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The results show that production and erection are already very efficient with regard to waste generation and prevention potentials mainly exist in further offcut reduction and optimization in packaging.
However, important measures for waste reduction are related to the easy exchangeability of building components as well as their reusability.
As a basis for LCAs of prefabricated wood components for buildings, Achenbach and Rüter [2] provide extensive data.
Over the initial use period of 50 years, this results in a reduction of waste generation by one third.
Price, Architects’ perspectives on construction waste reduction by design, Waste Management. 28(7) (2008) 1147-1158 [6] C.

Data on the effects of alloys with alkaline-earth elements on the properties of metals are given, as well as technological features of the use of complex alloys with alkaline-earth metals in steelmaking.
- to increase the corrosion resistance of pipe steel by 20%; - to increase the relative reduction in the thickness direction of the sheet of high-strength steel body by 10%.
The work shows data showing that the greatest degree of assimilation of active elements is achieved when introducing a modifier into the crystallizer of a continuous casting machine during casting (Tables 1, 2).
Assimilation of elements, % Ca Ce Ca Ce In the tundish - under the jet 1.3-1.4 0.6-0.7 1-2 4-5 9-18 26-33 In the tundish - under the stopper 1.3-1.4 0.6-0.7 2-3 6-7 18-27 40-47 In the crystallizer 0.33 0.1-0.2 1-1.5 2-3 28-32 50-75 The data were obtained during the casting of steel 10G2FB for slabs of 0.25x1.65 and 0.30x1.85m.
The economic effect was obtained through the reduction of rejects, the improvement of the quality of the metal, the abandonment of the costly operation of evacuation (about $ 25 per ton).

The experimental data on the influence of grain size on solid-state weldability in the range of SP have been obtained.
According to the literature data the upper limit of ultimate strain at superplastic forming does not exceed 300% [6] in most cases.
When analyzing the obtained data, one can certify that the processed NS Alloy 718 sheets exhibit sufficient formability for processing various complex shaped hollow parts by SPF.
The data of heat treatment for the NS alloy correspond to the Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) requirements.
d: elongation to failure; y: reduction of area.

They are therefore really complex and need a lot of physical data.
Recently, for very small reductions (temper rolling), Krimpelstätter [13] suggested the importance of a hitherto neglected term in the roll elastic deformation, namely the tangential displacement.
This isothermal model should be precise and robust for a wide range of reduction, strip thickness, rolling speeds, lubricant viscosity etc.
They measured friction in the cold rolling process of aluminium strip at different reductions and oil temperatures.
The authors showed that µ depends firstly on film thickness / combined roughness ratio (H), and on strip thickness reduction.

The elastic properties were evaluated to provide data for finite element modelling (FEM). 2.
Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Poisson’s ratio (ʋ) were calculated from the experimental data.
An INSTRON 5585H floor model testing machine with a 200kN load cell was used for the tensile tests and a Vishay System 6000 (Model 6100) Data Logger was used to record the data from the micro-strain gauges.
Volume reduction of void spaces is due to the buckling of parenchyma cells whereas fibre bundles come closer as seen in Figure 8.
A well-known benefit from THM modification is the reduction of the water uptake in timber [12].

Data analysis result shows that the number of process can be reduce to 5 from 7.
Observation and collecting data is needed.
The complete field data collection will be taken before it will be used for data analysis.
Then the result from the data testing will be determined whether the result can be used or not and if there are any incomplete data, again the data collection will be executed until it fulfills the objective requirement.
Data Analysis: After all data was collected, analyse the data thoroughly for each work process based on systematic observation and the process chart, which recorded all the relevant facts about the work process.

Dust Reduction Measures Before the proposal of dust reduction measures it is necessary to assess, whether the dust generation is not due merely to the lack of technological discipline.
In the framework of construction preparation the entity preparing the design of blasting operations must be provided with sufficient data, comprising primarily the size (dimensions) of demolished buildings, description of building materials, technical state of buildings intended for demolition, their connection to utilities and circumstances connected with environs.
Perfect knowledge on these input data co-determines the methods used as well as their success.
However, the ensuing reduction of dust generation is not substantial; · covering of buildings/structures requiring protection.
Although this method brings about good results (some sources claim a 50 % reduction of dust generation), it has its disadvantages, too.

Mostly these influencing parameters result in a further reduction of the compressive strength compared to the strength loss already induced by the temperature.
It is noted that those values are smaller than the strengths found for test samples xxx°C,A,0d, which are from the available test data the ones with the most representative test condition for hot strength.
When for theses conditions the superposition is applied based on the values from Table 4, the derived strength losses are too large compared to the experimental data.
· The studied high performance concrete mix suffers from almost no strength loss when exposed to 350°C and about 35% additional reduction in case of water cooling.
When heating to 550°C, respectively 40% and 30% of reductions are found

Haniff, using shape data to inspect defects on a glue process [8].
Din [9], in his research on data quality for offshore pipeline assessment, discussed noise and data lost during acquisition and transfer.
By understanding ‘what data to be extracted’, proper tools are used.
After the data extraction process is done, the image data is processed to obtain the value for the corrosion analysis.
The challenges are uncontrolled inspection environment, quality of the image and validation of proposed inspection data with the present inspection data.

Table 2 shows the electric energy waste reduction achieved by students after having been trained by Procel, highlighting the participation of 10 Brazilian Universities/Institutes.
These data envisage the energy saved and the role of education both in domestic and formal basis.
Load Factor 11,271,382 0,6 TToottaall 993399,,663355,,880033 22..885533 What one can notice, starting from the presented data, is that there is efficiency in the programs developed by the Brazilian Government; once their proposals, above all, warn the society about the value and economical feasibility of the actions taken to combat energy wasting and to enhance the energetic efficiency of equipments, processes and end use of the energy.
In that sense, the following results are highlighted: in April, 2008, the Aneel (Brazilian Electric Energy National Agency) approved 279 programs presented by 61 distribution companies, involving investments up to R$ 261 million, which allowed the yearly reduction of 369 GWh. hence, the total consumption reduction achieved with those programs since 1998 was 5,597 GWh per year.
The EE can promote the transformation of behavior and attitudes addressed to consume reduction and the environmental impacts of our civilization.