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As a result, the load-deflection properties measured during real testing were very different from those anticipated by the spring equation.
Utilizing mass for improved spring properties and high cyclic strength.
The following factors were taken into account when creating the Belleville spring are; the material type, the thickness of the sheet metal and the details or dimensions of the Belleville spring.
This spring steel is already heat treated, which is used in spiral spring of the sliding doors of shops as shown in Fig. 4, and the tested mechanical properties conducted in the General Company for Engineering Inspection and Qualification are listed in Table 3.
The tested mechanical properties of the sheet metal.

Fractures are caused by several factors including injures and mechanical impact, traffic accidents, fatigue caused of the muscles cannot absorb energy such as walking too far, and also bone weakness due to cancer and osteoporosis [2].
However, HA has a weakness in its mechanical properties, namely brittle.
A high macroporosity can increase the bone formation, but if the values are higher than 50% it will result in the loss of mechanical properties of biomaterials [8].
High macroporosity could improve the bone formation, but values that are higher than 50% could result in the loss of mechanical properties of biomaterials [8].
Firstly, the duration of clotting affects the size of the macroporous and its mechanical properties.

Introduction Due to their excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become a candidate of nano materials for micro- and nano-sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, field emission displays, and many other applications [1-3].
However, there exist multiple influencing factors in DEP which include the magnitude of the applied voltage, the concentration of the CNT suspension, the duration of the electric field, the electrical properties of the CNTs and the dielectric liquid, and the geometry and spacing of the electrodes.
Electron beam irradiation on a selected area of the electrode gap will change the electrical properties of the substrate such as permittivity.
Table 1 shows the electrical properties of the components of the DEP system in simulation.
Two factors will affect the permittivity of a dielectric after electron beam irradiation: molecules number N and polarizability .

Three factors selected are chip size, operating temperature and operating pressure with three levels for each factor.
It is reported that the material loses its properties during casting process due to oxidation.
A higher number of oxygen amount improves the quality of microstructure and material properties.
In this study, ANOVA is used to examine the influence of factors on quality characteristic.
ANOVA and main effect analysis indicate the most significant parameter affecting the UTS value.

Consequently, it has effects of finishing crankshafts, increasing surface quality and improving the physical-mechanical properties.
Through surface geometric characteristic, physical-mechanical property, cleanness degree, this paper is to decide the effect improving surface integrity [5, 6].
(a) before finishing (b) finishing 40min Fig. 4 Contrast photos of surface micro shape Surface Physical-mechanical Property Analysis Surface hardness.
Therefore its manufacturing enterprises not only controls its material, size, tolerances, but also its cleanliness degree, which is one of the most important factors.
It could produce abrasions, damage crankshaft bearing, hinder cooling water flow, etc., which affects the product life and performance.

Thin nanostructured Ti-B-N-based films are known for their excellent mechanical properties and their stability at high temperature in oxidizing atmosphere.
The mechanical properties, phase composition and micro-structure of as-deposited and annealed coatings were addressed.
The mechanical properties of the layers in the air annealed samples could not be measured.
One of the main factors that affects the Young's modulus is the nature of the atomic bonding, which is related to the atomic configuration of each component of the material.
The mechanical properties of the formed layers are different, and as a consequence, buckling of the coating in the cooling phase is reported.

By increasing the amount of acicular ferrite in the microstructure, the properties of HSLA steels can be optimized significantly.
Various authors reported that an increased content of AF in the microstructure leads to an improvement of the mechanical properties [6-7] due to the significant differences in the propagation path for a cleavage crack in different microstructures.
Thus, it is possible to reproduce solidification and subsequent cooling of the cast material in casting-rolling processes and to characterize the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the solidified samples.
Thus, for the determination of the most decisive influencing factors regarding the formation of acicular ferrite, a systematic study concerning the different influencing parameters and their interactions is indispensable.
Horii, Recent Developments in Controlling the Microstructure and Properties of Low Alloy Steel Weld Metals, ISIJ International 35, 10 (1995) 1170-1182

The possible explanation is that the microstructure and properties of all-ceramic Veneering changed during multiple firing.
Furthermore, fewer studies produced detailed information on the wear mechanism of all-ceramic restoration especially on the effect of manufacture factors.
Dental porcelain is composed of silica glass that is modified by fluxes such as CaO, K2O, Na2O, B2O3 and AL2O3.With an appropriate composition of the oxides, leucite crystals are formed to improve mechanical properties and control the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic.
The materials for all-ceramic veneering porcelain contain up to 90vol% of crystalline phase, which consists primarily of alumina, magnesia, zirconia, or lithia in a glassy matrix to control mechanical and optical properties [8,9].
Some factors such as the magnitude of temperature and differences in material properties, including the coefficient of thermal expansion, the glass transition temperature, and the viscosity might affect thermal stress in layered ceramic structures [2,11].

Huang and his research group have studied Ti-O films in detailed and obtained many valuable research results, especially in the biological properties [3,4].
All of research showed that many factors affect the hemo-compatibility of Ti-O films, and surface energy is an important parameter among these factors [9].
In this paper, it was studied that the effect of alkali treatment process to surface and nano-mechanical properties of Ti-O films prepared by micro-arc oxidation, some interest results have been obtained.
Recently, a nano-indentation technique has been used to investigate mechanical properties of thin films.
Yang, Mechanism of Antithrombotic Properties of two kinds of blood-contacting Inorganic Films [D] Southwest Jiaotong University, 2006 [10] P.

After 10 months ageing, all the mechanical properties were higher when compared to composites using OPC.
Effect on flocculation, retention, drainage and product properties.
Potential Use of Colloidal Silica in Cement Based Composites: Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties.
Physical, chemical and mechanical properties of fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FC3R) blended cements.
Physical, mechanical, and durability properties of gypsum–Portland cement–natural pozzolan blends.