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They find wide applications in automobile and aerospace because of their excellent combination of physical, mechanical and tribological properties.
At the same time the other mechanical factors such as strength, stiffness, hardness also to be increased or enhanced than the base metal.
The physical properties of fly ash mainly depend on the type of coal burned and the burning conditions.
Mechanical Properties Analysis 4.1Micro-hardness test results of Al-MMC The Micro-hardness testing of the Al-MMC’s was done by Vickers Hardness tester with diamond indenter.
Preparation of Al-MMC specimens for mechanical and micro structure and mechanical properties determination was successfully done for 5% of Coal fly ash and Microsphere. 2.

And the thermal fatigue resistance of inner liner is one of important factors affecting its working life.
The increase of injury factors of No.3 and No.4 was fast.
Table 2 Injury factors of thermal fatigue cracks Circle Times 100 200 300 No.1 71.62 1266.14 5539.62 No.2 43.47 2851.15 8771.98 No.3 2406.35 12705.88 15801.68 No.4 640.78 11953.70 56003.45 Fig.4 Relationship curves between the thermal fatigue and its cycle times Morphology of Cracks in the Surface.
Considerable researches reveal that strength and plasticity are main factors for the thermal fatigue resistance [6].
Moreover, in actual working condition, materials work under certain external load, deeper cracks damage the properties of materials easily and the fracture of workpiece happens easily; thick and shallow cracks have smaller effect on mechanical properties.

In this section, the models of surface generation are presented. 2.1 Modelling Surface Generation The modelling can be studied and investigated the surface generation in relation with the effects of machining process variables, tooling characteristics, and material properties which are directly affecting to surface quality.
As Cheng [5] has proposed, the inputs factors to the modelling approach are categorized in 4 aspects of sources which mainly include machine tools, cutting tools, operation conditions, and material properties, each source has 2 types namely linear inputs and nonlinear inputs.
All affected factors and the concept to create surface generation can be expressed as the flow chart in figure 2.
Figure 2: Linear and nonlinear input factors and modelling approach on the surface generation Although Cheung’s model was proposed the final mathematical model to generate the surfaces generation, it is quite a simple model by not concerning about the effects of factors affecting to the surface finish.
While Zhou taken into accounts the affected factors, but the processes of surface generation are quite complex and have taken many steps.

Test Results and Discussion Effect of CaCO3 Whisker Content on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar.
The mechanical properties of mortar are shown in Table 3.
Effect of Fiber Content on the Mechanical Properties of Whisker-fiber-cement Mortar.
The effect of fiber content on the mechanical properties of whisker-cement mortar was studied.
Effect of Fiber Length on the Mechanical Properties of Whisker-fiber-cement Mortar.

To study the influence of grain boundary segregation processes during CA and subsequent strain aging, extensive experimental research was done, and this work was compared with dynamic analysis to determine the influence of several factors including grain size, segregation temperature and cooling rate.
Because of the temperature (＜400 oC ) of final cooling process was very low, there was not enough kinetic condition for free carbon atoms to precipitate carbides, the main physical process affecting bake hardening property was grain boundary segregation of carbon atoms.
But a great number of carbon atoms segregating to grain boundaries have a big affect on bake hardening property because final cooling was at low temperature (20-400 oC).
In the production process, there are so many influence factors affecting grain sizes, just like chemical composition, finishing temperature, cold rolling reduction ratio, annealing temperature and so on[8].
Microstructure and Properties of Ti and Ti+Nb Ultra-Low-Carbon Bake Hardened Steels.

Metallurgical factors of γ gamma phase microstructure development strongly depend on welding configuration, and heat input is not as important as welding configuration.
The theoretical methodology is reproducible as consequence of availability of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Nickel-based or Iron-based single-crystal superalloys.
Mechanical and metallurgical properties are renewed by widespread application of laser welding repair technology to easily diminish serious weld defects and rejuvenate damage parts because of excellent reparability.
These are additional contributing factors to degradation-resistant microstructure melioration.
Interface strength and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 processed sequentially by casting, milling and direct metal deposition.

In machining operations, the behavior of the material is influenced by factors such as the type of tool used (material and geometry) that evolve over time due to technological advances.
Diameters for delamination factor (DF) calculation Statistical Methods.
Thus, the behavior of these two composites is very similar in the delamination factor analysis.
- PEEK-GF30 and PA66-GF30 have a similar behavior regarding delamination factor, being the type of fiber a critical factor.
Alarifi, A Review on Factors Affecting Machinability and Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites, J.

By adopting the similar model test and embedding the strain brick at each interfaces of inner bond section, the interface mechanical properties under step loading were systematically studied.
The shear stress distribution pattern of all interfaces within the inner bond section and the shear stress evolution regularity under external loading are two key factors that influence the structure design of geotechnical prestressed anchorage structures.
In addition, the actual monitoring data demonstrate that the prestressed force is not stable after the tension, which is in the constantly change state because of the influence of some factors such as rock creep, rod body slack, reinforcement construction and others.
Especially during the long-term operation period of prestressed anchor structure, there will present the cyclic loading mode because of the influence of temperature, rainfall and other factors.
Magnifying the size of grouting body with no change of other parameters in the model would not affect the shear stress distribution of anchor segments.

Such stresses can cause plastic deformation and cracking near interface and affect the mechanical integrity of the bonded materials.
However studies on the evaluation of the residual stresses and the cracking affecting fracture strength near interface are rare in literature due to the analytical complexity involved [4-5].
The bonding times used were changed in the range proposed for glass-to-metal diffusion bonds to obtain the optimum mechanical properties.
The physical properties used in the simulation were shown in Table 2 which listed all the required properties about the borosilicate glass and Kovar.
The temperature depending on material properties as well as the convection and radiation as boundary conditions were considered in this thesis.

Cold rotary forging is an advanced but very complex incremental metal forming technology with multi-factors coupling interactive effects.
Although these researches have provided an important basis for understanding the cold rotary forging process, many problems are still not clear because cold rotary forging is a much complex metal forming process with multi-factors coupling interactive effects.
The workpiece material used in the model is AISI1020 and its mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
It should be also pointed that the significant oscillation of force and power parameters will cause the variation of elastic deformation of cold rotary forging press, thus affecting the precision of cold rotary forged parts.
The results of this research show the following: (1) With increasing the distance L between the pivot point of the upper die and the centre point of the workpiece, the contact area between the upper die and workpiece becomes more uneven and the oscillation of force and power parameters becomes more significant, which will cause the more significant variation of elastic deformation of cold rotary forging press, thus affecting the precision of cold rotary forged parts