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Using a large subset size to perform the image correlation increases the accuracy of the displacement vector calculated, but decreases the spatial resolution of the data.
A reduction in the mid-range grey levels can also be seen, suggesting that there are fewer speckles within the image.
As the histograms of the airbrush and spray can patterns are nominally the same it is difficult to predict which will perform better from the histogram data.
Figure 7: Standard deviation of strain data at a) 296 pixel/mm b) 705 pixel/mm Analysis of the variation between each of the four specimens used for each pattern type given in Fig. 8a shows little variation between for patterns A1, A2 and B2.
Figure 8: Variation of strain data at a) 296 pixel/mm b) 705 pixel/mm Conclusion The work described in the paper has demonstrated that image processing techniques can be used to evaluate the physical changes of speckle patterns under increasing levels of magnification, and enable the assessment of patterns applied using different techniques.

Data Acquisition.
The moderate-speed data logging system was based on Advantech USB multifunction module.
To simultaneously sample the cylinder pressure and encoder signals, a computer equipped with a high speed ADLINK DAQe-2010 simultaneously sampling data acquisition card which has 14 bits resolution, 2 MS/s of sampling rate and four analog input channels was used.
The acquired data were further processed and analyzed with Matlab software.
Besides, the largest NO reduction was 14.5% for premixed ratio of 0.5 with respect to the conventional diesel combustion.

In the primary phase of this paper are described ways to get characteristics data describing rough surfaces together with the formula for determination of surface pattern directional dependence.
The software generator of surface characteristics can be based on the statistical descriptive data [1]:
Scanned surfaces Among the main disadvantages of the surface roughness measurement process belong: the need to purchase an expensive equipment; highly time-consuming measuring process and subsequent data postprocessing; dependence on the preparation of the real surface sample.
This number is determined as a ratio of λx0.5 (the differential length of rough surface in direction of x axis, needed for the reduction of AACF by 50% of its original height) to λy0.5 (the differential length of rough surface in direction of y axis, needed for the reduction of AACF by 50% of its original height).

Aim of this work is to investigate the potential advantages of employing data sonification strategies during the real-time process of data collection.
The results obtained show that the proposed technique can result into an eye-free, efficient annotation of the most significant time intervals of the overall monitoring process, allowing for the reduction of the amount of data that will be further processed by the core monitoring model.
MUSE: A Musical Data Sonification Toolkit.
Ritter, Listen to your data: Model-based sonification for data analysis.
Walker, MUSE: A Musical Data Sonification Toolkit.

Reduction in energy consumption, which means that low cost of heating and cooling needs, safer, clean and comfortable environment achieved.
In this work, the environmental affect of heat insulation used for reduction heat losses in building in addition to using of waste material, which is harmful for the environment.
Test machine used for the compression test Results and Discussion The recorded data for thermal conductivity, thermal resistant and overall heat transfer coefficient used to calculate the heat transfer rate at variable percentage of polystyrene added to the ordinary mixture for the general brick.
Variation of stress (P) with the polystyrene percentage Finally it must be mention that using these waste material such as waste polystyrene will be reflected on clean environment ,healthy and comfort conditions, energy saving and hence money , reduction in mould issue which made headache for all citizen because it enhance the thermal insulation performance.
The new building material is a high efficient thermally insulation material, healthy, clean, comfort conditions will be provide, which leads to low energy consumption and reducing the growth of mould and considerable reduction on the demand on electrical energy for cooling and heating purposes.

All statistical boundary data was averaged over at least three maps and 2000 grains, with the step size set to less than 10% of the minimum cell size.
Grain structure evolution during annealing Fig. 1 shows the microstructure evolution of the annealed samples as a function of temperature, whereas average statistical data is given in Fig. 2.
In Figure 4 it can be seen that the HAGB area, measured form the EBSD data, decreased from 83% in the deformed state to 59% at 200 °C and further declined to below 50% above 300°C.
However, when the isochronal data was used to determine the activation energy (Fig. 3b) it was found that the slope changed with temperature with an apparent activation energy of ~ 80 kJ mol-1 at low temperatures and Q ~ 140 kJ mol-1 above 200 °C, which is close to that normally expected for grain coarsening in aluminum alloys [13].
As the temperature increased there was only a small reduction in S intensity, with a corresponding slight increase in Cu, while there was a substantial reduction in Brass from ~ 20% to 5 %, and weak Cube, {001} <100>, and Goss, {011} <100> components emerged.

The thickness reduction was carried out in two passes and no intermediate annealing was carried out in between the passes.
The raw data were processed using Channel 5.0 software for orientation maps from scans of step size 0.5 mm.
Table 3 Flow forming parameters employed in the present work No. of Pass Reduction (%) Mandrel radius (mm) Roller radius (mm) Angle of attack of final roller Feed rate (mm/rev) 1st Pass 2nd Pass 48 47 87.5 87.5 132.5 132.5 30° 30° 0.714 0.892 Table 4 Different formability parameters observed during flow forming of the preforms Preform condition Parameters Spring-back (mm) Thickness Variation (mm) Ovality (mm) 1st Pass 2nd Pass 1st Pass 2nd Pass 1st Pass 2nd Pass Solutionized Preform 0.65 0.6 0.08 0.08 0.15 to 0.45 0.5 to 0.7 Tensile properties of the AFF and heat treated (AFF+170oC/6h and AFF+ST+170oC/6h) specimens are summarized in Table 5.
The reduction in strength is more for the second pass sample subjected to higher amount of cold deformation (72.5%).
The AFF specimen subjected to 48% thickness reduction (first pass) shows “pancake”-shaped grains elongated along the deformation direction.

However, a cancellation effect has been found unexpectedly, accompanying with the reduction of dielectric constant and conductivity.
As shown in fig.1, the conductivities of TiO2/(PVDF+Fe3O4) composites increase gradually with frequency, but the dielectric constants and loss exhibit reduction with the frequency.
Meanwhile, the conductivity also shows a great reduction with 2 orders of magnitude.
The data in fig.2 is in agreement with the following formulas (1) , (2) where f is the volume fraction of Fe3O4, and are the original values (f=0%), s and q are the critical exponents.
Here, the TiO2 particles also disrupted the basis for the Fe3O4 plate formation of mini-capacitors, resulting in the reduction of dielectric constant.

The nano metal particles can be achieved by evaporating deposition or chemical reduction [4].
Hole injection is provided by the reduction of oxidant solution at the catalyst metal [10].
The catalyst for acid etching is Au, which is obtained by the reduction of HAuCl4 with H2O2 as an oxidant.
The Au nanoparticles were formed with the reduction of HAuCl4 by H2O2.
To study the antireflection effect of this Hbl-Si in IR range, the reflectivity data was measured by IR spectrometer, and plotted in Fig 3.

In mass and serial production we have some restrictions connected with time reduction of every additional activity, minimization of the mistakes, elimination of every factor which can increase the failure frequency, etc [1,2,6,7].
The developed design has numerous advantages related to, inter alia, the reduction of changeover time, limitation of wearing parts, as well as a significant reduction of the cost of developing new systems.
Another very important profit stemming from the use of symmetric systems of Poka-Yoke is the reduction of storage space required for storage of finished quality control systems.
Krenczyk, Data transformation for production planning and control systems integration.