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Deformation measures as well as the applied load and the absolute position of the machine piston were acquired by means of a NI SCXI 1600 data acquisition board and processed by a LabView virtual instrument.
Load versus displacement charts were used to register abruptly reductions of the axial stiffness, that are clearly recognizable symptoms of buckling in progress.
Nevertheless, a reduction of the axial stiffness takes place, and is well recognizable on the chart because the piston stroke increases with a reduction of the load support capability of the system.
Fig.6 - case fracture Fig.5 - arm collapse Fig.7 - model geometry The unknown value of the bending stiffness K has been optimized by numerical least square fit of the experimental data.

Take a two-dimensional structure of slide templates, shapes can be linear, circular, cross and circle the ring, then sort the values pixel by pixel of the template, generate monotonic increase or decrease of two-dimensional data sequence.
Because most of the noise underground coal mine is impulse noise, according to the principle of median filtering which is based on data sorting, the probability of using unpolluted pixel value to replace noise point is very large, so the noise suppression effect is better, while the screen still maintain clarity.
As there are a lot of impulse noise underground so the original image (Fig.1 (a) Fig.2 (a)) first used median filtering method for noise reduction, and the reduction effects are shown in Fig.1 (b) and Fig.2 (b) below.
But because of the contrast of the image is still low, background and foreground resolution is not very clear, so on the basis of the initial noise reduction using the histogram equalization and adaptive histogram equalization to enhance the images.

Kimura [8] researched the effects of circular grooves on reduce friction for golf ball, whether the drag reduction was significance or not depended on the location of grooves.
Yamagishi [9] carried out a study on numerical analysis of the circumferential motion over a cylinder with textured grooves on which external face in large Reynolds number case, and found cavitations occurred at the inner of texturing groove, simultaneously, the transition of cavitations was assigned from laminar to turbulent boundary layer, and the reduction of the friction coefficient of texturing surface was performed.
The width w and depth hp of micro-groove have effects on load supporting capacity and reduction of friction; here numerical results are showed in the name of total pressures, wall shear stress and related mean friction coefficient, and net calculating forces.
Fig. 3 The mean friction coefficient for different grooves Fig. 4 The net forces of various structure of grooves The data of mean coefficient of friction for various micro arc-grooves were obtained by the mathematic method of surface integral for wall shear stress τ and total pressure loaded on sliding surface, which was shown in Fig. 3.
The proposed technique is easy and allowable to obtain an optimized data of micro-groove for hydrodynamics lubrication.

So, the improvement in the performance of mc-Si solar cell can directly contribute to energy saving and CO2 reduction of the world.
One of the important ways of minimizing this detrimental effect and subsequently improving the conversion efficiency of solar cell is a reduction of the reflectance using an appropriate antireflection coating (ARC).
The data of PAM1.5(l) was adopted from reference spectra of ASTM G173-03.[5] (2) Sampling and measurement results The mc Si solar cell sample is supplied by Hangzhou Sunny Solar Energy Co.
The results of sampled along left vertical red lines in Fig.1 are shown in Fig.2 with data 1-10.
As a comparison, the right side of picture appears porous structure; multi-reflection inside of porous structure will benefit the light absorption of solar cell.[6, 7] 2000X 400X (b) (a) Fig. 5 Surface topographic structure in crystalline grain boundary of region 2 Conclusions The reflectance reduction is a straightforward approach for improving optical to electrical conversion efficiency of photovoltaic solar cell.

The battery energy density and solar efficiency’s extrapolated forecast data do not show any sign of technology maturation.
Methodology Data on solar-powered electric UAV model specifications were obtained from a previous work [18] because of the availability of such data and the successful flight tests already conducted.
Solar efficiency’s extrapolated forecast data show a linear increase with time at roughly 0.47% per year.
In addition, the reduction in control weight decreased to 23.0% and it is nearly 0.09 kg in 2036.
Both battery energy density and solar efficiency’s extrapolated forecast data do not show any sign of a maturing technology.

