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When immerged for 1 day, the medium was with a high level of oxygen, aerobic bacteria produced acid through the oxidation-reduction reaction and released acid material, so that the pH value sharply lowered.
There was only one time constant in impedance spectra after immerged for 10-20 days, which indicated that although corrosive medium induced the electric double layer capacitance aggrandizement and polarization resistance reduction of passivating film, the passivating film was still complete.
The equivalent circuit diagram achieved from data fitting was accord with impedance analysis results.
Potentiodynamic polarization curves In Fig.4(a), it is shown that when there wasn't bacteria, the microbiological corrosion resistance of Fe3Al / ZrO2 composite with 20% (wt %) Fe3Al was the best for more ZrO2 content and enough 30% 60% 80% 90% Rt(kOhm) 37.81 2619 662.3 33.25 Cd 949.2nf 1.39uf 1.03uf 2.6uf (m) 679.5 587 809.5 481.3 Ra(Ohm) 1876 221.8 387.1 -- Cf(Nf) 76.46 88.12 17.75 -- (m) 300.1 393.7 380.1 -- Rs(Ohm) 50.58 31.27 83.51 83.71 Table.1 Data fitting of the equivalent circuits Fe3Al to form passivating film.
Corrosive medium induced the electric double layer capacitance aggrandizement and polarization resistance reduction and finally partly dissolved the passivating film.

These are a significant reduction of energy use in industry because of being energy intensive sectors and provision of energy efficiency in buildings.
According to Treloar et al., the countries in the studies differ from one another in not only geographic and climatic characteristics, but also in raw material quality, production processes, economic data, processes of delivered energy generation, transport distances, energy use (fuel) in transport, and labor.
Energy and Building Materials Sector in Turkey According to data from the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources in 2009, 91% of the primary energy is supplied from fossil fuels, 9% of the primary energy from hydro and renewable sources.
The works are done about alternative fuel use, solid waste reduction and reduction of gas emission.
Thus, both the waste gas reduction and savings from resource use for heating purposes are provided.

With respect to reducing of residual stresses due to shrinkage we proposed the alternative micro-concrete CM2 with content shrinkage reduction admixture (SRA).
For this concrete was applied the same shrinkage reduction admixture as in case of CM2.
Measured data were continually recorded by data acquisition system under laboratory conditions.
Magnitude of shrinkage CM2 confirmed the favorable effect of shrinkage reduction admixtures.
Fig. 9 Hypothetical stress due to shrinkage Discussion Favorable effect of shrinkage reduction admixture is evident when the shrinkage development is compared between CM1 and CM2.

Searching the environmental impacts reduction generated by the disposal of drilling mud, many studies seek their reuse, e.g. drilling chips like loads for composition of asphalt roads and cements, after specific treatments.
The data suggest that the thermal treatment associated to acidic washing contributed to the increase in surface area, being more appropriate the conditions that lead to the calcination of solid material under a temperature of 450°C.
Note, also, considerable reduction of aluminium and iron, whose cations are a constituent part of the octahedral structure of the clay [7].
The data reveal that the clay extracted from the drilling process showed a greater capacity of nitrogen removal than the unused clay, in a total quantity exceeding the 20%.
The treatment conditions contributed to reduction of Ca2+ cations, besides to increase the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, evidencing the aluminium cation extraction from the clay structure and allowing a greater number of pores generated.

As shown in Fig. 3, experimental apparatus for measuring temperature consisted of the T-type thermocouples, data acquisition unit and PC.
And the data was saved every second by PC through the DAQ100.
Averaged temperature after 120 sec (°C) Without piezoelectric actuator With piezoelectric actuator Reduction of the temperature difference Reduction of the temperature difference as the percentage of the temperature difference from without piezoelectric actuator Point 1 14.4 11.8 2.6 18.06% Point 2 9.7 9.8 -0.1 -1.03% Point 3 13.9 11.3 2.6 18.71% Average 12.7 11 1.7 13.39% Accordingly, the result shows that temperature distribution of cooling region was regularly formed by piezoelectric actuator.
The averaged temperature of cooling region is found to be 11°C, and the averaged temperature drop is 1.7°C, which means a 13.39% reduction compared to the case with piezoelectric actuator.
Conclusions When the temperature results without and with piezoelectric actuator were compared, the averaged temperature to the case with piezoelectric actuator was lower than the case without piezoelectric actuator as about 1.7°C, which means a 13.39% reduction of the averaged temperature.

