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To guarantee the reliability and safe operation of large-scale metallic structures exposed to cryogenic temperatures for extended periods, it is important to evaluate structural properties of the base metal as well as the welded zone in order to prevent damages that could occur.
Cryogenic materials used for the manufacture of inner tanks for LNG storage are composed of 9Ni steel plates with excellent structural and mechanical properties for a high safety level [1,2].
In order to prevent damages that could occur, structural properties of the welded zone are studied.
The tempering allows the formation of a small amount of austenite and gives superior mechanical properties for cryogenic steels [8].
YANG, Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel Containing Ni of 9%, J.

Ancient archaeological sites contain numerous pottery objects that suffered from different deterioration factors.
The porosity of the pottery has a strong effect on its physical and mechanical properties.
It is necessary before cleaning to identify the type of pottery, its mechanical properties, its components, and the nature of surface dirt.
Because of its properties as chemical inertness, non-wettability, transparency, mechanical resistance, and environmental stability, Paraloid B-72 has been used for conservation purposes since1950 [35, 36].
Conclusion Many methods were used to define the main components of pottery and its deterioration factors.

This study evaluates one of the influencing factors, the starter defect.
Introduction Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have superior tailor-made properties that are not attainable from conventional material.
Hence, measure of delamination resistance is essential properties of CFRP composites.
Fibre-matrix adhesion and its effect on composite mechanical properties: IV.
Mode II stress-intensity factors for cracked wood beams.

Volcanic Ash Properties As one part of asphalt mixture, filler plays important role in determining asphalt mixture nature and its properties affects filler-bitumen system significantly.
(3)Studies show that[4] surface properties of fillers such as shape, angularity and surface structure play an important effect on asphalt mixtures, which affect rheological properties of mortar and optimum asphalt content in mixture, and then influence structural and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete.
Properties of mastic,to a large extent, affect asphalt pavement performance.
a) rutting factor b) creep stiffness c) creep rate Fig. 2 High and low temperature properties comparision of modified asphalt mastic Compared with slag mortar, rutting factor G*/ sinδ of volcanic ash mastic significantly increased, indicating that high temperature properties of volcanic ash mortar turned better than the slag mortar; additionally the capability for volcanic ash to improve high temperature properties of mastic varies a lot due to different volcanic ash species.
a) rutting factor b) creep stiffness c) creep rate Fig.3 Properties comparision of asphalt mastic compositly modified by fillers and SBS It can be seen from figure 3 that compared with single modification by volcanic ash, rutting factor G * / sinδ of compositly modified asphalt mortar by SBS and volcanic ash increased exponentially, indicating that SBS significantly improved high temperature stability of mortars, among which rutting factor improving rate of volcanic ash mortar by SBS exceeded the slag mortar.

Bhaduri[3] discussed the influence of different temperature on fracture toughness property of material.
(a) Pressure (b) Speed (c) Slurry Fig. 3 Material remove rate under different levels of various factors The influence of lapping process parameters on surface roughness Ra.
It because that chemical properties of Zhongjing slurry are more active than ethylenediamine slurry and it reacts with wafers more intensely than ethylenediamine slurry with wafers, so it could get better surface quality by using Zhongjing slurry.
(a) Pressure (b) Speed (c)Slurry Fig.4 Surface roughness under different levels of various factors There are some relative big pits and rough scratches on surface of sample 3 after lapping (shown as Fig.5(a)).
Bhaduri, Microstructural and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline spinel and related composites, Ceramics International. 28(2002)153-158 [4] C. b.