Based on the test data, the formulas for forecasting the carbonized depth of MSC are suggested.
Meanwhile, as the larger water to cement ratio was got by decreasing the cement dosage with constant water dosage, which brought about the reduction of cement hydrates that could be carbonized.
The follow forecast model of carbonized depth of MSC will based on the analyses of test data in these ranges.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the fitness of above formulas with test data.
Fig. 3 Fitness of formula (1) with test data Fig. 4 Fitness of formula (2) with test data Conclusions To improved the engineering application of concrete with machine-made sand, the resistance of this new concrete to carbonization was studied with the comparison of ordinary concrete.

The data obtained shows that the Fe-Y2O3 composites samples possessed superior hardness value with the increasing quantity of reinforcement compared to the unreinforced Fe composite.
From the experimental results observed in Figure 2, it shows that the presence of reinforcement particulates caused reduction of sintered densities.
This is supported by a study elsewhere that the addition of Y2O3 particulates as reinforcements into MMCs resulted on the reduction of grain size, which gives better mechanical properties than unreinforced matrix [10].
Experimental data showed that the hardness values increases while the density decreases with the increasing percentage of Y2O3 in the Fe-Y2O3 composites.

The reduction of CO2 and other GHG will not only be beneficial locally but will contribute in achieving the globally fixed targets.
The techniques for primary data collection included one-to-one interviews and focus group.
Beside the saving of LPG and production of fertilizer the reduction in GHG was possible and the success was a provocation for communities around to built their own biogas plants.
The reduction of primary fossil energy use for one school with 4 units of biogas comes out to be 0.61cubic meter per day.
The carbondioxide emission reduction from biogas generation of this project is 111 kgCO2 per year.

Comparisons and analysis are to make based on the data obtained from these materials using diverse electrochemical devices and methods.
(Data from Schrőder et al.2003) Electrode modification Current density [mA-1cm-2] Polyaniline 0.29 Platinum black 0.84 Platinum black+polyaniline 1.25 Polyaniline-related anode.
With the researches going further, Transition metal macrocycles have been of great interest in catalytically reduced oxygen reduction.
Therefore, seeking novel catalytic materials has become an effort to optimize the oxygen reduction occurring on the cathode surface.
Bio-films developing on the cathode surface by some microorganisms have proved to be feasible to play a role in catalyzing reduction reactions.

By dealing with the ultimate bearing capacity test on 12 short columns of separation CFST which are subjected to the eccentric compression, this paper has studied on the mechanical properties of non-separation side compression CFST, revealed the influence of separation ratio and the eccentricity ratio to mechanical properties, and provided basic research data for further CFST study in the future.
The basic data of the CFST are shown in table 1.
Measure value and calculated value of ultimate loads of specimen Number Separation ratio % Measure value of ultimate load/ kN Average value of measure ultimate load/ kN Calculated value of ultimate load/kN Load reduction % load reduction coefficient Seh-20-0 0 1540 1610 1649 2.37 0.98 Seh-20-0 1680 SehB-20-4 0.68 1510 1520 7.89 0.92 SehB-20-4 1530 SehB-20-8 1.90 1430 1435 13.00 0.87 SehB-20-8 1440 SehB-20-12 3.47 1400 1390 15.70 0.84 SehB-20-12 1380 SehB-20-18 6.30 1370 1370 16.92 0.83 0.76 SehB-20-26 10.76 1260 1260 23.6 SehB-40-4 0.68 1200 1200 1261 4.84 0.95 SehB-60-4 910 910 1019 10.70 0.89 Note: Load reduction=(The Calculated value of ultimate load- Average value of measure ultimate load)/ Calculated value of ultimate load.
Load reduction coefficient=1- Load reduction Compare with compression on the separation side Fig.8 is load-longitudinal strain comparative curves of middle-section of some elements in loading A and B.
The concrete support for steel is litter effected with the reduction of tension concrete area in loading mode B.