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Nondestructive Evaluation of Polyurethane Materials Using Transient Thermography Mihaela Amarandei1,a, Karla Berdich 1,b , Izabella Szigyarto2,c , Lorand Kun1,d and Liviu Marşavina1,e 1“Politehnica” University of Timişoara, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Mechanics and Strength of Materials Department, Bd.
Also, it was shown that the transient thermography method presented can be an important tool in evaluating structural defects of materials.
Thermography is one of these nondestructive testing techniques and is widely used for detection of defects impact damages, fatigue degradation of different materials [3] [4], as a fast inspection method and for the characterization of many engineering materials [2] [5].
For the evaluation of materials using thermography there are two aproaches one can use: passive [6] and active [7].
Rojek, et al.: Thermographic Diagnosis of Fatigue Degradation of Epoxy-Glass Composites, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 24(2) (2007), pp.123-126

Table 1 summarizes the material property of steel plate.
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Materials and Methods.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 290(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/290/1/012081
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 121(2), 855–861. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.33675
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 21, 3970–3981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.024
In Journal of Materials Research and Technology (Vol. 15, pp. 4860–4879).

Materials and Methods 2.1. 
All solvents and materials used were analytical grades, and no additional purification was required.
Schubert, Sol–gel synthesis of ZnTiO3 using a single-source precursor based on p-carboxybenzaldehyde oxime as a linker, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22 (2012) 24034-24041
Liz-Marzán, Oleylamine in Nanoparticle Synthesis, Chemistry of Materials, 25 (2013)
Mokari, Synthesis of metal sulfide nanomaterials via thermal decomposition of single-source precursors, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20 (2010) 6612-6617

[9] Y B Guo, C R Liu, FEM Analysis of Mechanical state on Sequentially Machined Surfaces, Machine Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2002, 6(1), 21-41
[10] X P Zhang, C R Liu, Z Q Yao, Investigational Advances in Residual stress by Hard Turning, Material Science Forum, 2004, 471-472, 523-527
[11] K Akita, H Tanaka, Y Sano, S Ohya, Compressive Residual Stress Evolution Process by Laser Peening, Material Science Forum, 2005, 490-491, 370-375
[13] P Dahlman, F Gunnberg, M Jacobson, The influence of rake angle, cutting feed and cutting depth on residual stresses in hard turning, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004, 147, 181-184
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2011, 225, 1407-1417.

However, sensory characteristics play a key role because they influence consumer health, choice and preference in material industry [2].
Furthermore, the quality control in material production refers to sensory quality evaluation.
The presented approach is well suited to quality classification of the material products for important corporate goal in a competitive environment.
Acknowledgement This research is supported by the Ministry of Educational Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of China (10YJC630372) References [1] Peter J.
Curt a, Modeling the operator know-how to control sensory quality in traditional processes, Journal of Food Engineering [J] , 2007,83,156–166

Zinc chloride (ZnCl2·2H2O) and ammonia (NH3·H2O) were used as raw materials.
Nano-sized materials exhibit novel and significant mechanical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties in comparison with their bulk counterparts [1-4].
Experiment Materials.
El-Shall: Materials Letters, Vol. 59(2005), p. 1924 [4] Zeshan Hu, José F.
Searson: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 285(2005), p.239 100nm mm 100nm 100nm m [5] M.E.V.

Therefore improvement of the fracture toughness and flexural strength is crucial for the use of TiB2 ceramics as structural materials.
Regarding the lower temperature sintering of TiB2-based materials, lots of efforts had been made to use the various metallic binders (Ni, Fe, Mo, Co) [6-9].
Experimental Procedures A commercially available TiB2 composite powder (Ningxia Machinery Research Institute, Ningxia) with a mean particle size of 1.5μm and (W,Ti)C powder (Changsha Langfeng Metal Materials Co., Ltd, Changsha) with a mean particle size of 1.5μm were used as the raw materials.
The compositions of materials are shown in Table 2.
Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials (2011)

The crystalline structure, optical transmittance, band gap energy and the conduction type of the materials are influenced by the optimum temperature during deposition process [11].
[4] D. wei, Dye-sensitized solar cell review, Intetrnaional Journal of Molecular Science 11 (2010) 1103-1113
Martino, Zinc oxide nanostructures grown by pulsed laser deposition, Journal of Material Science & Processing 93 (2008) 729-733
Ribeyron, Boron-Doped Zinc oxide Layers Grown by Metal-Organic CVD for silicon heterojunction solar cells applications, Journal of Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 (2011) 1057-1061
Cho, Effects of of growth temperature on the properties of ZnO thin films grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, Transactions on Electrical and Electronics Materials 10 (2009) 185-188.

Acknowledgements This lesson is supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation the Grant No. 3133036.
References [1] B.Mills: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
[3] M.W.Cook, P.K.Bossom: International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials.
[6] G.Causanelli, A.Hessler: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
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