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Piezoelectric material is one of the popular smart materials for sensing and actuating due to its unique characteristics, such as fast reaction, self-diagnosing, self-recovery, etc.
For a material with linear constitutive relation， ( )1,2,id i N= ⋅⋅⋅ is a linear function of voltage ( ) 1 1,2, , ; 1,2, , M i ij j j d V i N j M α = = = ⋅⋅⋅ = ⋅⋅⋅ ∑ （9） where ( ) 1,2, , ; 1,2, , ij i N j M α = ⋅⋅⋅ = ⋅⋅⋅ are constants.
The material parameters for the host plate are 1=70GPaE , 2 E =9.7GPa , 12=6.0GPaG , 12=0.3υ ， 23=0.02035 υ , -6 1 1.39 10 C α = × ° , -6 2 8.06 10 C α = × ° and for the PZT patch are 12=70GPa E E= , 12=28GPaG , 12 13 23=0.25 ν ν ν= = and 31 32 5.2 /( ) e e N mV = = − .
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the support of Natural Science Foundation in Dalian University of Technology, Grant No.
Li: Journal of South China University of Technology Vol. 31(2003), p. 84

Bead-on-plate welding on Q235A steel by underwater wet welding process with flux-cored wire Hongtao Zhang1,2,a, Hongyu Gao1,b, Wenjie Jiang1,c and Shisheng Zhong2,d 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin institute of Technology at Weihai Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China 2School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin institute of Technology Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China ahitzht@yahoo.com.cn(corresponding author), bhitgaohongyu@163.com, cwenjiedada@yahoo.cn,dzhongss@mail.hitwh.edu.cn Keywords:underwater wet welding; microstructure; orthogonal experiment; microhardness Abstract.Bead-on-plate welds was made by underwater wet welding with flux-cored wire in a tailor-made pentrough.
Table 1 The chemical constitution of base metal(wt%) material C Si Mn P S Q235A 0.22 0.35 1.40 0.045 0.050 Table 2 The mechanical property of base metal Material Yield strength(N/mm2) Tensile strength(N/mm2) Elongation at break(%) Q235A 235(thickness≤16mm) 370~500 26 (thickness≤40mm) Fig .1 The modified welding machine 2.2 Welding procedure 9mm thick Q235A steel plate was cut and machined into rectangular welding samples with size of 200 mm×100 mm.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 174 (2006) 34–41.

In the third group, the exhaust manifold surface is coated by compound silicate insulation materials.
The materials make the internal temperature not to be distributed to the surface, so the surface temperature is controlled within the required 150 ℃.
The method of heat insulation which means coating the exhaust mainfold by special material will make the surface temperature not exceed 150℃.
While the heat preservation material price is so high that the manufacturing cost will rise.
Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, Vol.12, pp.77, sep. 1999.

Recent reports emphasized materials and their innovations in green energy, particularly those related to high-efficiency and high-recyclability green energy systems[3-7].
Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess high surface-area-to-volume ratios that enhance interactions with ions or molecules, yielding high performance in SGP conversion and molecular separation [8].Materials like graphene exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, rendering films more durable and resistant to damage during operation [9, 10].
[7] Macha M, Marion S, Nandigana VVR, Radenovic A. 2D materials as an emerging platform for nanopore-based power generation.
Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2021;143:1932-40
ACS Applied Polymer Materials. 2024;6:1439-48

The material for the deck is reinforced concrete, using C40 concrete and HRB335 reinforcing bar.
The material of the steel pipe piles is Q235 steel.
The models of wharfs with 7m, 10m and 12m water depth were established according to the spring stiffness and material properties.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by Science and Technology Project of the Traffic Transportation Department(Study on the Seismic Performance design and disaster reduction technology of Harbour Engineering), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51078033) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51178045).
Journal of Waterway and Harbour. 2(2006)101-104

Research on Asymmetric and Negative offset Mechanism of Large-scale Steel Plate Rolling Shear Yugui Li1,3, Lifeng Ma 2, Qingxue Huang1 and Siqin Pang3 1 College of Material and Science Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 030024 2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan , Shanxi, China, 030024 3 Shcool of Mechanical Vehicular Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, 100081 a Liyugui2008@163.com; bmalifengfqh@163.com; c pangsq@bit.edu.cn Keywords: Rolling shear, Asymmetric, Negative offset, Shear quality Abstract.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank for the support of National Science and Technology Key Tackle Project on Great Technology Development ( ZZ01-13A-03-03-04), and Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Key Tackle Project (2006031174).
Lu: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 66 (1997), pp. 236

Experimental teaching content and methods for excellence program The content of experiment teaching.According to the characteristics and the University of Science and Technology Liaoning courses of civil engineering, civil engineering designs 9 experimental projects.
The 9 experimental projects were covered by the basic characteristics of raw materials, material composition design, structure, performance and safety performance, characteristics and construction process, comprehensively relates to the whole process of Engineering project.
This new teaching mode has been piloted in University of Science and Technology Liaoning class of 2009 and 2010 students participated in the experimental design, test and training from specimen, loading test, the experimental results analysis and summary of the whole process.
Science and technology information，2011(15)：145-146
Journal of Huaihai Institute of Technology，2010(8)：122-124

Besides, because of its ultra-low ash, low sulfur content, low mining cost and fine reactivity, Zhundong coal is considered the low pollution raw material for coal-fired power plant and coal chemical industry.
The materials of low melting point, which is formed from the reaction between sodium and other substances at high temperature will lead to serious slagging and fouling.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (2012BAA04B01).
Bryers: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science Vol. 22 (1996), p. 29-120 [3] Hong Xu: Proceedings of the CSEE Vol. 23 (2003), p. 183-187 (in Chinese) [4] C.
Johnson: Journal of Engineering for Power Vol. 102 (1980), p. 397-402 [7] K.Q.

Journal of the Party School of CPC Jinan Municipal Committee.
Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.2006, In Chinese [15] Kongjian Yu.
Vol. 5 (2007), p. 25-27, In Chinese [16] Wenhu Ye. environmental management science.
Science Times.2007(3) , In Chinese [18] Liping Li, Shicheng Peng.
Journal of Ningxia University (Natural Science Edition).

Evaluation of The Wool Fiber Surface Modified by Chlorine and Pilling Propensity of Single Jersey Ailan Wan 1, a, Weidong Yu 1,2, b 1Textile Materials and Technology Laboratory of Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; 2 College of garment & art design, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.
Experimental Materials.
All the fiber samples were cleaned by Soxhlet extraction with acetone and grain alcohol for 4h, air-dried and then rinsed thoroughly in distilled water to remove reagents, inorganic and proteinaceous materials.
Acknowledgement Funding for this project was provided by the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province through Major Project for Technology Development (MPTD, 2008C01069).
Richards: Journal of the Textile Institute Proceedings Vol. 53 (1962), p. 447 - 447 [3] R.