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Online since: June 2004
Authors: Peter Friedrichs, Heinz Mitlehner, Dietrich Stephani, Reinhold Schörner, Rudolf Elpelt
Besides a further reduction of the on-resistance other characteristics like the temperature dependence of the on-resistance and the saturation behavior of the drain current are subject of redesign and technology refinements.
The reduction of the on-resistance was indirectly achieved by reducing the field crowding at the buried gate.
Potential for improving the device performance is mainly present in the control region since for a given breakdown voltage the data sets for the drift regions (epilayer thickness and doping) are restricted.
As already stated earlier we are able to design the controlling head region (see Fig. 1) nearly independent of the actual blocking voltage (for this parameter only the data of the drift region are of importance).
As already presented earlier there are additional possibilities for a further reduction of the field crowding at the edge of the buried p-implantation [3].
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Wen Cai Xu, Jia Yue Sun, Yin Yang
Pigment: BaCaBO3F: Eu3+, Li+ phosphor synthesized by the high temperature method; Vehicles: domestic phenol-formaldehyde resin; Additives: dragging reduction improvers (varnish), dispersants (bentonite), oxidation inhibitors; Process paper: no visible light can be seen under the excitation of ultraviolet light such as 254 and 365 nm.
The excitation and emission spectra were recorded by using a Hitachi, F-4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer with a photomultiplier tube operating at 400 V, and a 150-W Xe lamp was used as the excitation lamp; the measured fluorescence spectra data were all calibrated under the same operating conditions.
The shear viscosity of this as-prepared fluorescent ink was measured by using a ARES-RFS rotation dynamometer operating at the rate of shear ranging from 0.2 s-1 to 50 s-1, and the measured data were all calibrated under the same operating temperature (32 ºC)[6].
In conditions of 3 % of the dragging reduction improvers, 2 % of the dispersants, and 1 % of the oxidation inhibitors, we gradually increased the fluoresce content (30%, 31%, 32%, …39%) to prepare the fluorescent anti-counterfeit offset printing ink.
The influence on additive amount of the luminescence properties of fluorescent ink was investigated widely in order to determine a more ideal ratio of fluorescent ink by analyzing the photoluminescence spectra, viz, 35% of BaCa0.7BO3F: 0.15Eu3+, 0.15Li+ phosphor as the pigment particles, 2% of the dragging reduction improvers, 2 % of the dispersants, 1% of the oxidation inhibitors and 57% of the resin vehicles.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Qiao Ling Wu, Dong Xiao Niu, Chun Xiang Liu, Lei Lei Fan
Introduction As requirement of energy conservation, emissions reduction and sustainable development increases, China developed new energy actively.
Analytical hierarchy process is a multi-objective decision-making method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis and has the advantage of clear and distinct layer, low data accuracy and more accurate results.
Table 1 Evaluation index system of wind power industry comprehensive benefits Target Level Primary Index Secondary Index Third Level Index Comprehensive Benefits(A) Economic Benefit (A1) Profitability (B1) Cost Profit Margin(C1) Assets Profit Margins (C2) Solvency (B2) Liquidity Ratios (C3) Asset-liability Ratio (C4) Interest Coverage Ratio (C5) Development ability (B3) Sales Growth (C6) Profit Growth(C7) Social Benefit (A2) Social Economy (B4) GDP Growth (C8) Living Standard Improvement( C9) Social Environment(B5) Employment Promotion(C10) Energy Structure Adjustment(C11) Environmental Benefit (A3) Natural Resources (B6) Natural Resource Saving(C12) Pollution Reduction (C13) Natural Environment(B7) Fan Noise Effect (C14) Electromagnetic Radiation(C15) Effect on Birds (C16) Vegetation Destruction (C17) Weight Determination Based on AHP.
Comprehensive benefits of wind power industry are ordinary and because of its energy conservation and emission reduction effect, wind power has certain feasibility.
All the evaluation data are presented by experts based on grading standard.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Tao Luo, Qian Wang, Yan Xu
Among them, the car's steering stability is particularly important that we take a look at the car swerved caused by the traffic accident data.
ESP computer calculates the theoretical values ​​to maintain vehicle stability, and then compare the yaw angular acceleration sensor and the measured lateral acceleration sensor data, determine the vehicle unstable forms.
From the above analysis if the ABS reduces target slip rate, the braking force is reduced, the lateral force is increased, if you reduce the vehicle rear side two wheels ABS target slip rate, the lateral force Fy3, Fy4 increases, Fy3, Fy4 reduced, Fy3, Fy4 increasing lead to increasing MZr, but also makes the reduction of Fx4 and MZr, thus the method of increasing the lateral force Fy3, Fy4 is not obvious.