Both the reduction of the Mn3+ -O2- - Mn4+ bond angle observed from the XRD data for the HPT sample and the possible non-stoichiometry will lead to a weakening of the ferromagnetic double exchange and thus to reduction of TC (Tm).
The volume of the oxygen deficient intragranular regions is increased because of the significant reduction of the grain sizes, which has been determined using the average coherent scattering area, i..e., from the XRD data.

Introduction Size reduction of planar devices, beneficial for the transistor packaging density, leads to gate control loss over the channel.
Unfortunately both approaches result in higher junction leakage and mobility reduction for short channel devices.
A consequence of a perfect non-conformal doping is dramatic reduction of the drive current.
The sheet resistance (Rs) of implanted layers was extracted taken into consideration standard mobility data with maximum dopant active concentration at the level of 3x10 20 cm-3.
Figure 5: Monte Carlo simulations followed by Rs extraction based on the standard mobility data for a) boron, b) arsenic, and c) phosphorus.

These stress-strain curves are used for finite element model input data as shown in literature [3].
The comparison of axial stress versus the diameter reduction curve from the FE simulation and the experiment as well as the maximum true axial stress in the center of the specimen can be found in Fig. 2.
The simulated axial stress versus the diameter reduction curve coincides with the experimental one until crack initiation, where the experimental curve drops suddenly.
For the FZ, as the notched round specimen from the FZ is not available, the T0 for the FZ is assumed roughly as three times of the yield stress of the FZ according to literature data [12], which leads to T0=1600 MPa.
Based on the axial stress versus diameter reduction curve of notched round specimens, the cohesive strength T0 is fixed.

Flexible General can be regarded as pure friction piles, the resistance of pile tip is zero, the penetration of pile tip is zero, pile tip is equal settlement section, that is, (16) (1) Reduction (16) (17) When r=a, z=0, formula (17) is (18) Vertical force balance by pile body: (19) From Figure 3 you can have the following conditions: (20) (9), (15) substituted (18), combined with (19), (20), can have value. is the position of the neutral point, also the first sink surface.
When other conditions unchanged, based on data over Tianjin-Binhai high-speed (26) calculation, Pile-soil stress ratio increased as the cushion modulus，its relationship as the calculation of the curves in Figure 5, the 3 point in Figure 6 is the measured pile-soil stress ratio when cushion modulus is 30,50,90 MPa.
In the figure, measured and calculated values have some differences, but changing trend, calculated values from (26), (26) with elastic deformation equation multiplied the reduction coefficient to be.
This shows that plastic effect of cushion is obvious, but more complex plastic State, reduction factor value under the influence of many factors, easily lead to errors.
Under Tianjin-Binhai high-speed of data by type (26) calculation known, Pile-soil stress ratio increased as the pile modulus, its relationship as the calculation curve in Figure 6, but changes range of pile-soil stress ratio between 1~4, site test [7] results: Cement-mixing piles under embankment of pile-soil stress ratio between 2~4, both basic anatomists.

The price aspect of construction and the fact that the measures leading to reduction of operating expenses on a facility are more expensive in terms of investment prevail in decision-making process in the Czech Republic.
Product life cycle stages · New opportunities for product · Analysis of philosophy and selectable system options · Selection of product · Selection of technology · Decision to manufacture / buy · Identification of significant cost items · Assessment of construction · Assessment of manufacturability · Inspiring suggestions for warranties · Optimization of costs and revenues of design · Selection of resources · Configuration control and change procedure control · Strategy of testing · Decision to repair/ use by a single application · Tailoring the performance · Security strategy · New product introduction · Integration and system verification · Benefits resulting from cost savings/ reduction · Monitoring of operating and maintenance costs · Modification of product and improvement of maintenance · Allocation and optimization of resources for maintenance assurance · Incidence of costs on product disposal · Replacement/ reconstruction programs · Cost of waste material
Three methods are presented for identification of costs - technical method of cost estimation (utilization of firm's technical and production estimates), the method of cost estimation pursuant to analogy (as per experience in a similar type of product with utilization of history data) and the parameter method of cost estimation (equations for utilization of parameters and variables).
It contains also an explanatory example of the product life cycle costs analysis which is a data communication network and a general example for creation of an LCC model with the breakdown of cost items.
on Energy Performance of Buildings, superseding the Decree No. 148/2007 Coll., define the requirements for reduction of energy performance of buildings, its calculation and assessment, and impose the duty to produce the Energy Performance Certificate of building.