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The purpose of this work is to study the processes of structure formation in the system "cement-plasticizer - crude carbon nanotubes" and to establish the relationship with the parameters of the structure, physical-mechanical and operational properties of composite materials.
It is shown that closed pores predominate in the structure, which contributes to increase of water resistance and corrosion resistance of composite material.
Trikoz et al, Fundamentals of the theory of hardening, strength, fracture and durability of Portland cement, concrete and structures.
Colloid chemistry and physicochemical mechanics of cement concretes, part 1, Kiev: Scientific Thought, 2011
[15] A.N.Plugin, A.A.Plugin, O.A.Kalinin, etc., Fundamentals of the theory of hardening, strength, fracture and durability of Portland cement, concrete and structures, The theory of strength, destruction and durability of concrete, reinforced concrete and their structures, part 3, Kiev: Scientific Thought, 2012

Oxygen Deficient TiO2 Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation YI YANG1, YING-CHIH PU1, YAT LI1 and JIN ZHANG1, a * 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA azhang@ucsc.edu Keywords: Photoelectrodes; Defect chemistry; Water oxidation Abstract.
(c) Scheme illustrates of the energy band structure of black TiO2.
Kamat, TiO2 Nanostructures- Recent Physical Chemistry Advances.
Zhang, Preparation and Photoelectrochemical Properties of CdSe/TiO2 Hybrid Mesoporous Structures.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 104 (2000) 7239-7253

Rosin acids, owing to their characteristic fused ring structure, are analogous to many aromatic compounds in rigidity.
All these unique physical properties of the rosin-modified rigid PU foams were correlated to the structures of these PU foams.
These oils are predominantly made up of triglyceride molecules, which have the structure shown in Figure 1.
Chemical structure of the polyol was analyzed by IR, 1HNMR, TG/DTA and GPC.
Liao: Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products, Vo1.26 (2)(2006), p.57.

According to the fact of coal-based energy structure in China which can’t be changed in short time, determined the energy consumption structure, Fig.1 shows the energy structure of China .
China’s coal-based energy consumption structure is a direct and main impact on increasing our CO2 emissions.
The current contribution rate of the energy intensity is the larger than energy consumption structure.
In addition, compared to other developed country, there is a lot of potential for improvement in energy consumption structure.
Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry.

Characteristics of Calcium Carbonate Crystal Structure and Size Distribution in Solution under the Electromagnetic Field Xiaokai Xing1,a Ruiyan Sun2,b Shigang Wang2,c 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China Univ. of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China 102249 2Survey and Design Institute of Jilin Oilfield Corporation, Songyuan, China, 138000 aXingxk2002@cup.edu.cn, bsunruiyan7688@sohu.com, cwang-shg@petrochina.com.cn Keywords: Calcium Carbonate, Crystal Structure, Crystal Size Distribution, Electromagnetic Field Abstract.
The present study focuses on characteristics of calcium carbonate crystal size distribution in solution and crystal structure on the surface under the electromagnetic field in order to comprehend the mechanisms of the Electromagnetic treatment device (ETD).
All of these methods, though effective in scale control, but substantially change the solution chemistry and can be expensive.
In order to validate this concept, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) which model is QUANTA 200 made in FEI Corporation was used to visualize crystal structures of scales.
The SEM photographs without the ETD reveal that scales were mainly aragonites resembling dendrites, while the scales produced with the ETD presents a quite different structure.

The results indicated that Co-Ce codoped TiO2/SiO2/NiFe2O4 particles were mesoporous microspheres with core-shell structure.
Co3+ and Co2+ into the TiO2 skeleton can cause the change of TiO2 band structure, and form similar Co-TiO2/TiO2/ Co-TiO2, TiO2/ Co-TiO2/TiO2 heterostructure quantum well, which can control the transfer process of carriers.
Stacking fault structures were formed on the Co-TiO2 mesoporous materials with the wide UV absorption band gap, which suggests that relatively more multi-layer quantum well Bragg arrangements have a great impact on the resonance frequency absorption inside the structure and lead to the absorption edge red-shift or enhancement.
Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2010, 26(2):203-210.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids，2005，66(1): 161-167

Fast charging lead-acid battery technology theory analysis Kuang-chengLi,ZhengLiu,Ya-longLiu, Yan Liu (The Academy Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072, China) liuzheng354@qq.com Key words:Lead-acid battery, Fast charging, Polarization Abstract:Lead-acid battery has perfect characteristics,such as good performance,rich raw materials and low prices, it plays an important role as starting power and auxiliary power in vehicles, Because of inadequate understanding internal active material in physical or chemistry reaction in charging process or technical conditions of limit,the charging methods mainly contents the constant voltage,constant voltage the current limit,constantcurrent.Thesemethods fail to damages such as overcharging,short-charging,gaschromatographyandhigh electrolyte temperature.
Considering each single cell battery capacity and non-balanced structure in a group of lead-acid batteries, weselect2.39V as gas chromatography pointthreshold voltage. 1.3The transient model of electromotive force When ata certaintemperature, if the materialand structure of batteryaredetermined, according to the Nernst equation,thebalanced electromotive forceoflead-acid batterydepends on theactivity of electrolyte andthe activity of water, as shown inthe equation(2): （2） We can draw a relation diagram of electromotive force E and SOC,and it isshown in Figure 2.

The eigenstrain due to the magnetostriction is incorporated in the structure of the MREs using a generalized Hooke’s Law.
Journal Of Industrial And Engineering Chemistry 17, no. 1 (Jan 2011): 83-89
Smart Materials & Structures 20, no. 3 (Mar 2011)
"Isotropic Magnetorheological Elastomers with Thermoplastic Matrices: Structure, Damping Properties and Testing."
Smart Materials & Structures 19, no. 4 (Apr 2010)

The Effects of Substrate Orientation on Galvanic Growth of ZnO Structures Kuan Ying KOK1,a, Inn Khuan NG1,b, Nur Ubaidah SAIDIN1,c, Thye Foo CHOO1,d, Boon Siong WEE2,e and Yusof ABDULLAH1,f 1Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Generally, well-aligned and uniform structures are preferred as they exhibit excellent performance in many applications [4].
In this work, we synthesized ZnO structures using a facile one-pot galvanic process proposed by Zheng et al. [7].
Fig. 3 Typical EDX trace taken from a galvanically-grown ZnO sample The XRD performed on the samples show that the ZnO structures were grown as wurtzite structure (Fig. 4).
This resulted in flower-like structures with non-uniform diameters and lengths.

In comparison with the structures formed at a lower temperature of 350°C, the quantity of the nanostructures was decreased on the surface.
a) 5µm f) 1µm e) 5µm c) 1µm d) 500nm b) 2µm confirmed the existence of a central hollow tunnel within the structures [12].
Obviously, water is important for the 1D structure growth.
It is clearly demonstrated that oxygen content in the sputtering atmosphere had great influences on the defect chemistry of Zn-based precursors and then thermally-grown ZnO films.
Lide: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (82 nd Edition, CRC Press, LLC, 2001/2, 4-134) [12] D.A.