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In 1994, Ganchang Wu[5] did some theoretical analysis based on a vast amount of observed data, and brought up a exponential decay function on the relationship of temperature variability and pavement depth when temperature change occurred at the surface.
According to the actual temperature data during the whole year of 2012 in test road located at Mu Dan Jiang, it was showed that the lowest temperature is -16.98oC on December 11th when the highest temperature is -4.76oC.
After analyzing temperature variation at various depth and various wind speed, it is found that temperature at different depth decreases following the reduction of surface temperature and with a nearly same reduction range, which behaves that the surface temperature gradient Tg is roughly the same.
There is a reduction of 66.7%, 48.1% for the temperature of surface bottom and base bottom respectively after the coefficient increases from 1.061 to 2.661.
Fig. 11 Mise stress nephogram of dowel bar Fig. 12 Maximum principal tensile stress nephogram From table 2, cement concrete panel horizontal cracking displacement increases nearly 43% when the surface thickness increases from 20cm to 28cm; warping effect is appeared at the cracking with the displacement enhancing 6.4times on account of the impact of temperature stress; contact pressure between dowel bar and concrete increases gradually before saltation occurs, this is because the contact pressure is too large so that a reduction of stress concentration appears after the concrete experiencing local damage; concrete panel warps due to temperature stress, leading to concrete pavement void with the displacement increasing 78%, of which the impact is significant.

The inform forwarded by the State Council form the Development and Reform Commission and other departments On August 2, 2007, requires to carry out energy-efficient scheduling, and to achieve energy saving, emission reduction, and the reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions.
Emission objective function With the increasing load demand, fuel consumption is gradually rising, and leads to high SOX and NOX emissions .while the emission reduction is one of the main objectives of the dispatch, the minimization of emissions is necessary to be a separate objective function which can be modeled as: 2 1 1 ( ) ( ) exp( ) N N T i i i i i i i i i i i i E E P P P f p α β γ ε = = = = + + + ∑ ∑ (9) Whereαi ,βi,γi ,εi and if are the emission coefficients of the generator i.
A large number of emission data should be collected through the surveillance and detection of various types of units.
To simplify the data processing, the emission control cost factor ($ / ton) g is used to make up the function and can be got as follows: 1) Calculate gi max max ( ) ( ) i i i i i F P g E P = (10) Where Fi (Pi max) is the cost of generator i at its maximum output; Ei (Pi max) is the NOX emission of generator i at its maximum output. 2) Arrange gi in ascending order 3) Add maximunm capacity of each unit at a time,starting from the smallest unit, until the load demand is satisfyed.
The typical energy-efficient scheduling focuses on the reduction of energy consumption.

Apart from extended defects and surface/interface recombination, deep levels in the epitaxial material also lead to involuntary lifetime reduction.
Controlled reduction by irradiation [1] has been demonstrated, as well as improvement by long oxidations [2,3] and high-temperature anneals after implantation with carbon 12C [4].
Data points in the graphs represent the mean of 49 (for implanted or oxidized) and 9 (as-grown) measurements taken in a ~1.5x2 mm2 area, along with their standard deviations.
Lines are a fit to the data points by a power law of the form y = AxB (O1150: B = 0.888.
Kimoto, Reduction of Deep Levels and Improvement of Carrier Lifetime in n-Type 4H-SiC by Thermal Oxidation, Appl.

The reason for the application of this solution is the reduction of the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.
The modification of the materials and geometry ensured a reduction of noise in the starting phase and an increased power output, which reduces time needed for the engine start.
It is possible to add data sent directly from the vehicle diagnostic system to the central unit of the analyzer and use the GPS signal.
Based on the data recorded from the OBD system of the vehicles the operating time share characteristics of the vehicle engines were made depending on the engine speed and torque (Fig. 5).
For vehicle B a reduction drop has been recorded of: · the emission of CO2 by 10%, · the emission of NOx by 7%, · the emission of CO by 8%, · the emission of THC by 15%, · gas mileage by 11%.

