journal of Crystal Growth 244 (2002) 384-392; [7] T.
Materials Science and Engineering A – Structural Materials Properties, v.172, p. 173-179, 1993; [9] R.A.

For getting the high temperature PG grade of three kinds of interlaminar spraying asphalt materials, high temperature PG grade of original samples and asphalt residues after RTFOT were tested by DSR.
[3] Shin-Che Huang: Rubber Concentrations on Rheology of Aged Asphalt Binders (Journal of Materials in Civil EngineeringMar, USA 2008)
[4] JianAn Yuan, JiPing Zhou, YuZhen Li: Analysis of Interaction Between SBS and Asphalt (China Journal of Highway and Transport, China 2005)
[6] Ruikun Dong, Jinliang Li, Shifeng Wang et al: Laboratory Evaluation of Pre-Devulcanized Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt as a Binder in Hot-Mix Asphalt (Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, USA 2011)
LI: Factors Affecting the Viscosity of Crumb Rubber–Modified Asphalt (Petroleum Science and Technology, USA 2010)

Materials and specimen's construction.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies.
Composites manufacturing: Materials, product and process enginering.
Composite Materials, Science and Applications.
Materials Selection in Mechanical Design.

The PULSTAR nuclear reactor at North Carolina State University is a 1-MW open-pool reactor and a center for irradiation and examination of materials.
Such materials are widely used as structural and sensor materials related to nuclear reactors where microstructural damage is critical in determining their performance and failure modes.
This demonstrates the sensitivity of PALS in quantifying vacancy levels in materials, which would be otherwise challenging to measure.
Gidley, The Intense Slow Positron Beam Facility at the PULSTAR Reactor and Applications on Nano-materials Study, AIP Conf.
Vallery, “Positron Annihilation as A Method to Characterize Porous Materials”, Annual Review of Materials Research, 36 (2006) 49–79 [9] M.

Waste tire powder (WTP) was reclaimed mechanically in presence of a new composite additive which consists of reinforcing materials (RM) and toughening materials (TM), and the effects of technical parameters and additives were investigated.
Experimental Materials.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 73 (14), 2951–2958
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 75 (12), 1493–1502
European Polymer Journal 42 (4), 917–927

It has been pointed out that the size effects of elasticity may be caused by the non-local influence between discrete structures of the materials[11,12].
Yang et al. further simplified Fleck and Hutchinson’s formulation, and introduce a linear elastic model for isotropic materials[18].
For homogeneous, centrosymmetric, isotropic materials, the strain energy density takes the following form[14] (1) in which, and are Lame’s constants and , and are constants in the HSGE model (see Toupin[13] and Mindlin[14] ).
E5090890) and Natural Science Foundation of ZheJiang (Y407241) for this project are greatly acknowledged.
Cohen: Journal of Polymer Science Part B-Polymer Physics Vol. 44, (2006), p. 1482 [11].

Bi-layer materials are processed by powder metallurgy route.
Figure 6: Plots of the a) shrinkage and b) shrinkage rate curves for 10C, 20F and 10C/20F materials. 10C material has a low sinterability in contrast with 20F material.
Dilatometric plots of 10F and 20C monomaterials and of 20C/10F bi-layer materials are given on the Figure 9.
Figure 9: Plots of the a) shrinkage and b) shrinkage rate curves for 20C, 10F and 20C/10F materials.
Moon, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 335 (2002) 233

[7] F.L.Methews, "Composite materials Engineering and Science", Wood head publishing, (1999), pp.30
Chen, "Young's module of composite filled with randomly oriented fibers", Journal of materials, (1968), 352-358
Kalamkarov , "A new model for multiphase Fiber matrix composite material", Composites part B 29B , Elsevier science Ltd. ( 1998 ),pp.643-653
[12] Oscar Hoffman, " The brittle strength of orthotropic material ", Journal of Composite Material, Vol-1, (1967), pp. 200-206
Sun, "Computer modeling and FEA simulation for composite single fiber pull-out", Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol. 14, (4), 2001, pp. 327-343 [18] Hsiang Tai, "Equivalent thermal conductivity of 2D & 3Dorthogonaly fiber reinforced composite in 1D heat flow", Journal of Composite Technology & Research, Vol-18, No3,(1996) pp. 221-227