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Catalytic activity of these materials related to their particle size.
Moshkalev, Microwave-assisted synthesis of palladium nanoparticles intercalated nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide and their electrocatalytic activity for direct-ethanol fuel cells, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 515 (2018) 160-171
Ouyang, Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Prepared by Simultaneous Thermal Reduction and Nitrogen Doping of Graphene Oxide in Air and Its Application as an Electrocatalyst, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7 (2015) 26952-26958
Cai, Recent Advances on Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol on Pt- and Pd-Based Catalysts: From Reaction Mechanisms to Catalytic Materials, Catalysts, 5 (2015) 1507-1534
Sarakonsri, Nano-structure tin/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide composites as high capacity lithium-ion batteries anodes, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28 (2017) 18994-19002.

Borges3 1 Materials Science Department/CENIMAT and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 3 TEKELEC, Chão de Murches P.O.
Experimental details Materials preparation Preparation of thin films.
Yianoulis, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 85 (2005) 205
Yianoulis, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 83 (2004) 115
Qiu, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 65 (1997) 1739.

Introduction Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) is one of the most fascinatingly promising perovskite materials in the photovoltaics and material science field of applications.
Since 2009, the researchers had a great interest in the perovskite materials as a result of its high efficiency as a photovoltaic material [4-7] such as its easy fabrication, low price, tunable bandgap, high carrier diffusion of speed and length, and high Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) due to its high absorption [8, 9].
Bonadio et al., "Entropy-driven stabilization of the cubic phase of MaPbI 3 at room temperature," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1089-1099, 2021
Giannozzi et al., "QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials," vol. 21, no. 39, p. 395502, 2009
Liu et al., "Role of organic cation orientation in formamidine based perovskite materials," vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2021

These results will be useful for researching on strength of PMMA materials.
In 1990s, a real-time lateral grating shearing interferometry, coherent gradient sensing(CGS), was developed for investigating the fracture of engineering materials.
Tippur et al.[1] first developed the lateral shearing interferometric techniques of CGS to study the crack tip deformations in transparent and opaque materials.
International Journal of Fracture. 1993, 61: 247-265
Chen, Visualization of crack tip behavior in functionally gradient material using Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS), Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 13 (2005) 621–632

Preparation Methods of Copper-Steel Composite Wire WU Qingmei1,a, WANG Deqing2,b, GAO Yang3,c 1,2College of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China 3Fushi International (Dalian) Bimetallic Cable Co., Ltd, Dalian 116100, China acymbidiumm@163.com bwdq@djtu.edu.cn cgy65cn@163.com Keywords: copper clad steel wire; preparation methods; composite material Abstract: The domestic and foreign preparation methods of copper-steel composite wire are introduced in the paper, they are basically plating method, hot-dip plating method, continuous extrusion method, clad-welding method and hot extrusion welding method.
Materials Review, 2003, 17 (5): p. 65-68
Metal Journal, 2000, 36 (8): p. 828-832
Kunming university of science and technology journal, 2001, 26 (3): 101-105
Plastic engineering journal, 2003, 24 (4): 78-81

Arlinghaus, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 35 (1974) 931
Dmitriev, Materials Science and Engineering B56 (1999) 195–204
Rius, Gas sensors based on nanostructured materials, Analyst 132 (2007) 1083–1099
Guillén, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 94 (2010) 612–616
Henan Institute of science and technology journal(2011) 78-81

These materials produce elasto-plastic resistance due to yielding or slipping.
At large deformation, it absorbs energy by yielding of the material, cumulating damage to the material.
Acknowledgements The writer acknowledges support from Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology (MEXT) for his research on various passive control systems.
Eng., American Society of Civil Engineers, 122 [10](1998), pp. 513-522 [5] Kasai, K., Teramoto, M., Okuma, K., and Tokoro, K.: Constitutive Rule for Viscoelastic Materials Considering Temperature, Frequency, and Strain Sensitivities (Part 1: Linear Model with Temperature and Frequency Sensitivities), Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), No. 543 (2001), pp. 77-86, (in Japanese) [6] Kasai,K. and Okuma, K.: Kelvin-Type Formulation and Its Accuracy for Practical Modeling of Linear Viscoelastic Dampers (Part 1: One-Mass System Having Damper and Elastic / Inelastic Frame), Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), No. 550 (2001), pp. 71-78, (in Japanese) [7] Kasai, K. and Okuma, K.: Accuracy Enhancement of Kelvin-Type Modeling for Linear Viscoelastic Dampers (A Refined Model Including Effect of Input Frequency on Material Property), Journal of Structural Engineering, Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ
Sensitivities (Part 2: Nonlinear Model Based on Temperature-Rise, Strain, and Strain-Rate), Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), No. 561 (2002), pp. 55-63, (in Japanese) [12] Kasai, K., Ooki, Y., Amemiya, K., and Kimura, K:A Constitutive Rule for Viscoelastic Materials Combining Iso-Butylene And Styrene Polymers (Part 1: Linear Model Considering Temperature And Frequency Sensitivities), Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), No. 569 (2003), pp.47-54, (in Japanese) [13] Kasai, K., Ito, H., and Watanabe, A.: Peak Response Prediction Rule for a SDOF Elasto-Plastic System Based on Equivalent Linearization Technique, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ), No. 571 (2003), pp.53-62, (in Japanese) [14] Kasai, K., Suzuki, A., and Oohara, K.: Equivalent Linearization of a Passive Control System Having Viscous Dampers Dependent on Fractional Power of Velocity, Journal

The photocatalytic activity of the materials were also tested for methylene blue degradation.
Shangguan, Photocatalytic energy storage ability of TiO2-WO3 composite prepared by wet-chemical technique, Journal of Environmentall Sciences 22 (2010) 454-459
Wang, Ordered mesoporous tungsten oxide and titanium oxide composite and their photocatalytic degradation behavior, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 22 (2012) 654-660
Xiao, Jide Wang, “Synthesis of TiO2–WO3 nanocomposites as highly sensitive benzene sensors and high efficiency adsorbents”, Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 (2012) 123914-13917
Manolache, Optical Properties and Chemical Stability of WO3 and TiO2 Thin Films Photocatalysts, Romanian Journal of Information Science and Technology 10 (2007) 269-277.

Castor oil is one kind of chemical raw materials irreplaceable and was widely used in chemical, energy sources, medicine areas and so on.
Materials and methods Preparation of castor stalk particle The castor oil plant produced in Zibo city, Shandong Province, it is 4-5 meters in height and 5-10 centimeter in diameter.
Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (China), 2008, Vol. 59(5), p.1238-1241
JOURNAL OF ZHE JIANG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCES) , 2005, Vol. 34(3), p. 217-219
Journal of southwest forestry college，2009，Vol.29(4), p.54-58

Materials and Methods The fabrication of the mixer was conducted with SU-8 photo resist which was used to produce the mould, PDMS was used the material for the mixer, curing agent, Isopropanol (IPA) Glass and Acetone.
Fabrication of nanowire using ash trimming technique Advanced Materials Research, 626 (2013) 1042-1047
Taguchi's method of statistical design to form an ultra thin silicon dioxide Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8 (8) (2012) 4249-4253
Micro/nanoscale biosensing in microfluidics: Selection of polymers and microstructures Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8 (1) (2012) 420-430
Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(6) (2013) 3436-3443.