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Generally, III-V multi-junction solar cell material is relatively expensive, and the element of arsenic is extremely toxic.
The main source of series resistance contains: the bulk resistance of a semiconductor material for manufacturing a solar cell; interconnect resistance between the electrode and the metal as well as the resistance between the electrode and the semiconductor.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61275040, 60976046, 61021003), the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No.2012CB934200).
Glunz,“A review and comparison of different methods to determine the Rs of solar cells,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2007, 91(18): 1698
“Optimization of the emitter region and the metal finger of a concentrator silicon solar cell,” Journal of Semiconductors,2013, Vol. 34, No. 5

Study of Energy-Saving Dyeing Process for Poly(lactic acid) Fabric Benjawan Siriphet1,a, Jantip Setthayanond1,3,b, Potjanart Suwanruji2,3,c and Porntip Sae-bae1,d 1Textile Technology and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand 3Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand asiri_benjawan@yahoo.co.th, bJantip.s@ku.ac.th, cfscipjs@ku.ac.th, dfagipts@ku.ac.th Keywords: Disperse dye, poly(lactic acid), dyeing, dispersing agent, sodium lauryl sulfate Abstract.
Experimental Materials The 40 Ne interlock-knitted PLA fabric supplied by Far East knitting & Spinning Co., Ltd, Thailand was scoured before use with a solution containing 1 g/l Na2CO3 and 1 g/l Ecophor SN-45 (anionic wetting agent) at a liquor ratio of 10:1 at 60oC for 15 minutes.
Hirai: Textile Research Journal Vol. 72(1) (2002), p. 77
Suwanruji: Advanced Materials Research Vol. 610-613(2013), p. 534-537

They can happen due to improper deposition of materials and tools, lack of safety net or broken safety net, not wearing helmet.
Oxidation and condensation of oxygen produced from overheated metal or nonmetal substance take shape of welding fume, whose ingredient lie on welding materials, base metal and difficulty of evaporation.
VIII Professional Committee, Welding Committee of China Machinery Engineering Association, Welding Healthy and Safety[M], Machinery Industry Press. 11. 1987 [4] Cao Haibin, Analysis on Accident Characteristics and Reasons of Ship Repairing and Building[J], Journal of Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College. 2005，26（3）：33~35 [5] Wang Changjin, Analysis of Reasons and Prevention Measures on Accidents in Shipyard[J].Science and Technology State in the Harbor, 2006（11）：38~40 [6] Shen Xiaoqin, Meng Jilong, Song Yonglun, Research on Hazardous Substance of Welding Process and its Development [J].Welding，2005（7）：5~8 [7] Sang Liqun, Research Development on Welding Pollution and Prevention Measures[J].Resource Environment Protection, 2008，22（1）：18~20 [8] Zhang Yanjun, Analysis on Treatment Measures on Welding Fume[J].
Environmental Science and Technology, 2007，32（4）：105~107

Study of Eleiodoxa conferta (Kelubi) Fruit as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) for Energy Conversion Efficiency Hidayani JAAFAR1,a, Siti Nazihah SAFRI2,b 1Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 2Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan ahidayani@umk.edu.my, bnazihahsafri@gmail.com Keywords: Solar cells, E. conferta, Natural dyes, Photovoltaic Abstract.
The DSSCs photocells are particularly attractive due to the low cost of the solar energy conversion into electricity; this is possible mainly due to the use of inexpensive materials and the relative ease of the fabrication processes.
Materials and Method Preparation of TiO2 Electrode.
Advances in Natural Science: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2 (2011) 023002
International Journal of Renewable Energy Research 3(1) (2013) 138-143

In cementitious systems, the use of latex polymers can greatly enhance the mechanical properties of the building material.
There, addition of latex polymers can improve the properties during the application phase as well as in the hardened material.
C., An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 86 (2000) 195-267
[7] Pascal, S., Alliche, A., Pilvin, P., Mechanical behaviour of polymer modified mortars, Materials Science and Engineering A. 380 (2004) 1-8
Preparation and properties, The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 84 (1980) 1615-1620

Effect of Thermocycling on the Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Goatskin Collagen Matrices Xuejing Zhenga, Jie Liub, Kun Wangc, Keyong Tang*d College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.
On the other hand, many of the industrial application of collagen-based materials involve dried collagen or dehydrothermally treated collagen.
Experimental 2.1 Materials Pickled goatskins were supplied by Heitian Mingliang Leather Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, China.
Raúl: Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modeling Vol. 21 (2002) , p. 209
Shi: Heat Analytical Kinetics (Science Publishing, Beijing, China 2001).

