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Online since: January 2022
Authors: Cleophas Akinloto Loto, Ayobami Busari, Roland Tolulope Loto
The statistical data was analyzed at confidence level of 95% and significance level of α = 0.05.
Table 8 shows the statistical data for mean, standard deviation and margin of error for the inhibition efficiency data of CA and AI inhibitor compound at values above 70% inhibition.
The standard deviation presents the extent of difference between the inhibition efficiency data.
The standard deviation data for both compounds were generally higher.
Data for mean, standard deviation and margin of error for the inhibition efficiency data showed the degree of variation between the inhibition efficiency values.
Table 8 shows the statistical data for mean, standard deviation and margin of error for the inhibition efficiency data of CA and AI inhibitor compound at values above 70% inhibition.
The standard deviation presents the extent of difference between the inhibition efficiency data.
The standard deviation data for both compounds were generally higher.
Data for mean, standard deviation and margin of error for the inhibition efficiency data showed the degree of variation between the inhibition efficiency values.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Zhang Wei Li, Yun Ying Wu
The mechanism of this treatment involved bioavailability reduction and immobilization of Cd in soil, resulting in the transformation of available fractions to unavailable fractions.
Data analysis The means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated by Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0.The figures were plotted by origin 7.0.
nHAP treatment level(mg/kg) Cd treatment level 0 mg/kg Cd treatment level 5 mg/kg Cd treatment level 10 mg/kg shoot root shoot root shoot root 0.0 0.13±0.03a 0.14±0.03b 16.94±4.27a 19.89±5.10a 27.70±4.07a 38.15±6.55a 5.0 0.11±0.02ab 0.14±0.04b 16.55±3.98a 19.04±3.35a 20.18±5.85b 21.08±5.46b 10.0 0.13±0.04a 0.22±0.06a 13.26±4.11b 15.55±5.87b 16.58±3.29c 25.35±5.63b 20.0 0.15±0.04a 0.15±0.02b 6.95±1.54c 11.51±2.62bc 12.45±4.11d 15.44±3.33c 30.0 0.08±0.03b 0.18±0.03b 5.57±1.33c 9.49±2.41c 9.27±2.56e 13.21±2.70c Data with the same letters in the same column are not significantly different(P<0.05) Table 2.
As Fig.2 showed, after treated by nHAP with the concentration of 30mg/kg, the reduction in FDC of FA was approximately of 9.0 % and 12.0% compared to no nHAP in 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg Cd contaminated soil.
Data analysis The means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated by Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0.The figures were plotted by origin 7.0.
nHAP treatment level(mg/kg) Cd treatment level 0 mg/kg Cd treatment level 5 mg/kg Cd treatment level 10 mg/kg shoot root shoot root shoot root 0.0 0.13±0.03a 0.14±0.03b 16.94±4.27a 19.89±5.10a 27.70±4.07a 38.15±6.55a 5.0 0.11±0.02ab 0.14±0.04b 16.55±3.98a 19.04±3.35a 20.18±5.85b 21.08±5.46b 10.0 0.13±0.04a 0.22±0.06a 13.26±4.11b 15.55±5.87b 16.58±3.29c 25.35±5.63b 20.0 0.15±0.04a 0.15±0.02b 6.95±1.54c 11.51±2.62bc 12.45±4.11d 15.44±3.33c 30.0 0.08±0.03b 0.18±0.03b 5.57±1.33c 9.49±2.41c 9.27±2.56e 13.21±2.70c Data with the same letters in the same column are not significantly different(P<0.05) Table 2.
As Fig.2 showed, after treated by nHAP with the concentration of 30mg/kg, the reduction in FDC of FA was approximately of 9.0 % and 12.0% compared to no nHAP in 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg Cd contaminated soil.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Attila Trohák, Béla Illés, Zoltán Biró
We explain our implemented filter algorithms developed into a programmable controller for the reduction of communication load.
PDU stands for Protocol Data Unit (i.e.
For first we tried to transfer the data through a GSM data call.
For this we need a GSM subscription for two-way data transfer, for data call.
With this algorithm we could stay over the maximum data rate, but all data can be received from the vehicle.
PDU stands for Protocol Data Unit (i.e.
For first we tried to transfer the data through a GSM data call.
For this we need a GSM subscription for two-way data transfer, for data call.
With this algorithm we could stay over the maximum data rate, but all data can be received from the vehicle.
Online since: March 2023
Authors: Hamzah Fansuri, Bambang Sudarmanta, Sigit Mujiarto
After passing through the reduction zone, syngas will exit the gasifier through the outlet pipe.
A gas reaction and a solid-gas reaction occur in the reduction reaction stage.
The effect of temperature on the reduction zone greatly determines the composition of the syngas.
The LHV of the syngas will increase with the increase in temperature in the reduction zone [27].
