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Online since: February 2013
Authors: Wei Ping Hu, Bo Xu
Photochromic effect of typical inorganic system is along with reversible oxidation - reduction reaction, and that of organic system is also often accompanied by many synchronized processes related to photochemical reaction, thus leading to a certain change of the molecular structure, its reaction ways mainly include: bond isomerism, cis-trans isomerization, bond fracture, polymerization, oxidation - reduction, pericyclic reaction, etc.
Since photoproduction electron hole pairs of the inorganic semiconductor photochromic materials have very strong oxidation - reduction performance, so its photochromic effect can be enhanced through composite organic dye.
When WO3 is mixed with a colorless dye leuco body of reduction state, the electron of dye leuco boby in the light can be inspired and injected into the conduction band of the former, this photo oxidation - reduction reaction can generate colored dye with high molar extinction coefficient when blue tungsten bronze HxWO3 is formed.
This kind of organic - inorganic compound photochromic device can not only greatly improve light sensitivity of the system, expand types and color range of photochromic material, but also can help to make full use of rich visible spectrum energy in the sunshine to stimulate photochromic effect. 3.Application of photochromic materials 3.1 Data storage component By use of the characteristics that photochromic compounds can change colors in repeated cycle when suffering light exposure of different intensity and wavelength, it can be made memory storage components of computer to realize memory and remove process of information.
The high pollution of traditional materials is a well-known fact, it can’t reach the standard that current society corresponds with proposition of low carbon environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction in the world.
Since photoproduction electron hole pairs of the inorganic semiconductor photochromic materials have very strong oxidation - reduction performance, so its photochromic effect can be enhanced through composite organic dye.
When WO3 is mixed with a colorless dye leuco body of reduction state, the electron of dye leuco boby in the light can be inspired and injected into the conduction band of the former, this photo oxidation - reduction reaction can generate colored dye with high molar extinction coefficient when blue tungsten bronze HxWO3 is formed.
This kind of organic - inorganic compound photochromic device can not only greatly improve light sensitivity of the system, expand types and color range of photochromic material, but also can help to make full use of rich visible spectrum energy in the sunshine to stimulate photochromic effect. 3.Application of photochromic materials 3.1 Data storage component By use of the characteristics that photochromic compounds can change colors in repeated cycle when suffering light exposure of different intensity and wavelength, it can be made memory storage components of computer to realize memory and remove process of information.
The high pollution of traditional materials is a well-known fact, it can’t reach the standard that current society corresponds with proposition of low carbon environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction in the world.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Sang Kwon Lee, Jang Sun Sim
Table 1 Data on the test gear set.
CWT for this time data is shown in middle part of Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 CWT for the time data of the damaged gear.
Fig. 5 CWT for the time data of the health gear(6 reduction).
Fig. 6 CWT for the time data of the damaged gear (6 reduction).
CWT for this time data is shown in middle part of Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 CWT for the time data of the damaged gear.
Fig. 5 CWT for the time data of the health gear(6 reduction).
Fig. 6 CWT for the time data of the damaged gear (6 reduction).
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Hai Hong Huang, Jia Miao, Hai Xin Wang, Feng Feng Wang
Grey prediction uses the method of data generation to find the rules hidden in disorder data which needs little original data.
While m=k, is the simulation reduction value (grey filtering value) at the k moment.
Take this data as the original data of GM(1,1), X(0), get the linear accumulated generated sequence X(1)after the linear accumulation of X(0),then calculate the mean generation of consecutive-neighbors sequence Z(1) of X(0).
The parameters of the prediction system are time-varying in operation, the system is changed after absorbing the newest data and abandoning the oldest data, and a series of new predictive values is obtained.
The influence on the system is further related to the flash data, so the system is highly adaptable.
While m=k, is the simulation reduction value (grey filtering value) at the k moment.
Take this data as the original data of GM(1,1), X(0), get the linear accumulated generated sequence X(1)after the linear accumulation of X(0),then calculate the mean generation of consecutive-neighbors sequence Z(1) of X(0).
The parameters of the prediction system are time-varying in operation, the system is changed after absorbing the newest data and abandoning the oldest data, and a series of new predictive values is obtained.
