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In 1938, the United States Bureau of Reclamation has developed the prototype of first generation permeable formwork which was made of thorns and wood pulp materials, and it was used in the Kentucky dam in 1941 for the first time.
The research and development of permeable formwork starts late in our country, but in recent years, research and development of lining materials have made great progress.
Tian, Study on surface quality of concrete improved by infiltrating formwork texture, Journal of Southeast University, 1 (2008) 146-150
Cheng, The newest development of controlled permeability formwork research, Building Science, 6 (2005) 12-15
Zhuang, Application of permeability formwork to construction of marine concrete, 21st Century Building Materials, 6 (2009) 31-33.

Introduction The recent trends in buildings - high-rise, multifunctional, and smart – require high-quality construction materials.
GA, currently called “garnet” or “diamond,” is being used as an abrasive for grinding TV braun tubes, or as a simple filter that physically removes floating materials.
The pozzolanic reaction of the combined materials, and the latent hydraulicity reaction, seemed to have increased the internal density of the concrete, subsequently improving the compressive strength.
Brown, The Role of Ettringite in External Sulfate Attack, in J Marchand and J Skalny Materials Science of Concrete Special Volume: Sulfate Attack Mechanism, the American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1999, 73-98
Cohen, Sulfate Attack on Concrete-Research Needs, ACI Material Journal January-February 1991

Low tool life is also another issue for those materials.
J. of Refractory and Hard Materials, 15 (1997) 73-79
[8] H.Klaasen and J.Kubarsepp, “Wear of advanced cemented carbides for metal forming tool materials”, Wear 256 (2004) 846-853
Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 31 (2012) 196-204
Upadhyaya, “Cemented tungsten carbides: Production, Properties and Testing”, Materials Science and Process Technology, Noyes Publication, 1998.

Experimental procedure The material used in this research is the Ti-6Al-4V alloy cast ingot with a diameter of 1000 mm melt by a 10t vacuum arc remelting furnace.
The tested results satisfy the requirements for the aeronautic materials.
Boyer, An overview on the use of titanium in the aerospace industry, Materials Science and Engineering A213 (1996) 103-114 [2] James C.
Starke, Jr, Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems, Acta Materialia 51 (2003) 5775–5799 [3] Zhang Baochang, Nonferrous metal and its heat treatment, Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University press, 1993 [4] Xia Jizhen, Qian Xinyuan.
Analyse of noise level requirement in ultrasonic testing for titanium alloys, Journal of Nanchang Institute of Aeronautical Technology, 1998,(1)

Wang 1, a 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, the University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia a b.b.wang@unsw.edu.au Keywords: Hyperbolic heat conduction, interface crack, layered media.
On the other hand, layered composite materials have wide applications in modern engineering.
The problem of a penny-shaped crack at the interface of two bonded infinite materials has been studied in [6].
Clearly, the problem of a penny-shaped crack at the interface of two bonded infinite materials [6] is a special case of the problem in this paper.
Martin: Journal of Computational Physics Vol. 33(1979), p. 1

The fire spread rapidly to all carriages within 60 seconds on account of the flammability of interior materials in the subway.
Niu: Advanced Materials Research Vol. 663 (2013), p. 17 [2] H.
Chen: submitted to Applied Mechanics and Materials (2014) [3] S.
Owen, et al: Fire and Materials Vol. 3 (1999), p. 383 [4] C.K.
Tooh: Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Vol. 24 (2010), p. 937 [10] D.

