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The near crack tip stress, crack tip opening displacement and crack tip plastic zone size were obtained for a kinematic hardening material.
Silva [2-4] found that for several materials the compressive part of the fatigue load cycle plays a significant role on fatigue crack propagation and the concept of fatigue crack closure is not adequate to properly describe fatigue crack growth rate at R<0.
This indicates that the material immediately in front of the crack tip has yielded in compressive.
The increase of the reverse plastic zone size indicates that the compressive stress continues to damage the material .
Du International Journal of Fatigue Vol.27(2005), p.1314 [14] J.

Numerical Analysis on Heat Transfer Coefficient of Large Die Steel Quenching Bian Xinxiao1, a, Zhang Chao2,b , Qian Linzhu 1,2School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China abian@me.ustb.edu.cn, b0820lvttting@sina.com Keywords: Quenching, Die Steel, Heat Transfer Coefficient Abstract.
It depends on many factors, such as material, size, surface conditions of a part, and so on.
Comparison of surface heat-transfer coefficients between warious diameter cylinders during rapid cooling [J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 138:398-403 [3] Price R F and Fletcher A J.

China. 2 College of Life Science and Engineering of Qiqihar University，Qiqihar 161006，Heilongjiang, P.
At present, monomer silane or siloxane is usually used as raw material for the synthesis and modification of polysiloxane.6–8 Meanwhile, the structure of long alkyl group, which contains eighteen or more than eighteen carbons, is similar to that of body fat.
In practical application, co-polymer has excellent reactivity and adhesiveness, which would have good compatibility with other finishing materials (polyurethane, polyacrylate, etc.) used in leather-making process and could endow leather with good softness, pleasant handle, and preferable elasticity.10 The structure of co-polymer was determined by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra.
Experimental Materials and instrument Vinyl-ended siloxane was of industrial grade and supplied by De bang Chemical Company, Hubei, China; SA (C.P., > 99%) was purchased from Beijing Dong fang Chemical Company, Beijing, China; methylmethacrylate, crylic acid, AIBN, and other conventional chemicals, which were purchased from Bo di Chemical Company, Tianjin, China, were of reagent grade and used without further purification.
Journal of Polymer Research, 2005,12(6):433-438

Influence of Molecular Structure on Properties of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers Ming Liu 1, a, JiaHeng Lei2,b, XiaoDi Du2,c, and Bo Huang3,d 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 2Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 3China State Construction Engrg.
In PC-2 and PC-3 system, monomer residue determination result also indicated that the corresponding system of raw material polymerization reaction 98% or more involved in the polymerization reaction.
Materials and Structures (1998) [4] Ridi F, Dei L, Fratini E, et al.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2003) [5] Yamada K, Ogawa S, Hanehara S.

However, gecko’s foot hair is a biological material which displays viscoelasticity.
Thus, it is more realistic to simulate gecko’s foot hair as viscoelastic material.
Gao: Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids Vol. 54, No. 6 (2006), p. 1120 [4] Yao: Mechanics of Robust and Releasable Adhesion in Biology, PhD thesis (Max-Planck-Institute, 2006)
Gao et al.: Mechanics of Materials Vol. 37, No. 2 (2006), p. 275 [6] G.
Spolenak et al., in: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series a-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 461, No. 2054 (2005), p. 305 [8] K.

In the finite element analysis, we suppose the steel is isotropic materials.
In the material nonlinear analysis, we use the Von Mises - servo reinforcement criterion, in which the elastic-plastic and stress-strain curve of steel to be supposed the perfect elasto-plastic and described as double line model, we select the constitutive relation model in reference in this paper [5].
The characteristic of the model is parabolic in the rising period which reflects the concrete not ideal elastic-plastic material, and diagonal in the decline period.
Liu, The study on the mechanical properties of cross steel reinforced concrete column, Journal of Shenyang Architectural University, 1 (2010) 7-10
Jia, Structure Technology of Seel Reinforced Concrete Filled Steel Tube, Science Press, Beijing, (2009) 49-50

On the other hand the use of processing three-dimensional model of the surface texture alternativa.engine3d.materials.SurfaceMaterial class of each component color fill, or after setting the texture coordinates; define alternativa.types.Texture classes on the various components mosaic texture material pictures.
Using object-oriented thinking, the system will integrate schedule information, quality information, material information and other information to established dimensional model to form 4D model of the tunnel, to process dynamic simulation of tunnel construction.
In the 3D state, construction design schedule and quality acceptance criteria of separated parts of a project as the two axes, query and export inspection items and engineering information and quality standards information and raw information and material testing information etc of separated parts of a project.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Hunan Provincial Education Department Science Foundation (12C0460).
(In Chinese) [2] Jianping Zhang, Hongjun Wang. : submitted to china civil engineering journal (2003).

Introduction Ga-doped ZnO has been widely used in the field of transparent conducting layer (TCL) of solar cell, piezoelectric materials, surface acoustic wave devices, gas sensors since it has excellent optoelectronic properties [1,2].Among most oxide conducting films, ZnO has attracted attention of many researchers and been investigated as an alternative to Indium tin oxide (ITO) because its rich resources, non-toxic, low resistance, high transmittance and simple preparation method [3].
The sputtered films have a composition close to that of the source material and typically have a better adhesion on the substrate than evaporated films [4].
Journal of Materials Science &Engineering, 2007, 25, (4):598-601

Calculation theory and method 2.1 Constitutive model of concrete Concrete material model in ADINA is used in this paper, and it extends the uniaxial stress -strain relation to the complex stress state [3].
Concrete material model can illustrate the different states of tension and compression of dam concrete in earthquake as well as crack and crush failure. 2.2 Constraint-function contact algorithm The interaction between the upper free body and the lower part of the dam under seismic loads belongs to the dynamic contact problems.
The whole finite element model is divided into 3370 elements, with 3548 nodes, which is shown in figure 2. 3.2 Selection of calculation parameters (1) Material parameters of calculation model The material parameters of the dam are: the density of concrete is 2400 kg/m3, elasticity modulus is 25.5 GPa and Poisson’s ratio is 0.167.
Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2011, 31(4)：8-12.
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2009,28(5):134-139.

Test materials and gradation The coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and slag used in this experiment all meet the technical requirements.
Material Composition and Strength Formation Mechanism of the SMA [J].
The World of Building Materials,2009(03)
Journal of Zhuzhou Institute of Technology, 2006(02)
Shanxi Science & Technology of Communications, 2002 (06).