This conclusion is consistent with temperature data, as the tar cracking process begins at 500oC [19,28].
A gas reaction and a solid-gas reaction occur in the reduction reaction stage.
The effect of temperature on the reduction zone greatly determines the composition of the syngas.
The LHV of the syngas will increase with the increase in temperature in the reduction zone [27].
This conclusion is consistent with temperature data, as the tar cracking process begins at 500oC [19,28].
Online since: April 2009
Authors: S. Poupard, J. Creus, Fernando Pedraza-Diaz
The impedance data were obtained at the
corrosion potential with an Autolab frequency response analyser connected to an electrochemical
interface.
Open-circuit potential and polarisation measurements Figure 3 shows respectively the polarisation curves in 0.5M NaCl solution and the resulting data for bare and coated zinc.
Aramaki [7] ascribed this phenomenon to the reduction of Ce 4+ species into Ce 3+ in the form of hydroxides.
The impedance data can be fitted using simple electrical equivalent circuit.
Rcorr values of Ce coated samples are greater than those of the Ce + PEG coated zinc in agreement with the Rp data from the polarisation curves.
Open-circuit potential and polarisation measurements Figure 3 shows respectively the polarisation curves in 0.5M NaCl solution and the resulting data for bare and coated zinc.
Aramaki [7] ascribed this phenomenon to the reduction of Ce 4+ species into Ce 3+ in the form of hydroxides.
The impedance data can be fitted using simple electrical equivalent circuit.
Rcorr values of Ce coated samples are greater than those of the Ce + PEG coated zinc in agreement with the Rp data from the polarisation curves.
Online since: August 2025
Authors: Ardinal Ardinal, Kasma Iswari, Leni Marlina, Salmariza Sy, Doni Putra
The data collection for 3 months.
Data was obtained from the person responsible for the PT AMP installation.
The data used for the article is recorded data from January, February, and March 2022.
COD reduction, methane gas produced, and efficiency of electricity used at PT AMP during observation.
The calculation of the cost of capturing methane gas is based on power data produced from January to March with an average demand for petro 4 of 57414,6 kWh/month or 688975,2 kWh/year which is replaced by biogas.
Data was obtained from the person responsible for the PT AMP installation.
The data used for the article is recorded data from January, February, and March 2022.
COD reduction, methane gas produced, and efficiency of electricity used at PT AMP during observation.
The calculation of the cost of capturing methane gas is based on power data produced from January to March with an average demand for petro 4 of 57414,6 kWh/month or 688975,2 kWh/year which is replaced by biogas.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Yong Fang Li
The key of development of low carbon transport is to optimize the transport energy structure, to reduce the heavy reliance on fossil high-carbon fuels gradually, through developing the new energy and new technology, to realize the process from carbon reduction to zero carbon emission.
According to research data show that the per capita energy consumption of car is the largest, almost four times of the bus; rail transportation is the lowest, only 31.25% of the bus, 8.45% of the car, the emissions of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide of rail transport is 3.75%, 71.43%, 52.63% of bus. [3] According to the accurate calculation of the experts, if the 1% of individual car trips switches to public transport in China, the country each year will save fuel 80 million liters. [4] These data shows that the higher the proportion of the transport system with rail transit, public transport, the more low-carbon environmental, and more cost-effective.
It can transport people to all downtown locations smoothly and comfortably. [7] Statistical data analysis shows that in European cities, the per capita energy consumption is lower than that of the United States.
Through control, transformation and upgrade technology of emission standards of public transport tools, improve emissions control standards, vigorously develop the hybrid, natural gas vehicles, trolley electric buses and other new energy vehicles and clean energy vehicles, and give full play to the demonstration effect of them in the aspect of low carbon and emission reduction [9].
Develop and perfect higher standards than the national standard, the standard of the industry standard, such as the use of the quota management system, the labor material and financial resources, to reasonably arrange and use, and to promote carbon reduction from soft to hard. [9] The Optimization of the Organization and Management of Public Transport.
According to research data show that the per capita energy consumption of car is the largest, almost four times of the bus; rail transportation is the lowest, only 31.25% of the bus, 8.45% of the car, the emissions of carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxide of rail transport is 3.75%, 71.43%, 52.63% of bus. [3] According to the accurate calculation of the experts, if the 1% of individual car trips switches to public transport in China, the country each year will save fuel 80 million liters. [4] These data shows that the higher the proportion of the transport system with rail transit, public transport, the more low-carbon environmental, and more cost-effective.
It can transport people to all downtown locations smoothly and comfortably. [7] Statistical data analysis shows that in European cities, the per capita energy consumption is lower than that of the United States.