Analysis known, if we reduce upper and lower limits of ABS work area, Fx1, Fx3 reduced, Fy1, Fy3 increases, and Fy1, Fy3 has the role of offset the vehicle center of gravity torque, Fy1, Fy3 increasing has little effect on the reduction of MZf, reducing longitudinal braking force Fx1, Fx3 by reducing the target slip rate of ABS leads to the reduction of torque MZf, at the same time , Fy1, Fy3 increasing also improving the ability of vehicle lateral resistance interfere ensuring the vehicle's lateral stability; increased outside wheel slip ratio curve working range limits can ensure the braking performance.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Cherng Shing Lin, Kuo Da Chou, Chia Chun Yu
According to data from 1998 from the U.S.
After long-term collecting data and summarizing statistics, the objective values were set based on global outstanding assessment (GOA), which was proposed by a T-brand automobile company, and on the abundant experimental data of the T-brand automobile company (Table 3).
The data revealed 80 mm of intrusion at Pillar A and 210 mm of intrusion at the foot space.
These data can be used for designing vehicle structures, enabling designers to improve unsatisfactory components.
Only the probability of occupants’ injuries can be examined based on the statistical data.
Online since: February 2024
Authors: Mohd Irfan Hatim Mohamed Dzahir, Umi Fazara Md Ali, Mohamad Amirul Izat Nordin, Nur Azrie Hizad Ab Aziz, Anis Atikah Ahmad
For the adsorption equilibrium study, data from batch studies at various initial concentrations (20 - 100 mg/L) after 1 hour were utilized.
Data from batch studies covering different contact times (20–100 mins) were collected for the adsorption analysis.
Fig. 1 represents the data for the removal efficiency of Copper (Cu) from wastewater at various adsorbent dosages for each of the studied adsorbents: WT-rCB and WT-dAC.
Fig. 3 represents the data of the effect of difference initial concentration of removal efficiency of Copper (Cu) from wastewater at different concentration for each of the studied adsorbents which is WT-dAC.
Fig. 5(a) shown the data of Langmuir isotherm that have higher linear regression R2 value of 0.9153 compared to Freundlich isotherm with 0.8191 in Fig. 5(b).
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Ming He Cao, Han Xing Liu, Zhi Yong Yu, Hua Hao, Jing Wu, Zhi Dong Lin, Li Lin Guo
All cyclic voltammograms datas were acquired using a computer-based potentiostate/galvanostate (model 283) (EG&GP Princeton Applied Research, Princeton, NJ, USA).
All results indicate that three hybrids are typical sandwich organic-inorganic perovskite hybrids, which are coincided with that of XRD data.
It is well known that the oxidation and reduction of Fe(CN)63 is the most active in all bare electrodes.
From Fig. 4, we can see the oxidation and reduction potential is 413.0 and -164.9 mV and △Ep is 577.9 mV.
These results demonstrate that the oxidation and reduction of the sensing device 1, 2, 3 are neither from Fe(CN)63- nor from AP.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Waleed I. Hamad, John S. Owen, Mohammed F.M. Hussein
These vibration characteristics have been extracted, in most studies, using either model-based approaches or data-driven methods.
Data from both laboratory investigations and field measurements on cracked concrete structures have provided useful information.
This presence of non-linearity in RC structures has led researchers to consider extracting non-linear quantities from the vibration data and relating them to damage.
Vibration data were first collected before the application of loading and then at every 250 thousand cycles up to the first million cycles.
Another way of scrutinising changes in the vibration data is by performing direct comparisons between the FRFs at different damage levels.
Online since: May 2010
Authors: Rodney Boyer, Mamidala Ramulu, Paul Edwards, Marc Petersen
Since then, Sanders et al [3] and Zhang et al [4] have also presented data on weld microstructures, microhardness and tensile properties.
The load data was monitored by a load cell built into the load frame.
The axial strain data was monitored by a clip on extensometer, which was removed at the onset of yielding to prevent damage.
This data shows that there is a slight hardness increase from the as welded condition to the 760 and 815 C heat treated welds.
For each da/dN curve, the Paris law (Eqn. 1) constants, C and m, were calculated by performing a curve fit of the data in the linear region of the crack growth curves.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Ameen H. El-Sinawi, Omar A. Awad, Abdulaziz H. El-Sinawi
El-Sinawi3,c 1,2American University of Sharjah, 26666, UAE-Sharjah 3King Faisal University, 31982, Saudi Arabia-Ahssa aaelsinawi@aus.edu, bb00028381@aus.edu, caelsinawi@kfu.edu.sa Keywords: FEA, Modes of vibration, RF-MEMS impact force, Modal reduction, RF-MEMS switch, Squeeze film Abstract.
RF-MEMS switch data Geometry of the RF-MEMS switch under consideration is identical to the one reported in [1] and all analysis is done in reference to it.
The reduction is based on Hankel norm values where modes with the highest norms are retained and the remaining modes are truncated.
Table 2: Calculated Model Parameters Permittivity of Air () Net area of the membrane () Experimental switch voltage () V=35 [V], Pull-in Voltage= 29 [V] 0.5 0.71 9 [N/m] 2256 [N/m] 14.86 [kHz] Simulation Results For the switch under consideration, our model predicted that the pull-in voltage values is 29 Volts , this is in excellent agreement with the experimental data reported for the same switch.
Simulation is carried out at 35 V, and the results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data published in [1].
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