Evaluation and Study on the Bearing Capacity of Deck TypeConcrete Arch Bridge Hang Sun1 2,a, Dapeng Chen1,b,Yingping Wu3,c 1School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150090; 2Postdoctoral Station of Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090; 3Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing, China, 100010 abridge_hit@126.com,b chendapeng1990@126.com, c yingping0910@gmail.com Keywords: Arch Bridge, Bearing Capacity, Loading Test, Bearing Capacity Evaluation Abstract: As more and more arch bridges built with the construction method of cantilever erection, the strength and entirety of the bridge shall worry the designers.
It is beautiful in shape so can naturally integrated into the scenery and this kind of bridge bears more by fully using compressive properties of the material[1].
So in ancient times when materials were relatively undeveloped a larger span of the bridge could be adopted with a shape of an arch and the arch bridge would be strong and serve a long time.
Construction and Building Materials,2004, 18(9):661-667
Journal of Bridge Engineering,2001, 6(1): 54-62

Due to the large difference in performance from existing materials, graphene research is being actively conducted.
Li, Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils, Science 324 (2009) 1312-1314
[7] Yuhao Li, Rapid identification of two-dimensional materials via machine learning assisted optic microscopy, Journal of Materiomics. 5 (2019) 413-421
[8] Satoru Masubuchi, Deep-learning-based image segmentation integrated with optical microscopy for automatically searching for two-dimensional materials,  npj 2D Mater.
[9] Jiang-Bin Wu, Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices,  Chem.

Study of Computer Aided Process Planning Base on B/S Structure Wang jian-gang1, a Wan xiao-hang 2,b Wan yan-hui 3,c Shi jianling 4,d 1 Hebei college of Industry and Technology, 050091 Shijiazhuang Hebei, China 2 Hebei college of Industry and Technology, 050091 Shijiazhuang Hebei, China 3 Hebei college of Industry and Technology, 050091 Shijiazhuang Hebei, China 4 Hebei University of Science and Technology , 050018 Shijiazhuang Hebei, China ahbcit6860@163.com,bcollegebred@tom.com,cyanwang65@163.com dshiling@hebust.edu.cn Key words: Computer Aided Process Planning, B/S Structure, Internet, Parts information Abstract: With the flourish development of internet technique, information and resources in sharing goes into more quickly and conveniently, which makes the traditional CAPP system convert into the system based internet technique and the advantages are more and more obvious.
The part information includes that the geometry information, such as geometry shape, dimension,etc; technique information,such as machining precision, heat treatment, material type.etc. 3) Technique process design and manage module: In accordance with inputing part information, the CAPP system decides the group, and then, searches the typical technique document of this group, disposes the technique according to regulation, at last, the appropriate technique document is gotten, which relates to the machine tool resouce database, technique resource database, material database and cutting parameters database, and so on.
The method of kowledgere presentation for a CAPPsystem[J]，Joumal of Materials Proeessing Technology. 2003133(l):90-98
Journal of Materials Proeessing Technology，2003，138(l):297-300
Anapproach for interlinking design and Proeess planning[J], Joumal of Materials Processing Technology，2003，139(l):589-595.

Introduction Titanium nitride has been recognised as an excellent barrier material with good electrical conductivity in various metallisation structures of advanced microelectronic devices.
Apart from this, the classical field of application of TiN is as coating on cutting tools due to the excellent mechanical properties of this material such as high hardness and high wear resistance.
[6] Qi Zhang, Feng QI, Yongxiang Leng, A, Nan Huang and Zhenbing Cai: Key Engineering Materials, 353-358, (2007) pp1700-1703
Laser and Plasma Applications In Materials Science, AIP Conf.
Fig. 5: The variation of N/Ti ratio of TiN films with substrate bias (N2/Ar= 4/20) Fig. 4: The variation of N/Ti ratio of TiN films with nitrogen flow -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 N/Ti Substrate Bias Voltage IVI 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 N/Ti Nitrogen flow (sccm)[12] E.K.Tentardini, E.Blando and R.Hübler, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in physics Research B 175- 177(2001) 626 [13] G.Lemperiere and J.M.Poitevin, Thin solid Films,111 (1984) 339 [14] M.K.Lee, H.S.Kang, W.W.Kim, J.S.Kim,W.J.Lee, Journal of Materials Research, Vol 12, No.9,Sep 1997.