Through control, transformation and upgrade technology of emission standards of public transport tools, improve emissions control standards, vigorously develop the hybrid, natural gas vehicles, trolley electric buses and other new energy vehicles and clean energy vehicles, and give full play to the demonstration effect of them in the aspect of low carbon and emission reduction [9].
Develop and perfect higher standards than the national standard, the standard of the industry standard, such as the use of the quota management system, the labor material and financial resources, to reasonably arrange and use, and to promote carbon reduction from soft to hard. [9] The Optimization of the Organization and Management of Public Transport.
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Carmine D'Auria, Adolfo Senatore, Mario Pisaturo
Introduction
Cost reduction and enhancing of control systems and sensors capabilities are speeding up the endless process aimed at increasing driver’s and passengers’ comfort, vehicle performance and overall safety [1,2].
The availability of dependable frictional maps provides reduction of control engineers’ effort and time to calibrate such systems.
Unfortunately, suppliers of clutch assembly normally provide frictional response data of facing materials only when undergone to critical conditions to provide the proof of material resistance in extreme and prolonged high-stress operation [15,16].
Rousseau, Development of a model of the dual clutch transmission in autonomie and validation with dynamometer test data, Int.
[15] R-233 Friction Characteristics from Small Sample Tests - Technical data, 1996
The availability of dependable frictional maps provides reduction of control engineers’ effort and time to calibrate such systems.
Unfortunately, suppliers of clutch assembly normally provide frictional response data of facing materials only when undergone to critical conditions to provide the proof of material resistance in extreme and prolonged high-stress operation [15,16].
Rousseau, Development of a model of the dual clutch transmission in autonomie and validation with dynamometer test data, Int.
[15] R-233 Friction Characteristics from Small Sample Tests - Technical data, 1996
Online since: December 2018
Authors: Juha Pyykkönen, David Martin, Ville Ritola, Pasi Suikkanen, Magnus Carlsson
In other works it was found that an increase in the total reduction in the non-recrystallization regime of austenite in conjunction with lower finish rolling temperature leads to improved strength and impact toughness without a significant decrease in ductility in bainitic/martensitic structural steels [1, 3].
Hot deformation behaviour of the test compositions were analysed in a Gleeble 3800 Hydrawedge thermomechanical simulator using Ø 10 x 15 mm uniaxial samples for generating flow stress and stress relaxation data as a function of temperature, strain and strain rate.
The stress relaxation data from these experiments was analysed using a model based procedure assumed simultaneous recovery and static recrystallization and softening model parameters fitted for subsequent computational optimization of rolling schedules.
As a final step, a number of different rolling schedules were simulated using industrial plate rolling data in order to evaluate model performance, and grain sizes predictions compared to measured grain sizes in rolled plate.
In the final stage of the optimization process, the finish rolling temperature was set to a level that both maintained productivity in the plate mill, while at the same time achieving higher reductions at the critical pass of the rolling schedule in order to produce a fully recrystallized microstructure with a fine and uniform through thickness grain size.
Hot deformation behaviour of the test compositions were analysed in a Gleeble 3800 Hydrawedge thermomechanical simulator using Ø 10 x 15 mm uniaxial samples for generating flow stress and stress relaxation data as a function of temperature, strain and strain rate.
The stress relaxation data from these experiments was analysed using a model based procedure assumed simultaneous recovery and static recrystallization and softening model parameters fitted for subsequent computational optimization of rolling schedules.
As a final step, a number of different rolling schedules were simulated using industrial plate rolling data in order to evaluate model performance, and grain sizes predictions compared to measured grain sizes in rolled plate.
In the final stage of the optimization process, the finish rolling temperature was set to a level that both maintained productivity in the plate mill, while at the same time achieving higher reductions at the critical pass of the rolling schedule in order to produce a fully recrystallized microstructure with a fine and uniform through thickness grain size.
Online since: November 2019
Authors: A. Anand, B.S. Nithyananda, G.V. Naveen Prakash
Table-1 shows the reduction in FFA% after conversion of oil into biodiesel in various stages.
Table 3 Engine specification The engine performance analysis software “Enginesoft” is used to collect the performance data of the engine online.
The data collected by ECU helps is in evaluating the performance of the engine with the aid of Enginesoft software.
There is a reduction of BTHE for biodiesel which might be because of low Calorific value for Biodiesel PB20. 2.
The pressure variation data is captured directly with the aid of engine performance analysis software “Enginesoft” and pressure sensors.
Table 3 Engine specification The engine performance analysis software “Enginesoft” is used to collect the performance data of the engine online.
The data collected by ECU helps is in evaluating the performance of the engine with the aid of Enginesoft software.
There is a reduction of BTHE for biodiesel which might be because of low Calorific value for Biodiesel PB20. 2.
The pressure variation data is captured directly with the aid of engine performance analysis software “Enginesoft” and pressure sensors.