Introduction The mechanical property of nanocomposite ceramic tool materials is improved due to the special grain microstructure.
However, the affecting mechanism of sintering process on the microstructure is still inexplicit, it is necessary to simulate the effect of sintering parameters on microstructure of nanocomposite ceramic tool materials.
Sintering temperature is an important parameter affecting grain growth of ceramic tool material, the mean grain size L can be given by the following equation [4]: (1) where γ is grain boundary energy, A the accommodation probability, Z the average number of atoms per unit area at the grain boundary, Vm the volume of specific mol, Na Avogadro’s number, h Planck’s constant, R the gas constant, Ts absolute sintering temperature, ΔSa the activation entropy, Qa the activation energy, t the real grain growth time, L0 the initial grain size at t = 0.
Thus, the temperature factor, kT, has an influence on the probability of grain growth.
The highest sintering temperature is given 1600℃ according to the properties of nanocomposite ceramic powders and hot-pressing sintering experimental equipment.

Pore structure of activated-carbon including pore size, pore volume, pore size distribution and specific surface area are the main factors to affect the desulfurization efficiency.
Temperature is one of the important factors affecting desulfurization efficiency.
Temperature is one of the important factors to affect the desulfurization efficiency.
Owing to well-developed pore structure, high specific surface area, low production cost and good mechanical properties, activated-chars can be used as a new type of sulfur dioxide adsorbent or sorbent supporters.
Physical and chemical properties of the activated-char, operating conditions (feed gas composition, temperature), and the amount of loaded metal can affect the desulfurization efficiency.

In fact, mutual restraint and mutual influence between this three factors, groundwater seepage field and the deformation of the rock stress result in groundwater-solid coupling effect[1].
And the“▽P”reflected the impact of the water seepage field in solid skeleton, its essence is that the pore pressure generated in the fluid flow affected the stress field of the solid skeleton, thereby affecting the deformation of the solid skeleton.
(4)In addition, to determine the safety and critical distance which depends on the fault water ressure, the rock mechanics properties of the control of a combination of factors. the numerical simulation of Fluid-Solid coupling analysis provide favorable conditions for research facilities.
Hydrogelogical and mechanical basics of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in Northern China[J].Journal of china coal society, 2004, 29(2): 182-185.
Hydrogelogical and mechanical basics of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in Northern China[J].Journal of china coal society, 2004, 29(2): 182-185.

Each of these factors is displayed in material in different extent depending on technological parameters of processing, and also properties and interaction of fillers in particular conditions.
Each of these factors is displayed in material in different extent depending on technological parameters of processing, and also properties and interaction of fillers in particular conditions.
Each type and level of hierarchy affects fundamental properties of condensed media in its own way.
As an example, we now outline the sequence of steps in solving the problem of designing composites with magnetic, ferroelectric, etc. fillers: 1) Selection and a justification of methods of synthesis of materials in different structural states. 2) Investigation of physical properties of heterogeneous media at different structural levels and revealing of key parameters, which determine these properties. 3) Development of VAT model for the description of electrical and magnetic properties, both static and dynamic, of heterogeneous materials with ferroelectric and magnetic components. 4) Theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of external magnetic, electrical and mechanical fields on physical properties of heterogeneous media at different levels of structural hierarchy.
Examination of the dependence of Curie temperature on morphology and performance of components for the purpose of controlling the shift of Curie temperature. 6) Development of materials with a broad complex of physical properties, for example, for the purpose of making composite materials with electrodynamic properties, controllable by: - Variations of structural parameters at different levels of structural hierarchy; - Action of electrical, magnetic, mechanical and thermal fields.

The welding of shape-memory alloys is a challenge due to the fact that there are numerous compositions and because the properties are greatly influenced by the temperature.
Pulsed laser welding is a solution used for joining NiTi shape-memory alloys, having the advantage of localized heating and the possibility to adjust the welding parameters to obtain optimal properties.
Industry requirements for more complex structures have led to the study of methods for joining these smart materials that could have as low as possible influence on the properties of the base alloy.
Because it is essential to limit as much as possible the undesirable effects of the laser beam on the laser-welded SMA's properties, precise control of all parameters involved in the welding process is necessary.
The use of laser equipment that works in a pulsed mode has the advantage of localized heating, but especially the possibility of adjusting the process parameters to obtain optimal properties.