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Valdena 3, Riga, Latvia, LV-1048 2Riga Technical University, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, P.
Studies [11] have shown that fine-grained and hence fine-porous structures can also be obtained using nanosized raw material powders.
Materials and Methods The technological equipment that was used to produce nanosized alumina particles in high-frequency (HF) plasma-chemical synthesis was developed by the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University [12].
Intensive formation of ceramic structure begins at 1500 °C; grains converge to form a single frame.
Conclusions It is possible to obtain Al2O3 ceramics with homogeneous fine-grained structure; it is possible to adjust open porosity and the pore size.

The small concentrations of the molecules of polysaccharide hyaluronate Na and HBP play role of skeleton and can radically change the structure of the hybrid organic–inorganic material.
At the same time the variation in the structure of additives leads to the different character of the changes of the nonlinear coefficients.
One of the most important factor which influence on the cubic susceptibility of the investigated media is disordered nanoporous structure.
Table 3 Intensities thresholds forming filaments of investigated samples Sample Fused silica THEOS THEOS+ Hyaluronate Na 0,125% THEOS+ Hyaluronate Na 1% THEOS+ HBP 1% THEOS+ HBP1% + Au 46×10-5% Threshold intensity [W/cm2] 3.7×1011 2.5×1011 1.6×1011 7.5×1010 3×1011 3.9×1010 According got results presence in the structure polysaccharide Hyaluronate Na and nanoparticles of Au significantly reduce threshold intensity of forming filaments.
Scherer: Sol–gel science, the physics and chemistry of sol–gel processing (Academic Press, Boston 1990) [9] E.S.

Preparation and Activity of Ionic Liquid Catalysts Grafted on Hydrophobic Silica Gel Xuelan Zhang1, 2, a, Dengfeng Wang 1, b 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, P.R.
China 2State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P.R.
The results showed that, post-grafting modified molecular sieve could maintain the integrity of the structure of molecular sieve and high grafting amount.
Such grafted ionic liquids (GILs) were characterized by means of FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption to determine their structures and properties.
Results and discussion Texture and structure of samples.

Molecular Simulation Method and Parameters Setup The soft ware adopted in this work is Virtual Material 1.0 (Developed by Beijing chemistry institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences).
The structures and energies are basically unchanged after 15000 ps dynamic calculations.
The whole systems structures are more compact and more stable after the composition.
We theoretically discussed the feasibilities of the PAMAM and HPAE as templates, the results show that the unique structure and properties of the dendrimer determines their ability as template and stabilizer in the reaction process.
Colloid and interface chemistry.

It allows the determining of the chemical composition of a specimen, morphology and structure.
The decrease in intensities of the samples was due to the loss of crystallinity in the structure of the ZrO2.
It is due to the destruction of the ZrO2 structure.
Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry. 15 (2006) 247-252
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 15 (2009) 388-392

Theoretical calculations In 3-21G * basis, we set optimization of C7H12O+ hull structure with the density functional B3LYP method, and frequency calculation at the same level, The results showed no imaginary frequency, the configuration has been optimized for a minimum energy structure.
C7H12O+ structure shown in figure 2: Fig.2 C7H12O+ structure We use the CIS method, the 3-21G * basis sets for calculating the configuration of different excited state vibration frequencies. 
In the B3LYP/6-31 + G (d, p) level, all possible fragments generated by the GaussView3.07 the initial structure and internal coordinates, the structure of C5H7O+ fragments optimization and frequency calculation.
The results in Table 3: Table 3 C5H7O+ fragments of structure optimization, frequency calculation Fragmentation pathway Frequency analysis Optimized stable structures 2P2 2C-3C;4C-5C break Frequency: no virtual frequency Comparison can be seen from the table, the lowest energy structure is the path formed by the debris 2P2, so C5H7O+ fragmentation path to a stable structure as shown in the ring structure 2P2.
The basic principles of quantum chemistry and ab initio calculation [M].Beijing: Science press, 1985 [3] Lubman D M, Naaman R, Zare R N.

It is demonstrated that the morphology and structure of ultimate nano-particles completely depends on the pH value of reaction mixture.
While the neutral pH value favors the smallest nano-particles with a mean particle size of 50 nm and complete amorphous structure, the acidic condition promotes the growth process and the crystal structure.
In one hand, this process is fast and convenient, but on the other hand it has a complicated chemistry and is so sensitive to experimental conditions.
The initial XRD patterns show discrepancies between the initial structures.
This effect promotes the formation of nano-crystalline phase in the initial structure and the formation of the hcp structure after heat treatment.

Silver and Palladium-Embedded Acrylamide-Based Hybrid Cryogels as Antimicrobial Agents Qamir Ullah1,a, Nadeem Kizilbash2,b, Jaweria Ambreen1,3c*, Abdul Haleem4,d, Mohamed Soliman5, e, Mashael Alhumaidi Alotaibi6, f, Muhammad Siddiq7,g 1Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan 2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar-91431, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 4School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 5Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar-91431, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City-35516, Egypt 6Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O.
Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia 7Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan aqamirullah@gmail.com, bnadeem.kizilbash@nbu.edu.sa, cjaweria.ambreen@comsats.edu.pk*, dhaleem@mail.ustc.edu.cn, emohamed.sherif@nbu.edu.sa, fmaotaibi@ju.edu.sa, gm_sidiq12@yahoo.com Keywords: Hybrid cryogel, nanoparticles, antibacterial agent Abstract.
For example, synthetic polymeric gels exhibit a porous morphology, and their chemical structure can easily be fine-tuned for the incorporation of metal nanoparticles in their matrix for removing pollutants from water [7].
Generally, the incorporation of metal nanoparticles in gel matrices is easier since they possess metal-binding sites containing OH, COOH, OH, -SO3H, -SH, NH2 functional groups in their structure.
SEM analysis indicates that cryogenic conditions are suitable for macropore size formation and catalytic applications as compared to the hydrogel which possesses closed cavities and a dense structure.

The resulting polymer exhibits a macro-porous structure with globule size around 1 μm (Fig. 1)
(1) (2) Fig. 1: (1) Structure of SP acrylate monomer and EDMA cross-linker used to synthesise the spiropyran acrylate based monolith. (2) Scanning electron micrograph of a cross-section of the porous structure of the SP acrylate monolith.
Diamond, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2008, 18, 5063
Kanamori, Chemistry of Materials 2007, 19, 2730
Svec, Analytical Chemistry 2009, 81, 2004

Scherer, Sol-Gel Science: the Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel processing.
Sanchez, Hybrid organic-inorganic materials: a land of multidisciplinarity, Journal of Materials Chemistry. 6 (1996) 511-525
Tsai, Hydrolysis and condensation of forsterite precursor alkoxides: modification of the molecular gel structure by acetic acid, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 298 (2002) 116-130
Mustarelli, Synthesis of zirconia/polyethylene glycol hybrid materials by sol–gel processing and connections between structure and release kinetic of indomethacin, Drug Delivery
Mustarelli, Structure and magnetic properties of SiO2/PCL novel sol–gel organic–inorganic hybrid materials, Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 203 (2013) 92-99