Reduction of mass is the single biggest advantage of this treatment, as this does not require storage facility, where as large storage facility is required for removal of radioactivity by zeorite and other chemical treatments1, 2).
After 3 days, radioactivity in the first batch decreased from 14.35 μSv/h to 2.60 μSv/h (apparently 81.9% reduction).
By changing new fresh SSI beads after 9 days, a slight reduction in radioactivity was observed in the suspended solid.
These data, however, were obtained in practical treatments conducted in outdoor.
After removal of radioactivity by SSI strain, vegetables cultivated show quite a low level of radioactivity compared with non treated soil or zeolite treated soil despite presence of radioactivity in the soil (30-40% level)(data are under publication).

This is due to the increase in crystal size, leading to a reduction in lattice parameters.
For the data obtained by the method adsorption of nitrogen/helium, one can observe that the samples obtained by combustion reaction using urea as fuel showed high surface area, 75, 77 and 38 m2/g for samples 450U, 600U and 900U, respectively.
There is a reduction of 50.6% of these values with increasing power.
These data are in agreement with results of X-ray diffraction.
There is a 28% increase compared the sample 450G with 630G, and then a reduction of 37%.

This calculation was compared to the measured data and, statistically speaking, the maximum deviation was of 10%.
Chart showing lineally decreasing savings according to the outdoor temperature For evaluation of the yearly savings were used climatic data, from which was chosen 50-year average within an average heating season.
Each heating season is in the climatic data defined by number of months of heating, number of days in the heating month and average outside temperatures for the individual months of the heating season.
Chart of savings appreciation rate From this data we can read that the savings achieved for the monitored room reached 38 % during the heating season in comparison with the continuous heating mode.
(Original language – Czech, English translation: Temperature course during room (building) cool down with the use of interrupted heating) Strojnický obzor, vol. 1944, No. 4 [4] Arcadis project managment, s.r.o., Klimatologické údaje (Original language – Czech, English translation: Climatological data), 2012 [5] H.

Data from some plants have shown that the reduced sulfur species are identified in the cracks and deposits [1].
In deaerated acidic environments, the reduction of sulfates [3] and thiosulfates [4] is quite easy and can lead to the degradation of the SG tubing.
Our data was consistent with other researches [8,9] which observed oxide films in the presence of H2S.
However, our research revealed that the reduction of the sulfates occurred without any reducing agents.
Reduction of the sulfates and thiosulfates was identified by the analyses of the alloy surface and by the deposits with SEM/EDS and XRD, respectively.

As far as the previous systematic study [2] showed that platinum, palladium, and rhodium have marked activity and can be utilized to elucidate the reduction characteristics of NH3 conversion in a wet oxidation system.
The areas associated with the signals were electronically measured using a data integrator (CR-6A, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).
Data were collected when the SCO reaction was in a steady state, typically after 20 min at each temperature.
The CV procedure was used for the redox profiles during the oxidation and reduction reaction study of the catalysts.
Moreover, the CV plots indicated that the fresh catalyst exhibited more reversible redox ability than the aged catalyst because they yielded reduction peaks at -0.1 and 0.5 V, respectively.

Chinese government made a commitment to achieving a 40-45% reduction in carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 2020 compared with 2005.
And the goals of the 12th Five-Year industrial emission plan is to achieve a more than 18% reduction in carbon emissions by 2015 compared with 2010, and the overall goal is to achieve a 40-45% reduction in carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 2020.
Data are all from the Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2011, Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook 2011 and Zhejiang Statistical Yearbook 2011.
Tab.1 Index system of low-carbon city development level Driving forces social economic development per capita GDP per capita disposable income of the urban households urban construction scale natural population growth rate population density Pressure resource consumption intensity annual per capita electricity consumption State emissions levels industrial sulfur dioxide emissions industrial /energy structure urban gasification rate proportion of third industry Impact ecological and environment quality annual volume of sewage treatment number of days that air quality level is better than or equal to 2 each year Response dematerialization energy consumption elasticity coefficient industrial solid waste comprehensive utilization infrastructure construction percentage of urban greenery coverage Evaluation of Low-Carbon Economic Development Level Factor analysis [6] is a data reduction technique.