Compare common fire helmet product in domestic and abroad, helmet shell differ from each other mainly in the form, materials and colors, etc.
When it comes to the material selection, theoretical analysis, materials testing, sample testing and other steps should be taken successively to determine the material of various parts of helmet.
As the application of different materials, the new type fire helmet shown in Figure 2 performs better in impact absorption and flame resistance.
The main part of helmet’s weight is the shell, so improve the helmet materials structure and technology can reduce weight and increase comfort.
The important factor to influence the motion following stability is structural characteristics of suspension parts, especially mechanics of materials such as rigidity, damping, securing forces and so on.

Material and experimental methods The material of this article is 10CrMo910 steel from main steam pipes of a certain thermal power plant, the specification of which is φ273mm×28mm, and the specimen employed have been in motion for 147000h, whose temperature and pressure are respectively 540℃ and 9.8MPa.
New low alloy heat resistant ferritic steels T/P23 and T/P24 for power plant application, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING, 84(2007) 13-20
Experimental high heat load surface damage of graphite and refractory materials, Fusion Engineering.14th IEEE/NPSS Symposium.
Microstructural evolution of 2.25Cr-1.6W-V-Nb heat resistant steel during creep, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 19(2003) 126-128
Experimental high heat load surface damage of graphite and refractory materials, Fusion Engineering.14th IEEE/NPSS Symposium.

Thermal-Activation & Activity Analysis of Neimenggu High Alumina Coal Gangue Haili Cheng1, a Feihua Yang2,b Jie Zhang1,c Yi Wang1,d 1 Department of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144 China 2 State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing 100041 China atkggig@sina.com bchyangfeihua@126.com czhangjie20043044@163.com dsevcents@gmail.com Keywords: high alumina coal gangue, thermal-activation, spectral analysis, PAI Abstract.
Main Raw Materials Cement The 42.5 P·O cement produced by LiuLiHe Cement Plant in Beijing was used in all the mixtures, its initial set time is 175min, final set time is 290min, flexural strength are 6.1 Mpa(at 3d age) and 9.3 Mpa(at 28d age), compressive strength are 32.3 Mpa(at 3d age) and 50.2 Mpa(at 28d age).
26.0 34.5 47.5 51.8 A30 70 30 4.5 5.9 7.1 7.9 21.6 30.6 41.8 43.1 A40 60 40 4.1 5.2 5.7 7.0 18.1 25.7 36.6 39.5 A50 50 50 3.1 4.2 5.3 6.2 13.1 19.7 28.5 30.6 B20 600℃ 80 20 5.8 7.9 9.1 9.4 28.9 44.7 58.2 60.5 B30 70 30 5.3 7.5 9.0 9.2 27.2 42.5 57.5 58.6 B40 60 40 4.8 5.9 8.0 8.5 20.9 36.9 52.4 53.6 B50 50 50 3.9 5.7 7.6 8.4 19.8 35.5 43.1 50.3 C20 700℃ 80 20 6.0 8.3 9.3 9.9 29.4 45.8 61.3 63.4 C30 70 30 5.5 8.0 9.1 9.5 28.0 43.4 58.9 60.0 C40 60 40 5.0 7.3 8.6 9.3 21.7 38.4 54.9 57.0 C50 50 50 4.4 6.6 8.4 9.1 20.9 37.4 45.4 51.7 D20 800℃ 80 20 6.4 8.8 9.9 10.1 31.0 50.1 64.1 65.3 D30 70 30 5.8 8.5 9.3 9.9 29.7 48.9 63.5 64.4 D40 60 40 5.3 7.2 9.0 9.2 25.0 40.2 58.3 60.6 D50 50 50 4.7 6.9 8.6 9.0 22.6 39.5 46.6 54.0 E20 1000℃ 80 20 5.7 8.5 9.4 9.6 25.8 44.5 57.2 60.9 E30 70 30 5.0 8.2 9.2 9.4 22.6 42.7 55.6 58.5 E40 60 40 4.5 7.1 8.7 9.0 19.8 38.7 51.8 56.8 E50 50 50 4.0 6.5 8.0 8.3 18.7 34.9 48.3 50.6 Strength and Activity Analysis of Thermal-Activated Coal Gangue The cementitious materials
[5] Wei Guo, Dongxu Li, Jianhua Chen, Nanru Yang, Journal of Materials Science & Engineering (in Chinese)2008 Vol. 26(2):p.204-207 [6] Shuxia Feng，Peiming Wang and Xianping Liu.
Journal of the Chinese ceramic society, (in Chinese) 2010 Vol. 38(9):p.1682-1687

Mawby, "Electrical activation of nitrogen heavily implanted 3C-SiC(100)," Applied Surface Science, 353 (2015) 958-963
Device and Materials Reliability, 10 (2010) 418-426
Device and Materials Reliability, 8 (2008) 635-641
Yamakawa, "Mechanism of depletion-mode TDDB for 4H-SiC MOS structure," IEEE Trans. on Device and Materials Reliability, 17 (2017) 163-169
Snow, "Fowler‐Nordheim tunneling into thermally grown SiO2," Journal of Applied Physics, 40 (1969) 278-283