The influence on the system is further related to the flash data, so the system is highly adaptable.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Jian Hong Mao
For the purpose of fulfilling the services demands of the rail transportation, the elevated station has turned into a new type of transportation structure, and exercises a critical role in the reduction of the social transportation pressure.
This new type of urban rail structure exercises a highly important function in the reduction of China's domestic transportation pressure.
Besides, an accelerometer with high precision is select to be used to monitor and measure the actual condition of the changes in the acceleration; the INV306B intelligent signal automatic analytical system is utilized to process the data signal.
Vibration Control In view of the adverse effect caused by the vibration prevention to the elevated station, the designers are necessary to use the "compression resistance and vibration reduction" method after an analysis on the structure dynamics, with the purpose of ensuring the running trains not to bring excessively large vibration to the major structure of the elevated station.
This new type of urban rail structure exercises a highly important function in the reduction of China's domestic transportation pressure.
Besides, an accelerometer with high precision is select to be used to monitor and measure the actual condition of the changes in the acceleration; the INV306B intelligent signal automatic analytical system is utilized to process the data signal.
Vibration Control In view of the adverse effect caused by the vibration prevention to the elevated station, the designers are necessary to use the "compression resistance and vibration reduction" method after an analysis on the structure dynamics, with the purpose of ensuring the running trains not to bring excessively large vibration to the major structure of the elevated station.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Ai Qin Shan, Guo Jun Wu, Qing Jun Meng, Feng Na Ma
The effect of TCE cometabolism degradation with glucose as electron donor on reduction progress was investigated with enriched nitrate, sulfate, trivalent iron and their mixtures under anoxic or anaerobic conditions.
All the data during the experiment were processed by Excel 2003.
Trivalent iron salt has different performance to TCE removal effects under anaerobic and anoxic conditions, which might because the Gibbs Free Energy with 4.53KJ/mol-1 of iron reductive half-reaction is well above the Gibbs Free Energy with -53KJ/mol-1 of TCE reductive half-reaction that will cause the promotion of TCE dechlorination, but under anoxic condition, the change of oxidation-reduction environment might facilitates the plentiful growth of iron-reducing bacteria but inhibits the growth of TCE dechlorination bacteria, which made to the addition of trivalent iron salt ultimately decreases the TCE removal rate.
In theory, the Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) of sulfate reductive half-reaction with -207mV is far lower than ORP of the TCE reductive half-reaction with 550mV, causing markedly the promotion to TCE dechlorination[9], but in the experiment, the sulfate brought in the slight inhibition on the TCE dechlorination.
All the data during the experiment were processed by Excel 2003.
Trivalent iron salt has different performance to TCE removal effects under anaerobic and anoxic conditions, which might because the Gibbs Free Energy with 4.53KJ/mol-1 of iron reductive half-reaction is well above the Gibbs Free Energy with -53KJ/mol-1 of TCE reductive half-reaction that will cause the promotion of TCE dechlorination, but under anoxic condition, the change of oxidation-reduction environment might facilitates the plentiful growth of iron-reducing bacteria but inhibits the growth of TCE dechlorination bacteria, which made to the addition of trivalent iron salt ultimately decreases the TCE removal rate.
In theory, the Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) of sulfate reductive half-reaction with -207mV is far lower than ORP of the TCE reductive half-reaction with 550mV, causing markedly the promotion to TCE dechlorination[9], but in the experiment, the sulfate brought in the slight inhibition on the TCE dechlorination.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Juan Hong, Wei Chen, Song Pin Wu
After acquired the flow field data which is obtained by using Large Eddy Simulation, hybrid method that couples numerical flow computations with an implementation of the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation is used to capture the flow induced noise.
In this article, we also discussed the reduction method of cavity noise.
One feasible solution to this problem is that we do numerical simulation in the near field, while we predict the far field noise by integration of flow field data.
The results agree with the experimental data available.
In this article, we also discussed the reduction method of cavity noise.
One feasible solution to this problem is that we do numerical simulation in the near field, while we predict the far field noise by integration of flow field data.
The results agree with the experimental data available.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Shao Bo Lu, Yi Nong Li, Yi Liang Dong
The triangle function method has been adopted to produce the random data of roughness road input.
This implies that the proposed triangle function method for producing the random data is effective.
