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The essential idea is transforming the problem of finding optimal topology into searching the optimal material distribution in the given area [1].
The nonlinear relationship between the material characteristics and density can be modeled as: （1） Where, is the elastic modulus; is the Poisson’s ratio; suffix”0” references to the actual material characteristics; index.
Hence, the area between piston pin boss and the thrust face was filled with material to form as optimization area.
When using the same kind of material, the mass of the optimized piston is only 74% of the conventional one.
Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2010, 2(40): 351-356.

Therefore, in order to strengthen the emission reduction of each province and make construction industry develop with a low carbon emission way to promote the economic growth rationally, this essay offers following proposals: (1)Adjust the structure of building materials; close down outdated production facilities Adjusting the structure of building materials is an important way to build an efficient and economized society.
Construction industry should not only guarantee the reasonable growth of economic aggregate, but also optimize the industrial structure and product structure by reducing the usage of building materials with high carbon emission.
Building materials and field operation with less this kind of raw materials should be developed and utilized.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Xi'an Urban and Rural Construction Committee, the 2013 construction science and technology projects: The study on energy efficiency and energy savings of construction in Xi'an(sjw201311).
Journal of Transport Policy，2005(12) [6] Yifen Lu.

This finding is logical to an effect of nozzle rotation that a more amount of coating materials passing through the nozzle will increase DFT.
Transaction on Automation Science and Engineering.
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology.
Prombanpong: Material Consumption and Dry Film Thickness in Spray Coating Process.
Materials and Design.

Introduction Ceramic materials have been widely used as functional materials as well as structural materials in many industrial fields because of their excellent thermal, chemical and wear resistant behaviors.
But the brittle nature of ceramics makes the machining process very difficult compared to the same process with ductile materials.
Abrasive machining is the primary method of the present ceramic materials machining technology, which now can approximately be classified into the loose abrasive machining and the fixed abrasive machining.
Acknowledgment This project is supported by National Science Foundation of China (Granted number 50535040).
References [1] J.L.Yuan, Z.W.Wang,D.Q.Yu: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.

PCB is difficult-to-cut laminate composite which consists of dielectric layer (resin / glass fiber cloth) and high purity metal conductor (copper foil), and it is heterogeneous anisotropic material with different cutting mechanism from metallic material and other composite material.
The structure of PCB material, copper clad laminates, is showed in Fig. 2.
The fact is due to the increasing material removal rate.
The center material of the hole is cut by the chisel edge which has big negative rake angle.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2001, 118(1-3): 436-441 [6] Hidehito Watanabe, Hideo Tsuzaka, Masami Masuda, Microdrilling for printed circuit boards (PCBs) - Influence of radial run-out of microdrills on hole quality.

While during the thermal expansion, the high temperature materials adjacent to the fusion zone will produce uneven compressive plastic deformation with the restriction of the surrounding other materials, but as it cooled, the material with plastic changes can not contract freely due to restricted by the surrounding other materials, which result in material uneven heat-expansion and cold-contraction and produce the thermal stress.
This kind of tensile and compressive stresses on both sides of the weld will cause material wave-like deformation, which not only affect the beautiful appearance of the structure, but also can reduce the bearing capacity of thin-walled structures.
The residual tensile stress is σrc=0.1σy, the residual compressive stress is σrt=0.8σy, σy is the material yield strength[8].
Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51175146) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2012B14014).
Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol.19, No.4 (1991),p321-329 [5] Chen Dong.

Microstructural Evolution of Fe-based Metallic Glass/2024-Al Powder during High Energy Ball Milling Process Ruixiao Zheng1,a, Yitan Zhang1,b , Sujing Ge2,c , Han Yang1,d , Chaoli Ma1,e 1Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Xueyuan Road No.37, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China 2Hebei Lizhong Nonferrous Metals Group Co.
Al based materials prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) process offer a number of interesting opportunities for high strength applications.
The authors would also like to thank Hebei Sitong New Metal Material Co., Ltd (STNM) for providing experimental facilities to carry out this work.
Lavernia, Processing of nanocrystalline al-based materials by mechanical attrition in liquid nitrogen, Proceedings of the TMS Fall Meeting, 2000. pp.167
Lavernia, High grain size stability of nanocrystalline Al prepared bymechanical attrition, Journal of Materials Research. 16 (2001) 3451.

Side view of concrete structure model In this way, we can evaluate the capabilities of infrared thermography in the detection of strange defects buried in soil, concrete, mortar and other materials.
Therefore, the two cases where a sign of temperature difference is positive or negative can be considered as expressed below: (1) Case: λm < λd : The heat flux delivered to mortar is more absorbed in defects rather than in the host material.
As the result of additional experiment we concluded that it will be able to have the chance for us to detect the inside defects in concrete structures and also other materials, if we take care of cooling effect in the thermograms.
Vavilov: Proceedings of Nondestructive Characterization of Materials, Elsevier Science, (2001), p.371
Komiyama: Journal of the Japan Society of Infrared Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2000), p.20

Introduction Virtual reality technology is a new branch of subject in information science, it is widely used in military, entertainment, manufacture, medicine, geographic information system, etc, because of its peculiar advantage.
Attention must be paid to observe the character of objects in real world, and create a sense of reality material according to the special properties.
In 3DS MAX, material and texture is established and edited by material editor-Material Editor, and through the final render to display them, so the object surface shows different quality of a material, color and texture.
Large-scale terrain scene modeling and roaming simulation based on VRML.2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT: 2010
Journal of Information and Computational Science, 2010:981-988.

MS thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTHU, Taiwan; 1996
The Development of High-Entropy Alloys, Hua Kang Journal of Engineering Chinese Culture University 27 (2011) 1-18 [4] Tong CJ, Chen YL, Chen SK, Yeh JW, Shun TT, Tsau CH, et al.
Progress in Materials Science, 61 (2014) 1-93)
[8] Hui Zhang, Ye Pan, Yi-Zhu He, Synthesis and characterization of FeCoNiCrCu high-entropy alloy coating by laser cladding, Materials and Design 32 (2011) 1910–1915 [9] Cunyuan Peng, Mingxing Ma, Qiwen Wu, Wenjin Liu, Weiming Zhang.
Beijing: Science Press, 2010:67-81