The spline curve was used to fit the nonlinear property of the real spring and damper in ADAMS based on the measured data.
The measured and simulation data both in time and frequency are presented.
A 3-D dynamic model is established based on the measured data in the ADAMS.
This implies that the proposed triangle function method for producing the random data is effective.
The spline curve was used to fit the nonlinear property of the real spring and damper in ADAMS based on the measured data.
The measured and simulation data both in time and frequency are presented.
A 3-D dynamic model is established based on the measured data in the ADAMS.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Li Fu, Tao Cheng
Thus, data cloud pretreatment is needed for the data obtained by measuring, such as removing noise points, data interpolation, data smoothing, data reduction, data partitioning and splicing of the multi-view data cloud [27].
(iv) 3-D Reconstruction The data obtained from measuring instrument is usually large and disorder.
In order to do the further treatment (such as Feature extraction and surface fitting) for the data cloud, it is necessary to sort the data cloud and construct a certain form (such as triangular faces) or directly extract the characteristic from the data cloud and then fit the characteristic surfaces which could guarantee high precision.
Segmentation of the whole data cloud could be applied, the data cloud can be divided into many small pieces, then the entities’ primary shape could be recovered by global matching [28,29].
Not only the obtained data cloud but also existing CAD software could be used to reconstruct.
(iv) 3-D Reconstruction The data obtained from measuring instrument is usually large and disorder.
In order to do the further treatment (such as Feature extraction and surface fitting) for the data cloud, it is necessary to sort the data cloud and construct a certain form (such as triangular faces) or directly extract the characteristic from the data cloud and then fit the characteristic surfaces which could guarantee high precision.
Segmentation of the whole data cloud could be applied, the data cloud can be divided into many small pieces, then the entities’ primary shape could be recovered by global matching [28,29].
Not only the obtained data cloud but also existing CAD software could be used to reconstruct.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Jing Jing Zhao, Lei Hu, Ji Xiang Sun, Shi Lin Zhou
The intelligent inspection system often takes traditional imaging process of data acquisition followed by compression, which leads to the waste of image data and memory resources.
The compressed sensing principle provides the foundation of obvious reduction of sampling rates and computation complexity in digital data acquisitions, it has stirred great excitements both in academia and industries, the compressive imaging is also proposed and developed in the past few years [3,4].
Compressed Sensing Theory Compressed sensing is a new technique for simultaneous data sampling and compression, which enables us to stably reconstruct an image of the scene from fewer measurements than the number of reconstructed pixels.
As usually done in literature, we use high resolution images of transmission equipment to simulate the effects if the data were fully acquired.
The authors thank the Electric Power Authority of Shaoxing for providing the image data.
The compressed sensing principle provides the foundation of obvious reduction of sampling rates and computation complexity in digital data acquisitions, it has stirred great excitements both in academia and industries, the compressive imaging is also proposed and developed in the past few years [3,4].
Compressed Sensing Theory Compressed sensing is a new technique for simultaneous data sampling and compression, which enables us to stably reconstruct an image of the scene from fewer measurements than the number of reconstructed pixels.
As usually done in literature, we use high resolution images of transmission equipment to simulate the effects if the data were fully acquired.
The authors thank the Electric Power Authority of Shaoxing for providing the image data.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Chun Rong Wang, Zhu Fa Zhou, Yan Jie Li, Ran Ran Tian, Xiao Chun Dai
The thickness of Ag shell can be tunable by changing reaction conditions, such as the concentration of AgNO3, reduction reaction rate.
Diffraction peaks of crystalline phases were compared with those of standard compounds reported in the JCPDS Data File.
Reduction reaction rate of Ag+ with HCHO as a reducing agent is the key to the growth of Ag shell.
Further growth of Ag shell can be promoted by a slow reduction.
The thickness of Ag layer can be tunable by changing reaction conditions, such as the concentration of AgNO3, reduction reaction rate
Diffraction peaks of crystalline phases were compared with those of standard compounds reported in the JCPDS Data File.
Reduction reaction rate of Ag+ with HCHO as a reducing agent is the key to the growth of Ag shell.
Further growth of Ag shell can be promoted by a slow reduction.
The thickness of Ag layer can be tunable by changing reaction conditions, such as the concentration of AgNO3, reduction reaction rate